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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND CAUSE EFFECT RELATIONSHIP STUDIES IN TOMATO “(Solanum lycopersicum L.)’’ FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) SHAHNAWAZ, AHMED; Yadav, L. M.The current research was conducted at the “Vegetable Research farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar”, during the rabi season (2020-21) having Twenty-five tomato genotypes, including a control, Kashi Vishesh to evaluate the twenty-five genotypes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in a Randomized Block Design with three replications for yield and yield attributing traits. Studies were carried out on “variability, character association, path analysis, and genetic divergence” for characters like “Plant height (cm), number of primary branches/plants, number of days to first flower initiation, number of flowers/clusters, number of fruits/clusters, number of clusters/plants, number of days to first picking, polar diameter of fruit (cm), equatorial diameter of fruit (cm), average fruit weight (g), TSS content of the fruit (obrix), acidity of the fruit (%), number of fruits/plant and fruit yield/plant (kg)”. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for every trait. Estimations of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were high for the characters like: “fruit yield per plant (kg), average fruit weight (g), equatorial diameter of fruit (cm), number of primary branches/plants, plant height (cm), polar diameter of fruit (cm), number of fruits/plant and acidity of the fruit (%)”. A high heritability value was detected, as well as a high genetic advance as percent of the mean for all the fourteen characters. These characters indicated that the presence of additive gene effects that may be exploited through phenotypic selection to improve yield. Based on correlation and path analysis, “Plant height, Average fruit weight and number of fruits per plant” exhibited positive and significant correlation with yield per plant having their positive direct effect suggesting that during selection these traits may be considered as prime traits to improve the yield of tomato. The twenty-five genotypes were divided into nine clusters using Tocher’s method, however, the genotype distribution within each cluster varied in number. Cluster I had the highest number of genotypes (eleven) followed by (four) genotypes in cluster III, (three) in cluster VI, (two) in cluster V and cluster II, IV, VII, VIII, and IX had only (one) genotype each. Cluster I and Cluster V had the highest and lowest intra-cluster distances, respectively. The inter-cluster distance was lowest between clusters II and V and highest between clusters VIII and IX, indicating these genotypes might be used in an inter-varietal hybridization program to achieve superior recombinants. Average fruit weight (24.00 %) contributed the most to divergence, followed by acidity of the fruit (16.33 %), TSS content of the fruit (15.67 %), and number of primary branches per plant (15.00 %). They have collectively contributed 71 %. So, based on this study, genotypes EC 320574 (Cluster V) and PDT-3-1 (Cluster VIII) were selected as superior lines based on high inter-cluster distance alongside mean performance for most of the yield attributing traits suggesting that these genotypes may be used in crossing programme to obtain heterotic recombinants as well as transgressive segregants.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND GENETIC VARIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) YADAV, KAMLESH KUMAR; Singh, S.P.The present investigation entitled “Study of character Association and Genetic Variability Assessment of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp.)” was conducted at “Vegetable Research Farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar”. The experimental material consists of twenty-five genotypes of cowpea including Kashi Kanchan as check and studied for fourteen quantitative traits in randomized block design (RBD) consist of three replications during the Zaid season of 2021. The observations were recorded for eighteen quantitative traits viz. “germination (%), plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, days to first flower initiation, number of nodes on main stem, number of pods per cluster, days to first picking, pod length (m), pod diameter (cm), pod weight (g), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g) and pod yield per plant (g)”. All the fourteen quantitative traits were analyzed for “analysis of variance, genotypic and phenotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percent of mean, correlation analysis, path analysis and genetic divergence” to study the nature and the magnitude of variability and diversity present among these genotypes. The analysis of variance had significant variation among all the fourteen characters studied. In common, the values recorded for phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the values observed for the genotypic coefficient of variation with very narrow gap between these two parameters. The high genetic heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for maximum number of traits namely “plant height, number of branches per plant, number of nodes on main stem, number of pods per cluster, pod length, pod diameter, pod weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, pod