Loading...
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
Browse
12 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Variations in Zinc availability and its fractions after Kharif Maize in Calcareous Soil(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Devulapally, Sai Ram; Tiwari, SanjayAn experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019-20 with maize crop at the experimental farm area allotted for Soil Science trials, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. The trial was designed in Randomized Block Design with having the thirteen treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice with four zinc doses i.e. 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1, respectively which was supplemented by zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) during Kharif season . In first set of four treatments, Zn was applied only for the first year while in the second and third set of experiment, it was given at alternate years and every year, respectively along with a control. Collection of soil samples were done at pre sowing stage and after harvest of maize crop. Inferences of the findings clearly indicated that with the increasing doses and frequencies of zinc application, the increase in DTPA extractable zinc in all the three depths were observed. Most of the applied zinc was contributed in upper layer (0-15 cm) of soil than lower layers of soil (15-30 cm). Initial year of using Zinc at varying rates had similar concentrations of Zinc fractions. In every year, Zn application mode, the increasing rates of Zn have significantly higher Zn fraction concentration 5 kg Zn application at alternate years had significantly lower available Zn concentration as compared to Zn application @2.5 kg ha-1 at each year. Most of Zn fractions were accumulated in surface (0-15cm) soil and its concentration declined with increasing depths in all the modes of Zn application. Among all Zn fractions present in soil exist in dynamic equilibrium with each other and grain yield was strongly correlated with all these fractions. Sbo-Zn fraction emerged as most dominant fractions which contributed significantly to maize grain yield and accounted for 94.7% variation in maize yield.An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019-20 with maize crop at the experimental farm area allotted for Soil Science trials, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. The trial was designed in Randomized Block Design with having the thirteen treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice with four zinc doses i.e. 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1, respectively which was supplemented by zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) during Kharif season . In first set of four treatments, Zn was applied only for the first year while in the second and third set of experiment, it was given at alternate years and every year, respectively along with a control. Collection of soil samples were done at pre sowing stage and after harvest of maize crop. Inferences of the findings clearly indicated that with the increasing doses and frequencies of zinc application, the increase in DTPA extractable zinc in all the three depths were observed. Most of the applied zinc was contributed in upper layer (0-15 cm) of soil than lower layers of soil (15-30 cm). Initial year of using Zinc at varying rates had similar concentrations of Zinc fractions. In every year, Zn application mode, the increasing rates of Zn have significantly higher Zn fraction concentration 5 kg Zn application at alternate years had significantly lower available Zn concentration as compared to Zn application @2.5 kg ha-1 at each year. Most of Zn fractions were accumulated in surface (0-15cm) soil and its concentration declined with increasing depths in all the modes of Zn application. Among all Zn fractions present in soil exist in dynamic equilibrium with each other and grain yield was strongly correlated with all these fractions. Sbo-Zn fraction emerged as most dominant fractions which contributed significantly to maize grain yield and accounted for 94.7% variation in maize yield.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of organic and inorganic amendments on salt-tolerant rice genotypes in sodic soil of Bihar(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Mali, Suraj; Tiwari, SanjayA field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2018 and 2019 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Sub Regional Station, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. Experiment was laidout in split plot design with four treatments i.e. T1 - Control, T2 - Gypsum @ 100 % G.R., T3 - Gypsum @ 50% G.R. + Biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and T4 - Biocompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 in main plots and ten rice genotypes G1 - Suwasini, G2 - Rajendra Bhagwati, G3 - Boro-3, G4 - Rajendra Neelam, G5 - CSR-30, G6 - CSR-36, G7 - CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1, G8 - CR-2851-SB-1-2-B-1, G9 - CSR-27 and G10 - Pusa-44 in sub plots and replicated thrice. In this experiment an attempt was made to assess the effect of amendments on soil health parameters i.e. soil physical, chemical and biological properties, rice productivity and nutrient uptake, phenotypic variability, plant water status and photosynthetic pigment‟s content in various rice genotypes. The experimental site has hot and humid summers and too cold winters and soil belong to order Entisol, silt loam in texture at surface containing 10.45% sand, 72.06% silt and 17.49% clay the soil was alkaline pH 9.69 in reaction, electrical conductivity (EC) 2.12 dS m-1 and organic carbon (OC) 2.6 g kg-1. Application of N: P2O5: K2O @ 120: 60: 40 kg ha-1 of urea, diammonium phosphate and murate of potash. Application of fifty percent doses of nitrogen (N), full doses of phosphorous (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) were applied as basal dose and rest fifty per cent of nitrogen was applied in two split dose at 30 days interval