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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
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ThesisItem Open Access Variations in Zinc availability and its fractions after Kharif Maize in Calcareous Soil(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Devulapally, Sai Ram; Tiwari, SanjayAn experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019-20 with maize crop at the experimental farm area allotted for Soil Science trials, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. The trial was designed in Randomized Block Design with having the thirteen treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice with four zinc doses i.e. 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1, respectively which was supplemented by zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) during Kharif season . In first set of four treatments, Zn was applied only for the first year while in the second and third set of experiment, it was given at alternate years and every year, respectively along with a control. Collection of soil samples were done at pre sowing stage and after harvest of maize crop. Inferences of the findings clearly indicated that with the increasing doses and frequencies of zinc application, the increase in DTPA extractable zinc in all the three depths were observed. Most of the applied zinc was contributed in upper layer (0-15 cm) of soil than lower layers of soil (15-30 cm). Initial year of using Zinc at varying rates had similar concentrations of Zinc fractions. In every year, Zn application mode, the increasing rates of Zn have significantly higher Zn fraction concentration 5 kg Zn application at alternate years had significantly lower available Zn concentration as compared to Zn application @2.5 kg ha-1 at each year. Most of Zn fractions were accumulated in surface (0-15cm) soil and its concentration declined with increasing depths in all the modes of Zn application. Among all Zn fractions present in soil exist in dynamic equilibrium with each other and grain yield was strongly correlated with all these fractions. Sbo-Zn fraction emerged as most dominant fractions which contributed significantly to maize grain yield and accounted for 94.7% variation in maize yield.An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019-20 with maize crop at the experimental farm area allotted for Soil Science trials, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. The trial was designed in Randomized Block Design with having the thirteen treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice with four zinc doses i.e. 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1, respectively which was supplemented by zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) during Kharif season . In first set of four treatments, Zn was applied only for the first year while in the second and third set of experiment, it was given at alternate years and every year, respectively along with a control. Collection of soil samples were done at pre sowing stage and after harvest of maize crop. Inferences of the findings clearly indicated that with the increasing doses and frequencies of zinc application, the increase in DTPA extractable zinc in all the three depths were observed. Most of the applied zinc was contributed in upper layer (0-15 cm) of soil than lower layers of soil (15-30 cm). Initial year of using Zinc at varying rates had similar concentrations of Zinc fractions. In every year, Zn application mode, the increasing rates of Zn have significantly higher Zn fraction concentration 5 kg Zn application at alternate years had significantly lower available Zn concentration as compared to Zn application @2.5 kg ha-1 at each year. Most of Zn fractions were accumulated in surface (0-15cm) soil and its concentration declined with increasing depths in all the modes of Zn application. Among all Zn fractions present in soil exist in dynamic equilibrium with each other and grain yield was strongly correlated with all these fractions. Sbo-Zn fraction emerged as most dominant fractions which contributed significantly to maize grain yield and accounted for 94.7% variation in maize yield.ThesisItem Open Access Potassium pools in calcareous soil after seven year continuous fertilization under rice based cropping systems(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Choudhary, Sarita; Singh, S.P.The different pools of potassium play important role in K contribution from soil to plants. Thus, a trial on “potassium pools in calcareous soil after seven year continuous fertilization under rice based cropping systems” was undertaken in randomized block design with three crop rotation (rice-wheat, rice-mustard