Thumbnail Image

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

Browse

20221
Reset filters
Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × Author: PAL, SOUVIK × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hydrological Modeling of Burhi Gandak River Catchment, Bihar using HEC-HMS
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) PAL, SOUVIK; Kumar, Ambrish
    Hydrologic simulation has become essential tools for understanding environment and human influences on river flows and designing ecologically sustainable water management approaches. The present study was carried out in the Burhi Gandak catchment having an area of about 10913.1 sq. km up to Samastipur gauging site (outlet) using SRTM DEM. This flat and elongated watershed had a mains stream of 6th order and experiences less discharge in a short period. The length of overland flow and the constant of channel maintenance had high values, which suggests that the river catchment streams experienced delayed discharges. Due to a high percolation rate, a high chance of groundwater recharge is anticipated on mountainous terrain with a low drainage density (0.57 km-1). In the HEC-HMS, under the loss method, SCS-CN method was chosen, while in the transform method clark’s unit hydrograph and SCS unit hydrograph were chosen. For the flood routing method, the lag method was applied in the HEC-HMS model. The calibration of the model was done with Monsoon data -2020 and the validation was done with Monsoon data - 2021. During the years 2017 and 2020 Waterbodies, flooded vegetation, agricultural land and rangeland increased by 30.02%, 7.96%, 6.88% and 27.7%, respectively. There was a 16.33%, 4.6%, and 21.34% decline in the built-up area, forest land and barren land, respectively. The computed peak discharge was 1683.3, 1910, and 2292 m3/sec and the RMSE was found 0.5 in all cases – calibration, optimization and validation periods, respectively. The NSE value was 0.70, 0.78, and 0.765, the percent bias was 14.01%, 3.74%, and -3.13%, and R2 was 0.77, 0.79, 0.77, respectively for Calibration, optimization and validation. The maximum discharges of five extreme events predicted for monsoon season-2017 were found to be 1.68%, 1.98%, 2.48%, 5.05%, and 4.23% higher for monsoon season-2020, respectively. While the fiveminimum simulated discharges (2020) were higher than the minimum simulated discharge (2017) by 20%, 240%, 225%, 245.16%, and 296.23%, respectively. Due to changes in both land use and land cover during 2017 and 2020, there was an increase in the catchment's flow and a noticeable difference between the discharge in 2017 and 2020. The amount of runoff increased by 18.58% between 2017 and 2020.