yield per plant.” which implies that selection for these traits is favorable. The GCV was greater than the PCV. The pod yield per plant was positively and significantly associated with “plant height, number of branches per plant, number of nodes on main stem, number of pods per cluster, pod length, pod diameter, pod weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod”. Highest intra-cluster distance observed in Cluster I and Cluster II. Maximum inter-cluster distance was exhibited between Cluster number IV & V, Cluster III & V, Cluster I & V, Cluster II & IV, Cluster I & Cluster II, Cluster II & V indicating the chances of getting high yielding recombinants would be better if the crosses are made among the genotypes of these groups. The highest contribution towards genetic divergence was recorded by “number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, pod yield per plant and pod length”, Hence, improvement of these traits can be possible.ThesisItem Open Access DIVERGENCE STUDY IN BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) VIJAY, DHONGADE SOMESH; Pramila, Dr.The present investigation entitled “Divergence Study in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” was conducted at “Vegetable Research Farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar”. The experimental material consists of twenty-two genotypes of brinjal including Pant Rituraj as check and studied for eighteen quantitative traits along with five morphological traits in randomized block design (RBD) consist of three replications during the late kharif season of 2020. The observations were recorded for eighteen quantitative traits viz. “plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, days to 50 % flowering (days), days to first harvest (days), fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), fruit pedicle length (cm), number of fruit per plant (cm), average fruit weight (g), marketable fruit yield per plant (kg), unmarketable fruit yield per plant (kg), total soluble solid (degree Brix), long style flower (%), medium style flower (%), short style flower (%), pseudo-short style flower (%), shoot & fruit borer infestation (%), total fruit yield per plant (kg)” and five morphological traits namely “plant growth habit, flower colour, fruiting habit, fruit colour and fruit shape ”. All the eighteen quantitave traits were analyzed for “analysis of variance, genotypic and phenotypic variance, genotypic and Dr. RAJENDRA PRASAD CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, PUSA, SAMASTIPUR, BIHAR-848125 phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance,genetic advance as percent of mean, correlation analysis, path analysis and genetic divergence” to study the nature and the magnitude of variability and diversity present among these genotypes. The analysis of variance had significant variation among all the eighteen characters studied. In common, the values recorded for phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the values observed for the genotypic coefficient of variation with very narrow gap between these two parameters. The high genetic heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for maximum number of traits namely “fruit width, fruit length, pseudo-short style flower, fruit pedicle length, short style flower, average fruit weight, unmarketable fruit yield/ plant, marketable fruit yield per plant, number of primary branches per plant, shoot & fruit borer infestation, number of fruit per plant medium style flower & total fruit yield/plant” which implies that selection for these traits is favorable. The GCV was greater than the PCV. The total fruit yield per plant was positively and significantly associated with “number of fruit per plant, average fruit weight per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant and un-marketable fruit yield per plant”. Maximum inter-cluster distance was exhibited between Cluster V and VI followed by Cluster IV & V, Cluster III & IV, Cluster III and IV & Cluster III and VI indicating the chances of getting high yielding recombinants would be better if the crosses are made among the genotypes of these groups. The lowest inter-cluster distance was recorded between the Clusters I and III. The highest contribution towards genetic divergence was recorded by “total fruit yield per plant followed by fruit width, medium style flower, number of fruits per plant, shoot and fruit borer infestation, unmarketable fruit yield per plant, short style flower, fruit pedicle length, fruit length, average fruit weight, marketable fruit yield per plant, total soluble solid and days to 50% flowering”, Hence, improvement of these traits can be possible.