and rice-maize) and nine treatments [T1- control, T2-FP, T3-GRD, T4-YT 35q/ha, T5-YT 40 q/ha, T6-YT 45 q/ha, T7-STCR (YT 35 q/ha) + IPNS, T8-STCR (YT 40q/ha) + IPNS, T9-STCR (YT 45 q/ha) +IPNS at Experimental Farm, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar, during kharif-2019 under an ongoing long-term STCR trial. Continuous addition of STCR based fertilizer along with 5 tons compost ha-1 improved soil organic carbon, CEC and different potassium fractions over control, farmers‟ practice and general recommended dose treated plots. Negative potassium balance in soil was recorded under all the treatments and it was more pronounced in rice-maize cropping system than rice-wheat and rice-mustard cropping system. Treatment with STCR (YT 45 q/ha) +IPNS for rice based cropping system was superior over all the other treatments in potassium fractions, chemical and biological properties soil and potassium balance. A highly significant relationship was observed between organic carbon and CEC with among all potassium fractions except feldspars. The potassium in muscovite form dominates over biotite and feldspar K in surface and subsurface soils in all the three rice based cropping systems. Potassium present in different primary minerals varied in the order muscovite > feldspar > biotite in surface and subsurface soils in all three rice based cropping systems. The average contribution of biotite, feldspar and muscovite to total K in surface soils were 6 to 7, 33 to 46 and 48 to 60 percent in all the three rice based cropping systems. Thus, the present study indicate that long term continuous application of STCR based fertilizer with IPNS improved the potassium status and enhance microbial properties as well as potassium balance over FP and GRD in surface (0-0.15 m) and sub-surface soil (0.15-0.30 m).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of graded doses of Boron and grey water on soil properties and yield of tomato in calcareous soils of Bihar(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Dash, Munmun; Singh, A.K.The present investigation was carried out as a part of ongoing experiment under AICRP on IWM Project, during Rabi, 2018-19 at Mansor chawania area of RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar. The experiment was designed in Split Plot Design (SPD) which includes three main plots and four sub-plots, replicated three times. Main plots receiving irrigation levels (I1, I2, I3) of 100% Fresh water, 50% Fresh water + 50% Grey water and 100% Grey water respectively and subplots receiving Boron levels (B1, B2, B3, B4) of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 ,1.5 kg ha⁻¹respectively as Boric acid. Tomato crops were grown as test crop with recommended doses of fertilizer viz. 120:80:80 kg ha⁻¹ of N: P2O5:K2O applied as Urea, DAP and MOP, respectively. The current trial was conducted to investigate the effect of grey water in combination with graded doses of B on soil and response of tomato crop in calcareous soils of Bihar. Based on the results, it was noticed that 100 % (I3) grey water application enhanced overall concentration of micro and macronutrients in post-harvest soil. However, the nutrient status of the post-harvest soils viz. Na, N, K, org. carbon, B, S, Zn & Fe increased by 149.84%, 34.23%, 17.60%, 7.54%, 41.61%, 7.80%, 22.50%, 11.13% respectively over control. Therefore, application of 50 % grey water and 50 % fresh water combining with Boron @ 1.0 kg ha⁻¹ emerged as the best amongst all the treatments and produced better response to tomato crop in respect of yield as well as uptake in B deficient calcareous soil. Hence, in the short term, the grey water used in this analysis does not allow salts and trace metal cations to accumulate in soil.ThesisItem Open Access Soil properties and productivity of rice crop in 35th year of cropping and fertilization under rice-wheat- Sorghum crop(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Rajshree; Singh, Santosh KumarA study was accomplished in an ongoing field experiment under AICRP on Micro Secondary and Pollutant Elements in Soil and Plants, initiated in Kharif 1985 in lighttextured highly calcareous soil. The experiment was designed in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with four fertility levels (0 RDF, 50% RDF, 100% RDF and 150% RDF), two cropping system (Rice-Wheat-Sorghum and Rice-Mustard-Moong) and six replications. The RDF for rice and wheat were 120:60:40; for mustard: 60:40:30; for moong:20:50:30; and for Sorghum:60:50:30. After 10 cropping cycles owing to severe deficiency of micronutrients particularly zinc, on four replications out of six superimpositions (10 kg/ha Zn, 10 kg/ha Zn + 5 t/ha FYM, 10 t/ha FYM and 10 kg/ha Zn + 10 t/ha