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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Author: BIRLA, DEVILAL × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON WEED DYNAMICS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF LENTIL (Lens culinaris M.)
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) BIRLA, DEVILAL; Pandey, I. B.
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of Tillage and Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris M.)” was carried out during rabi season of 2020-2021 at the Research Farm of TCA, Dholi (Muzaffarpur), a campus of Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design, comprised three tillage practices viz., zero tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage in main-plot and five weed management practices viz., weedy check, hand weeding at 20 DAS, chlorimuron ethyl 4 g ha-1 (PE) + Paddy straw mulching (5.0 t ha-1), quizalofop ethyl 40 g ha-1 at 20 DAS, chlorimuron ethyl 4 g ha-1 (PE) + quizalofop ethyl 40 g ha-1 at 20 DAS in sub-plot. The lentil variety HUL- 57 was sown in first week of October in row 30 cm apart using the seed rate of 40 kg ha-1. The plant to plant distance of 10 cm was maintained by thinning three weeks after sowing. Tillage and weed management practices had positive effect on growth, yield indices and yield of lentil. Among tillage practices, conventional tillage recorded significantly taller plant, accumulated more plant dry matter, crop growth rate and number of branches plant-1 than zero tillage and was closely followed by minimum tillage. Among weed management practices, hand weeding although recorded significantly higher plant height, accumulated more plant dry matter, plant growth rate and number of branches plant-1 than post-emergence application of quizalofop ethyl (PoE) but was found similar to, chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + Paddy straw mulching and chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + quizalofop ethyl at 20 DAS. Weedy check recorded significantly lower values of these parameters than weed control treatments. Tillage practices exerted non-significant effect on seeds pod-1 and test weight, but pods plant-1 significantly affected by tillage practices. Among tillage practices, conventional tillage recorded significantly higher number of pods plant-1 than zero tillage but was found at par with minimum tillage. Weed management practices had non-significant effect on seeds pod-1 but was pods plant-1 and test weight were significantly influenced by weed management practices. Weed management practices significantly enhanced number of pod plant-1 and test weight than weedy check. Hand weeding recorded significantly higher number of pod plant-1 than chemical weeding except chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + paddy straw mulching. Conventional tillage produced significantly highest grain and straw yield but was similar to minimum tillage and both recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield than zero tillage. Tillage practices, exerted non-significant effect on harvest index. Among the weed management practices hand weeding recorded highest grain and straw yields but was found at par with chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + paddy straw mulching and chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + quizalofop ethyl at 20 DAS and these significantly surpassed over quizalofop ethyl (PoE). Weed management practices recorded significantly higher harvest index than weedy check. However, among the weed management practices harvest index did not differ significantly. Tillage and weed management practices exerted non-significant effect on protein content of grain. However, tillage and weed management practices significantly influenced NPK-uptake by crop. Conventional tillage significantly increased NPK-uptake by crop than minimum and zero tillage. Likewise, weed management practices also significantly increased the NPK-uptake by crop than weedy check. Hand weeding recorded significantly higher P and K uptake by crop than chemical weeding except chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + paddy straw mulching. However, N-uptake was significantly more in hand weeding than chemical weeding. Among chemical weeding, NPK-uptake did not differ between combined application of chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + paddy straw mulching/ and Chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + quizalofop ethyl (PoE) and these recorded significantly higher NPK-uptake by crop than quizalofop ethyl (PoE). Conventional tillage significantly reduced weed density, weed biomass, weed growth rate and NPK- depletion by weed than minimum and zero tillage. Similarly, weed management practices significantly reduced weed density and weed biomass than weedy check. Among weed management practices, hand weeding at 20 DAS significantly reduced weed density, weed dry biomass, NPK-depletion by weed and enhanced weed control efficiency than chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + paddy straw mulching, chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + quizalofop ethyl at 20 DAS and quizalofop ethyl at 20 DAS. Conventional and minimum tillage being at par with respect to gross return, net return and B: C ratio recorded significantly higher gross and net return than zero tillage, while only conventional tillage recorded higher B: C ratio than zero tillage. Among weed management practices, hand weeding recorded highest gross return net return and B: C ratio and was significantly higher in chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + paddy straw mulching and chlorimuron ethyl (PE) + quizalofop ethyl at 20 DAS.