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SULPHUR AND BORON ON SEED PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE PEA (Pisum sativum L.) IN CALCAREOUS SOILS(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) BIHARI, CHHAIL; KUMAR, UDITA field experiment entitled “Effect of sulphur and boron on seed production of vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.) in calcareous soils” “was carried out at the experimental field of AICRP on Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, PG College of Agriculture, “Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during Rabi season (2020-21).”Experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with factorial fashion, comprising of five levels of sulphur (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Kg ha-1) and three levels of boron (0, 1 and 2 Kg ha-1) to study the effect on growth, pod yield and “seed yield of vegetable pea. Altogether, the experiment consisted of 15 treatments which were replicated thrice. Growth, pod yield and seed yield attributes were studied including economics.” The significant effects of treatments were observed for growth attributes, pod yield, seed yield and it’s attributes. The ultimate height of plant (58.86 cm) and “number of branches per plant” (4.60) were recorded maximum in treatment combination S4 B2 (40 kg S ha-1+ 2 kg B ha-1). Similar results were also recorded for pod yield related attributes as well as seed yield related attributes. Among the pod yield attributes, number of green pods plant-1 (23.93), pod length (9.72 cm), green pod yield plant-1 (44.20 g) and weight of 10 pods (75.05g) were recorded maximum with the treatment combination S4 B2 (40 kg S ha-1+ 2 kg B ha-1). “However, S4 B2 (40 kg S ha-1+ 2 kg B ha-1)” exhibited at par with S3B2 (30 kg S ha-1+ 2 kg B ha-1) for” some characters like “number of pod per plant, pod length” (9.60 cm) and weight of 10 pods (78.30 g). When it was concerned to seed yield and its attributes, number of seeds pod-1(9.26), number of seeded pods per plant (12.60), seed yield per hectare (16.73 q) and 100 seed weight (22.56g) were recorded maximum with the treatment combination S4 B2 (40 kg S ha-1+ 2 kg B ha-1). However, S4 B2 (40 kg S ha-1+ 2 kg B ha-1) exhibited to be at par with S3B2 (30 kg S ha-1+ 2 kg B ha-1)” for some characters like, number of seed per pod (9.26), number of seeded pod per plant (12.60), seed yield per ha. (16.73 q ha-1) and 100 seed weight (21.96 g). So far as the economics of the trial was concerned, the treatment combination S4 B2 (40 kg S ha-1+ 2kg B ha-1) gave the maximum net return (₹.1,88,316.00) as well as benefit cost ratio (3.50). “Thus, the present study suggested that treatment combination S4 B2 (40 kg S ha-1+ 2 kg B ha-1)” exhibited superiority over rest of the treatment combinations with respect to almost all the characters of vegetable pea.”ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP IN OKRA [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) MOENCH] GENOTYPES FOR SUMMER SEASON(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) BARMAN, ANIMESH; SINGH, A. K.The present research programme entitled “Studies on genetic variability and cause-effect relationship in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] genotypes for summer season” was conducted with thirty okra genotypes collected from various places across the country at the Hi-Tech Horticulture Farm of the Department of Horticulture of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, during the summer season of 2020. The material was assessed using RBD (Randomized Block Design) with three replications. Fifteen traits were selected for the study viz., “plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, days to first flowering, days to fruit set, days to first harvesting, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, average fruit weight (g), internodal length (cm), number of nodes per plant, number of first flowering nodes, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), number of ridges per fruit, fruit yield per plant (kg)” ANOVA exhibited significant mean sum of square (MSS) values due to genotype for all variables under study, which signify the presence of substantial amount of variability in the okra genotypes used for the study. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values was slightly greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) values for most of the traits, which was attributed for the minor impact of environment on the morphology of the traits. In the study, high level of heritability associated with high level of genetic advance was observed for “number of primary branches per plant, number of first flowering nodes, number of seeds per fruit, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit yield per plant”, which revealed the preponderance of additive gene action. Therefore, response to early selection may be effective in improving these traits. Based on correlation and path analysis, “number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length” expressed positive and significant correlation with “fruit yield per plant” having their positive direct effect suggesting that during selection these traits may be considered as prime trait to improve yield of okra. Based on diversity using Tocher's method, the thirty genotypes were grouped into eight different clusters. The inter cluster distances were recorded higher than the intra cluster distances further indicating a considerable amount of diversity in the genotypes involved. Highest inter-cluster distance was found between cluster III and VII followed by cluster V and VII. Among all the characters studied, “fruit length” contributed maximum to the diversity followed by “number of first flowering nodes, number of primary branches per plant”. Further, genotypes VRO-65 (cluster III) and SKY/DR/RS-13 (cluster VI) were selected as superior lines based on high inter cluster distance alongside mean performance for most of yield attributing traits suggesting that these genotypes may be used in crossing programme to obtain heterotic recombinants as well as transgressive segregants.