FYM) were made. The superimposed treatments were applied in alternate years in kharif. The present investigation was carried out in rice-wheat-sorghum rotation in the 35th cropping cycle. The data were analysed using paired t-test do make out a meaningful comparison among superimposed treatments. The analysis revealed that the superimposed treatment (10 kg/ha Zn + 10 t/ha FYM) outperformed all other treatments. A significant improvement in available N, P2O5, K2O and S content over control to the tune of 30.0%, 15.6%, 27.9% and 22.9% respectively was found in surface soil. The organic carbon content also improved significantly. The increase in available Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn content was 93.4%, 13.6%, 14.5% and 0.30% respectively. Soil physical properties viz. penetration resistance and bulk density decreased while volumetric water content, in-situ hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter increased. While comparing the application of 10 kg/ha Zn and 10 t/ha FYM, it is evident that the use of 10 kg/ha Zn significantly improved available S and Zn content in the soil. In contrast, the use of 10 t/ha FYM proved significantly superior in improving soil chemical properties viz. (Organic carbon content, Available N, K) and creating favourable physical conditions viz. (Penetration resistance, Bulk density and in-situ hydraulic conductivity). Application of 10 kg/ha Zn along with 5 t/ha FYM or 10 t/ha FYM in alternate years was found significantly superior over individual use of either 10 t/ha FYM or 10 kg/ha Zn with regards to grain yield, straw yield and nutrient uptake.ThesisItem Open Access Long-term effect of soil test crop response based fertilizer recommendation on soil N-fractions under rice-wheat cropping system(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Minz, Suman; Suman, S.N.Field experiment” was evaluated after seven years to study the “Long-term effect of soil test crop response based fertilizer recommendation on soil N-fractions under rice-wheat cropping system” during Kharif season in 2019-20. Experimental design of the present investigation was RBD which comprising with the 9 treatments viz. T1 - Control, T2 - Farmers Practice (97:57:33 N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1), T3 – RDF (120:60:40 N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1) , T4 -Y1 without IPNS (desired targeted yield with 3.5 t/ha), T5 –Y2 without IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.0 t/ha), T6 –Y3 without IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.5 t/ha), T7 - Y1 with IPNS (desired targeted yield with 3.5 t/ha) , T8 - Y2 with IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.0 t/ha) , T9 - Y3 with IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.5 t/ha) and 3 replications. The purpose of the whole investigation was to study the effect of long-term STCR technology on yield attributing characters, yield and uptake of N, P and K by the rice crop, soil nitrogen fractions, biological and chemical parameters of post-harvest soil under “rice-wheat cropping system in calcareous soil of Pusa”. Among all the treatments, maximum improvement in yield and yield attributing characters of rice crop was recorded in treatment T9 - Y3 with IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.5 t/ha). It was observed that maximum value of biological and chemical parameters of post harvest soil recorded in treatment T9 - Y3 with IPNS (desired 10 targeted yield with 4.5 t/ha) over the control where no inorganic or organic sources were applied. Post-harvest surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were analyzed for soil nitrogen fractions, biological and chemical properties after the harvest of 7th rice crop under “rice-wheat cropping system” in calcareous soil. Integration of fertilizers along with compost (5 t ha-1) had found to be effective and resulted to give a significant improvement in soil nitrogen fractions. The higher value of soil inorganic nitrogen fraction (NO3--N+ NH4+-N) was obtained in T9 - Y3 with IPNS (98.9 mg kg-1) and the lower value was obtained in T1 - control plot (68.4 mg kg-1). Among organic fraction of nitrogen in soil, total hydrolysable nitrogen varied significantly from 228.60 mg kg-1 in control plot to 305.50 mg kg-1 in T9 - Y3 with IPNS, non-hydrolysable nitrogen varied significantly from 106.30 mg kg-1 in control plot to 125.80 mg kg-1 in T9 - Y3 with IPNS. The higher value of total soil nitrogen was obtained in T9 - Y3 with IPNS (530.2 mg kg-1) and lower value was obtained in T1 – Control plot (403.30 mg kg-1). Significantly Positive correlation was obtained among the various nitrogen fractions and between available nitrogen, organic carbon and