and application of inorganic and organic amendment separately in treatment T2 (Gypsum @100% G.R. in 2.5 kg plots-1) and T4 (Biocompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 in 5 kg plots-1) and both inorganic and organic combined application in treatment T3 (Gypsum @50% G.R. in 1.25 kg plots-1 + Biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 in 2.5 kg plots-1). The same treatment is applied on the same plots. The treatment was applied during 2018-19. The organic soil amendments viz., biocompost were provided by Magadh Sugar & Energy Limited Unit - Hasanpur Sugar Mills, Samastipur (Bihar). The results of present investigation were obtained that the wet aggregates stability had significantly improved by CSR-30 followed by CSR-36 as compared to Pusa-44 (check variety). All the amendments significantly improved wet aggregate stability as compared to control. Gypsum application @ 100% G.R. had the highest improvement followed by combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and Pusa-44, CSR-36, CSR-27, CR-2851-SB-1-2-B-1 and Rajendra Bhagwati significantly reduction of bulk density compared to Suwasini. All the soil amendments significantly reduction bulk density as compared to control. Gypsum application @ 100% G.R. had highest effect followed by combination of gypsum and biocompost. CSR-30, CSR-36, CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and CSR-27 significantly decreased soil reaction (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) as compared to the Pusa-44. All the soil amendments significantly decreased soil reaction (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) than the control plot. Gypsum application @ 100% G.R. had highest effect followed by combination of gypsum and biocompost and biocompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 applications had significantly higher organic carbon (OC), available N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and B followed by combination of gypsum @ 50 % G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 applications. Gypsum @ 100 % GR applications had significantly higher available sulphur followed by combination of gypsum @ 50 % G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 applications. Rajendra Neelam, CSR-36 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 genotypes had significantly decreased sodium, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) as compared to CSR-27. All the soil amendments significantly decreased sodium, sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage as compared to the control plot. Gypsum @ 100% G.R. application highest effect followed by combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and exchangeable Ca2+ + Mg2+ had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-36 followed by Rajendra Neelam, CSR-30 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and gypsum @ 100% G.R. application had significantly higher followed by combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application. Most of the salt tolerant genotypes had the significantly improvement in soil biological properties Active carbon, Soil respiration and Autoclave-Citrate Extractable soil protein as compared to check Pusa-44. All the soil amendments significantly improved soil biological properties as compared to control. However biocompost had highest value followed by the combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 applications. Potassium concentration at pre flowering stage had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-30 followed by CSR-27, CSR-36 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by biocompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 application and CSR-36, CSR-27, CSR-30 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 genotypes had significantly decreased sodium concentration and sodium/potassium ratio as compared to Suwasini and Pusa-44. All the soil amendments significantly decreased sodium concentration and sodium/potassium ratio as compared to control. Gypsum application @ 100% G.R. highest effect followed by combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, Zn and Cu uptake in grain had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-27 followed by CSR-36 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by gypsum @ 100% G.R. application and Fe, Mn and Boron uptake in grain and Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, Zn, Cu, Fe Mn and Boron uptake in straw had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-36 followed by CSR-27 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher than the control treatment. All the genotypes had significantly higher mortality count and stress score at vegetative and reproductive stage than the salt tolerant genotypes CSR-36, CSR-30, CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and CSR-27 and all the soil amendment had significantly higher values as compared to combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application. Number of tillers per plant, number of tillers m-2 and number of productive tillers plant-1 and number of filled grains had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-36 followed by CSR-30, CSR-27 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by gypsum @ 100% G.R. application and panicle length, spikelet fertility, weight of 1000 grain, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-36 followed by CSR-27 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by gypsum @ 100% G.R. application. Relative water content and photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll „a‟ „b‟, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) at pre-flowering stage and grain filling stage had significantly higher in genotypes CSR-27 followed by CSR-36 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by gypsum application @ 100% G.R.ThesisItem Open Access Soil health and carbon stock assessment under different agroforestry systems in calcareous soil(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Sarkar, Sudip; Das, Dipty KumarA