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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20202
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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × Start date: 2018 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of impact of climate change on water requirement and Yield of Rabi Maize using FAO-AquaCrop model for Pusa, Bihar
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Chandan, Vipin; Chandra, Ravish
    Climate change has become very important for farming sector in India. The persistent dry seasons and floods threaten to the sustenance of billions of individuals who rely on land for theirfuture requirements. Two significant changes are being noticed prominently i.e., convergences of carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature. This necessitates studies to be undertaken on the interrelationship of climatic condition, crop growth and yield. Keeping the importance of climate change and its impact on crop growth and water requirement the present investigation was under taken to study the response of climate change on crop yield, biomass and crop water requirement of rabi maize. The study was also extended to estimate the effect of quantity and quality of irrigation water on crop yield and biomass of rabi maize. The simulation analysis was made for three rabi seasons 2016-17,2017-18 and 2018-19 and for five levels of maximum and minimum temperature increase and compared with the performance of rabi maize crop with actual temperature level. The five levels of maximum and minimum temperature increases were Tmax+10C, Tmax+2 0C, Tmax+3 0C,Tmax+40C, Tmax+5 0C and Tmin.+10C, Tmin+2 0C, Tmin+3 0C,Tmin+40C, Tmin+5 0C respectively. To investigate the impact of increased carbon dioxide level (CO2) on simulated crop yield and biomass of rabi maize three different scenario in the model was selected. Regrading Assessment of effect of different depth of irrigation water on simulated crop yield and biomass of rabi maize was done for three years for 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 with the help of FAO-Aqucrop model. For rabi maize, model prediction for the future temperature increase in maximum temperature for five levels Tmax+10C, Tmax+2 0C, Tmax+3 0C,Tmax+40C, Tmax+5 0C showed a positive response on simulated crop yield and biomass. The increase in yield and biomass of rabi maize varied from 5.6 to 23.7 % for 2016-17, 4.3 to 19.6 % for 2017-18 and 6.4 to 27.3 % for 2018-19 for five levels of temperature increase Tmax+10C, Tmax+2 0C, Tmax+3 0C,Tmax+40C, Tmax+5 0C. The average increase in simulated yield and biomass of rabi maize was found to be 3.73 % for 2016-17, 3.06 % for 2017-18 and 4.19 % for 2018-19 for one degree (10C) rise in maximum temperature. Model prediction for the future temperature increase in minimum temperature for five levels also showed a positive response on simulated crop yield and biomass. But the predicted yield and biomass increase are more pronounced in case ofincrease due to maximum temperature elevation. The average increase in simulated yield and biomass of rabi maize was found4.07 % for 2016-17, 3.37 % for 2017-18 and 4.47 % for 2018-19 for one degree (10C) increase in minimum temperature. Crop water requirement increasedwith increasing level of maximum temperature for all three years. With increase in temperature simulated yield also increased for winter maize alongside crop water requirement. The simulated yield and biomass of rabi maize increased with increase in CO2 level for all the three growing season of 2016-17, 2017-18 & 2018-19 and three different scenario. The increase in rabi maize simulated yield and biomass for the year 2016-17 for three different scenario of MaunaLoa.CO2 (Default) A2 scenario and B2 scenario were (0.9 %, 2.2% and 3.0 %), (1.6 %,3.0% and 4.9 %) and (0.8 %, 2.3% and 3.2 % ) respectively. Assessment of different depth of irrigation water on simulated crop yield and biomass of rabi maize using FAOAquacrop model suggests that crop yield is increasing till 40 cm depth of irrigation water application for all the three seasons. In case of deficit irrigation of 20 cm depth of irrigation water application the simulated yield reduced by 14.4 %, 25.4 % and 11.4 % for the year 2016- 17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. When the similar comparison was made for 30 cm depth of irrigation water application the simulated yield reduction was only 0.79 %, 2.2% and 2.4% respectively for the year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. Assessment of response of different quality irrigation water on simulated crop yield and biomass of rabi maize using FAOAquacrop model suggests that simulated yield was found maximum with 1 dsm-1. The reductionin simulated yield with 10 dsm-1 water quality was observed maximum with a the values of 41.3 %, 44.4 % and 38.4 % respectively for the year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Emitter density on Yield and Water Productivity of Wheat under Drip Irrigation in North Bihar condition
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Khandekar, Anjali; Gupta, S. P.
    Maximum the grain yield with minimum expenses is the most challenging factor in the progressing countries like India. Therefore, the main focus of this work was to estimate the wheat yield response to different lateral and dripper spacing combination in drip irrigation system. A field experimentation was organized in the experimental farm of PFDC, College of Agriculture Engineering, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, to study the “Effect of Dripper Spacing on Yield and Water Productivity of Wheat under Drip Irrigation”. Result found that 23.99% water saves in drip irrigation system contrasted to supervised pipe irrigation. The wheat grain yield was 7.34% and 1000 grain weight was 3.57% more than supervised pipe irrigation. The maximum grain yield was found 46.37 q/ha in 30cm lateral spacing and 30cm dripper spacing. Water productivity of drip irrigated wheat was 19.04% more than the supervised pipe irrigated wheat. The conclusion made with this study was drip irrigation system with 30cm lateral spacing and 50cm dripper spacing shows most suitable result. This combination shows economical result. Thus, drip irrigation system is more efficient with less water than supervised pipe irrigation system.