with plant parameters which indicated that different fractions of soil nitrogen were present in the dynamic equanimity within the soil and improves the nutrient availability and nutrient uptake by the rice crop. Contribution on the percentage basis of different nitrogen fraction viz. NO3--N, Ex. NH4+-N, non- hydrolysable nitrogen and total hydrolysable nitrogen were 6%, 12%, 25% and 57% respectively and among total hydrolysable nitrogen hexose amine-N, hydrolysable NH4+-N, amino acid-N and hydrolysable unidentified-N were 8%, 26%, 31% and 35% respectively. The significant positive change was observed for nitrogen under T9 - Y3 with IPNS, T8- Y2 with IPNS and T3- RDF than the initial value of soil nitrogen. Soil Test Crop Response based fertilizer application along with the integration of Plant Nutrient System, T9 - Y3 with IPNS was found to be effective to achieve desired targeted yield by the rice crop and also in improvement of different organic and inorganic soil nitrogen fractions.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of herbicides on soil enzymes, nutrient uptake and productivity of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Dash, Lopamudra; Singh, PankajAn experimental field trial was initiated during Rabi 2019-20 using chickpea as the test crop at Dhab area of pusa research of Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar. The experiment was planned in RBD with 7 treatments and 3 replications consisting of four different herbicides viz. pendimethalin (pre-emergence) @ 0.75 kg ha-1, oxyflourfen (pre-emergence) @ 100 g ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl (post-emergence) @ 40 g ha-1 and propaquizafop (post-emergence) @ 0.75 kg ha-1, a combined dose of pendimethalin (pre-emergence) @ 0.75 kg ha-1 and quizalofop-p-ethyl (post-emergence) @ 40 g ha-1, hand weeded plot and weedy plot. Soil samples were collected and analyzed at different stages starting from initial to harvest. Plant height (cm) of chickpea increased with the advancement of crop age and reached maximum value at harvest. Days to 50 % flowering varied between 80-81 days while days to maturity varied between 129-131 days. Oxyflourfen @ 100g ha-1 and propaquizafop @ 0.75 kg ha-1 recorded the highest and lowest nodulation values respectively among the herbicides. The highest values of NPK uptake (kg ha-1) was found to be 56.4N, 7.5P, 22.2K kg ha-1 and 38.2N, 11.3P and 32.4K kg ha-1 in grain and haulm respectively from hand weeded plot while weedy check recorded lowest values and it was found that weeds from weedy check plot recorded severe depletion of nutrients (2.9 kg N ha-1, 0.72 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 5.6 kg K2O ha-1). Higher yield (grain and haulm), nutrient uptake and yield attributing characters were recorded under the weed free plot and minimum under control plot. Among the herbicides treated plots, it was found that the dehydrogenase activity of the soil was least affected by quizalofop-p-ethyl and propaquizafop (2.16 μg TPF g-1 day-1) while oxyflourfen exhibited lowest activity (0.48 μg TPF g-1 day-1). On the otherhand, inhibitory effects of quizalofop-p-ethyl and propaquizafop were more prominent at harvest stage (1.22 and 1.15 μg TPF g-1 day-1 respectively). Highest urease activity was recorded under oxyflourfen (22.9 μg TPF g-1 day-1) while lowest set of activity under propaquizafop (13.8 μg TPF g-1 day-1) treatments. In case of pendimethalin there was no inhibition or stimulation of urease activity during initial days but an increment in urease activity was observed at later stage of crop. The initial alkaline phosphatase activity value was found to be 8.09 μg pNPP g-1 h-1 while the highest and lowest values were recorded under hand weeded (9.37 μg pNPP g-1 h-1) and plot receiving pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 + postemergence application of quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 100g ha-1 respectively. The highest set of microbial biomasses (MBC and MBN) was recorded in the plot treated with pendimethalin (209.6 and 41.9 mg kg-1 respectively) while lowest in oxyflourfen treated plot (138.4 and 21.33 mg kg-1 respectively) among the herbicides. The mean bacterial population ranged between 3.85-5.77 x 106 cfu g-1 of soil and 3.03-4.35 x 106 cfu g-1 and the fungal population ranged between 2.21-3.57 x 103 cfu g-1 of soil at flowering and 1.5 -2.79 x 103 cfu g-1 of soil at harvest respectively due to application of herbicides. It was found that herbicide residues were not detected prominently from any of the plots. However, quizalofop-p-ethyl showed little persistence in treatment T2: Preemergence application of pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 + Post-emergence