field-cum-laboratory investigation for soil health and carbon stock assessment under four treatments: Kadamb (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.), Simarauba (Simarouba glauca DC) and Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) plantations and control (without trees) and five replications with soil sampling from two depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) in calcareous soil was undertaken during in the year 2018-19 at Research area of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. Earlier Kadamb plantation was being intercropped with three varieties of Turmeric (Rajendra sonia, Rajendra sonali and NDH-92), and the rest two plantations with four tuber crops [Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus campanulatus, var. Gajendra), Turmeric (Curcuma domestica, var. Rajendra Sonia), Ginger (Zingiber officinale, var.Nadia) and Arbi (Colocasia esculenta, var. Sahasramukhi)] along with the recommended doses of the fertilizers. The objectives were to study soil biological, physical and chemical properties as well as to study carbon stock in trees and soil biomass. Soil properties were tested for significant differences by two way analysis of variance, where agroforestry system considered as first factor and soil depth as second factor. Soil biological properties were assessed four times in the month of June (summer), September (autumn), December (winter) and March (spring), while physical as well as chemical soil properties were analyzed only once in the month of June. There were noticeable improvements of various biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil confirmed in agroforestry systems (AFS) over control plot. Seasonal variations of soil biological parameters were recorded; and in the month of June showed highest biological activities, whereas lowest was recorded during December. Variations of soil biological, physical and chemical properties were also found with soil depths. Availability of plant nutrients was higher in upper layer of soil over lower soil layer. Agroforestry development leads rise of soil organic carbon and storage of soil carbon. Soil carbon stock in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths, in Simarouba AFS was 13.6 and 3.7 per cent higher over Kadamb AFS which in turn had 2.3 and 3.8 per cent higher carbon stock over Litchi AFS, at the respective depths." Averaged over the various agroforestry systems, 86.7% of total tree biomass contributed to the above ground biomass and remaining 13.3 % provided for the below ground biomass. Simarouba trees had 20.5 % higher long-lived carbon storage over Kadamb trees which was 10.9 % higher long-lived carbon storage over litchi trees. CO2 emission mitigation by trees varied from 14.92 q tree-1 by Simarouba trees to 11.16 q tree-1 by litchi trees. Overall Simarouba plantation showed better soil biological, physical and chemical properties followed by Kadamb and Litchi. Simarouba plantation was also found to have significantly higher soil carbon stock than all other treatments irrespective of the soil depths. Thus, this study provided good ideas about potentiality of agroforestry development for sustainable soil use and mitigates atmospheric carbon dioxide.ThesisItem Open Access Potassium pools in calcareous soil after seven year continuous fertilization under rice based cropping systems(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Choudhary, Sarita; Singh, S.P.The different pools of potassium play important role in K contribution from soil to plants. Thus, a trial on “potassium pools in calcareous soil after seven year continuous fertilization under rice based cropping systems” was undertaken in randomized block design with three crop rotation (rice-wheat, rice-mustard and rice-maize) and nine treatments [T1- control, T2-FP, T3-GRD, T4-YT 35q/ha, T5-YT 40 q/ha, T6-YT 45 q/ha, T7-STCR (YT 35 q/ha) + IPNS, T8-STCR (YT 40q/ha) + IPNS, T9-STCR (YT 45 q/ha) +IPNS at Experimental Farm, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar, during kharif-2019 under an ongoing long-term STCR trial. Continuous addition of STCR based fertilizer along with 5 tons compost ha-1 improved soil organic carbon, CEC and different potassium fractions over control, farmers‟ practice and general recommended dose treated plots. Negative potassium balance in soil was recorded under all the treatments and it was more pronounced in rice-maize cropping system than rice-wheat and rice-mustard cropping system. Treatment with STCR (YT 45 q/ha) +IPNS for rice based cropping system was superior over all the other treatments in potassium fractions, chemical and biological properties soil and potassium balance. A highly significant relationship was observed between organic carbon and CEC with among all potassium fractions except feldspars. The potassium in muscovite form dominates over biotite and feldspar K in surface and subsurface soils in all the three rice based cropping systems. Potassium present in different primary minerals varied in the order muscovite > feldspar > biotite in surface and subsurface soils in all three rice based cropping systems. The average contribution of biotite, feldspar and muscovite to total K in surface soils were 6 to 7, 33 to 46 and 48 to 60 percent in all the three rice based cropping systems. Thus, the present study indicate that long term continuous application of STCR based fertilizer with IPNS improved the potassium status and enhance microbial properties as well as potassium balance over FP and GRD in surface (0-0.15 m) and sub-surface soil (0.15-0.30 m).