application of quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 40 g ha-1 (0.006 nanogram per gram soil) and treatment T4: Postemergence application of quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 40 g ha-1 (0.008 nanogram per gram soil).ThesisItem Open Access Influence of organic sources on soil properties, availability and uptake of nutrients in sugarcane plant-ratoon system(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Jyothiraditya, Goka.; Jha, C.K.The present study was conducted in an ongoing University Research Project running in the Department of Soil Science, SRI, Pusa on the second ratoon crop (Ratoon-II) under the sugarcane farming system Plant -Ratoon I-Ratoon II during the year 2019-2020 entitled “Influence of organic sources on Soil Properties, Availability and Uptake of Nutrients in sugarcane Plant- Ratoon System". The treatments comprising of organic sources viz. FYM , biocompost (BC), vermicompost (VC), green manuring with green gram (Vigna radiata), Trichoderma inoculated sugarcane trash (ST), FYM + biocompost + vermicompost in combination (1: 1: 0.5) and 100% chemical fertilizer (RDF) were replicated thrice in RBD. The test crop was COP 2061. The application of different organic sources resulted in a substantial and significant increase in the soil organic carbon in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths after crop harvest. The mean organic carbon differed appreciably and ranged from 0.45-0.67 % in surface and 0.32-0.49 % in sub-surface soil. The organic treatment combination FYM+ BC + VC recorded the maximum organic carbon (0.67%) in the surface soil.ThesisItem Open Access Sulphur fractions and their relationship with properties of Calcareous soil(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Mandal, Bhitesh Kumar; Prasad, S. S.Sulphur is the fourth most major essential plant nutrient after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for plant growth and crop production. In soil, sulphur is found in inorganic as well as organic forms. Organic form of sulphur is associated with soil organic matter. In the fertile soil this sulphur is associated with organic matter and sulphate sulphur (soluble) in the soil solution are adsorbed on the exchange sites of soil clay complex. Sulphur plays a vital role in crop production for cereals as well as oilseeds, pulses, legumes and forages. Cystine, cysteine and methionine are three It has also role in protein production, synthesis of oils in oilseeds, formation of chlorophyll, vitamins, enzymes and odorous compounds in mustard and onion. It plays essential role in increasing the protein and sugar content in legumes and cereals. Its deficiency decreases the chlorophyll content, starch, reducing and non-reducing sugars in plants. Each and every unit of S in oilseed, produces 3-5 units of edible oil and when it is converted into chemical energy, it is equivalent to 111 to 185 KJ. Sulphur is considered as 'master nutrient' for oil synthesis. Intensive cropping system and application of S free chemical fertilisers had led to excessive mining of sulphur from soils which resulting into rising sulphur deficiency. Sulphur exists mainly in two forms as organic S and inorganic S in soil and these forms are inter converted or cycled via mineralization, immobilization, oxidation, reduction and volatilization processes. The soil S can have several fractions like total S, water soluble S, Ca (H2PO4)2 extractable S, heat soluble S, adsorbed S, available S and organic S. All these forms of Sulphur are highly correlated to each- others and also with plant Sulphur content. The study of different fractions of S becomes imperative. Textural makeup of soil, soil reaction, CaCO3 content, organic carbon and other such important soil characteristics control nature and amount of sulphur. Keeping in view of the above fact the present investigation "Sulphur fractions and their relationship with properties of calcareous soils" was carried out with the objective to determine the S fractions and soil properties; to estimate S content and uptake by the crop, and correlation among soil S fractions and soil properties during Kharif 2019 at Dholi Kothi Farm of TCA, Dholi an unique campus of RPCAU, Pusa. All the surface soils were sandy loam in texture. Silt and clay per cent values were high in lowland soils as compared to upland soils whereas sand per cent values were higher in upland soils. The mean value of sand content was 75.77, 72.59 and 71.20 per cent in upland, midland and lowland soils, respectively. The proportion of clay (mean value) was 12.63, 12.97 and 14.48 per cent in upland, midland and lowland soils, respectively. Alkaline soil reaction as depicted by soil pH were noted. The mean soil pH values were 8.28, 8.15 and 8.13 in upland, Mid land and lowland soil, respectively. Whereas safe range of electrical conductivity recorded which was 0.83, 0.76 and 0.77 dS/m in upland, mid land and lowland soil, respectively. The organic carbon content was found low in the surface soil. High CaCO3 content in the surface soils of upland, midland and lowland was recorded and found to be varied in the tune of 18.6 to 30.5 %. The cation exchange capacity of these soil was found in the tune of 13.54 to 23.45 Cmol(P+) kg-1. The biological activities of soil as denoted by dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase activity were found in the tune of 9.12 to 14.72 μg TPF /g soil/ 24 hr. and 12.21 to 26.62 μg PNP /g soil/ hr., respectively. The overall percentage of soil sample low and medium sulphur were 90 and 10 per cent with a mean value of 9.28, 10.59, and 12.22 ppm in upland, midland and lowland, respectively. The proportion of water-soluble S, available S, heat soluble S, non-sulphate S and Organic S to total S were 1.37, 3.68, 9.38, 5.67 and 93.07 per cent, respectively whereas the proportion of water soluble sulphur was 37.1% of available S. Grain and straw yields (q/ha) of rice crop irrespective of land topography varies from 31.98 to 47.21 and 50.26 to 67.45 q/ha, respectively. Highest Grain : straw ratio (0.70) and harvesting index 0.41) of rice crop were recorded in lowland. Total sulphur uptake was higher in lowland as compared to midland and upland and it varied from 8.02 to 11.94 kg/ha with a mean value of 10.37 kg/ha. Available Sulphur balance in soil was found negative in the tune of -6.48 to -5.24, -8.93 to -7.42 and -8.85 to -7.59 kg/ha with mean values of -5.77, -8.24 and -8.10 kg/ha in upland, midland and lowland, respectively. The values of correlation coefficient between soil properties and forms of sulphur without considering topography shows that sand content was highly significantly and negatively correlated with all the forms of sulphur while it showed significance at only 5 percent level with water soluble sulphur. Silt showed significant positive correlation with all the forms of sulphur except non-sulphate sulphur. Clay was positively correlated with all the forms of sulphur except non-sulpahte sulphur. pH, EC showed negative correlation with all the forms of sulphur except non-sulphate sulphur. Organic carbon, CaCO3, CEC, total nitrogen, dehydrogenase and arylsulafatse showed positive correlation with all the forms of sulphur except non-sulphate sulphur. The values of correlation coefficient between soil properties and forms of sulphur in lowland shows that sand was positively and non-significantly correlated with all the forms of sulphur except water soluble sulphur. Organic carbon, CEC, total nitrogen, dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase activity were positively correlated with all the forms of sulphur except non-sulphate sulphur. EC was positively and non-significantly correlated with all the forms of sulphur except organic sulphur. On the basis of results obtained in the present investigation it may be concluded that calcareous soils of Bihar are deficient in plant available suphur to the tune of up to 90 per cent. Organic carbon of the surface soil exhibited positive and highly significant correlation with all forms of sulphur except water soluble and sulphate sulphur indicates urgent changeover in management practices for organic carbon build up in calcareous soil. In low organic carbon calcareous soils, rice crop with recommended dose of fertilizer (including zinc) yields with negative Sulphur balance in soil.ThesisItem Open Access Screening of rice genotypes for sodicity tolerance under calcareous soil(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Upadhay, Ajay Kumar; Kumar, VipinThe present study was undertaken to study the “SCREENING OF RICE GENOTYPES FOR SODICITY TOLERANCE UNDER CALCAREOUS SOIL” during 2019-2020 at the research farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar.The research trial was designed in RBD with 30 plots in each of 3 replication. In farm 30 rice genotypes was taken for evaluating valuable parameters such as yield attributes, nutrient uptake, physiological attributes and sodium – potassium ratio at tillering and preflowering stages to identify or select tolerant and susceptible rice genotypes under salt stress condition. Initial soil parameters were measured to know the quality of soil. Based on results, it was noticed that genotypes such as Rajendra Mahsuri, GPV 1, GPV 3 perform better w.r.t physiological attributes and sodium potassium ratio , yield attributes and nutrient uptake while Rajendra bhagwati, prabhat and Rasi perform poor in these aspect of research.