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of graded doses of Boron and grey water on soil properties and yield of tomato in calcareous soils of Bihar(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Dash, Munmun; Singh, A.K.The present investigation was carried out as a part of ongoing experiment under AICRP on IWM Project, during Rabi, 2018-19 at Mansor chawania area of RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar. The experiment was designed in Split Plot Design (SPD) which includes three main plots and four sub-plots, replicated three times. Main plots receiving irrigation levels (I1, I2, I3) of 100% Fresh water, 50% Fresh water + 50% Grey water and 100% Grey water respectively and subplots receiving Boron levels (B1, B2, B3, B4) of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 ,1.5 kg ha⁻¹respectively as Boric acid. Tomato crops were grown as test crop with recommended doses of fertilizer viz. 120:80:80 kg ha⁻¹ of N: P2O5:K2O applied as Urea, DAP and MOP, respectively. The current trial was conducted to investigate the effect of grey water in combination with graded doses of B on soil and response of tomato crop in calcareous soils of Bihar. Based on the results, it was noticed that 100 % (I3) grey water application enhanced overall concentration of micro and macronutrients in post-harvest soil. However, the nutrient status of the post-harvest soils viz. Na, N, K, org. carbon, B, S, Zn & Fe increased by 149.84%, 34.23%, 17.60%, 7.54%, 41.61%, 7.80%, 22.50%, 11.13% respectively over control. Therefore, application of 50 % grey water and 50 % fresh water combining with Boron @ 1.0 kg ha⁻¹ emerged as the best amongst all the treatments and produced better response to tomato crop in respect of yield as well as uptake in B deficient calcareous soil. Hence, in the short term, the grey water used in this analysis does not allow salts and trace metal cations to accumulate in soil.ThesisItem Open Access Soil properties and productivity of rice crop in 35th year of cropping and fertilization under rice-wheat- Sorghum crop(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Rajshree; Singh, Santosh KumarA study was accomplished in an ongoing field experiment under AICRP on Micro Secondary and Pollutant Elements in Soil and Plants, initiated in Kharif 1985 in lighttextured highly calcareous soil. The experiment was designed in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with four fertility levels (0 RDF, 50% RDF, 100% RDF and 150% RDF), two cropping system (Rice-Wheat-Sorghum and Rice-Mustard-Moong) and six replications. The RDF for rice and wheat were 120:60:40; for mustard: 60:40:30; for moong:20:50:30; and for Sorghum:60:50:30. After 10 cropping cycles owing to severe deficiency of micronutrients particularly zinc, on four replications out of six superimpositions (10 kg/ha Zn, 10 kg/ha Zn + 5 t/ha FYM, 10 t/ha FYM and 10 kg/ha Zn + 10 t/ha FYM) were made. The superimposed treatments were applied in alternate years in kharif. The present investigation was carried out in rice-wheat-sorghum rotation in the 35th cropping cycle. The data were analysed using paired t-test do make out a meaningful comparison among superimposed treatments. The analysis revealed that the superimposed treatment (10 kg/ha Zn + 10 t/ha FYM) outperformed all other treatments. A significant improvement in available N, P2O5, K2O and S content over control to the tune of 30.0%, 15.6%, 27.9% and 22.9% respectively was found in surface soil. The organic carbon content also improved significantly. The increase in available Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn content was 93.4%, 13.6%, 14.5% and 0.30% respectively. Soil physical properties viz. penetration resistance and bulk density decreased while volumetric water content, in-situ hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter increased. While comparing the application of 10 kg/ha Zn and 10 t/ha FYM, it is evident that the use of 10 kg/ha Zn significantly improved available S and Zn content in the soil. In contrast, the use of 10 t/ha FYM proved significantly superior in improving soil chemical properties viz. (Organic carbon content, Available N, K) and creating favourable physical conditions viz. (Penetration resistance, Bulk density and in-situ hydraulic conductivity). Application of 10 kg/ha Zn along with 5 t/ha FYM or 10 t/ha FYM in alternate years was found significantly superior over individual use of either 10 t/ha FYM or 10 kg/ha Zn with regards to grain yield, straw yield and nutrient uptake.ThesisItem Open Access Long-term effect of soil test crop response based fertilizer recommendation on soil N-fractions under rice-wheat cropping system(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Minz, Suman; Suman, S.N.Field experiment” was evaluated after seven years to study the “Long-term effect of soil test crop response based fertilizer recommendation on soil N-fractions under rice-wheat cropping system” during Kharif season in 2019-20. Experimental design of the present investigation was RBD which comprising with the 9 treatments viz. T1 - Control, T2 - Farmers Practice (97:57:33 N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1), T3 – RDF (120:60:40 N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1) , T4 -Y1 without IPNS (desired targeted yield with 3.5 t/ha), T5 –Y2 without IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.0 t/ha), T6 –Y3 without IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.5 t/ha), T7 - Y1 with IPNS (desired targeted yield with 3.5 t/ha) , T8 - Y2 with IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.0 t/ha) , T9 - Y3 with IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.5 t/ha) and 3 replications. The purpose of the whole investigation was to study the effect of long-term STCR technology on yield attributing characters, yield and uptake of N, P and K by the rice crop, soil nitrogen fractions, biological and chemical parameters of post-harvest soil under “rice-wheat cropping system in calcareous soil of Pusa”. Among all the treatments, maximum improvement in yield and yield attributing characters of rice crop was recorded in treatment T9 - Y3 with IPNS (desired targeted yield with 4.5 t/ha). It was observed that maximum value of biological and chemical parameters of post harvest soil recorded in treatment T9 - Y3 with IPNS (desired 10 targeted yield with 4.5 t/ha) over the control where no inorganic or organic sources were applied. Post-harvest surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were analyzed for soil nitrogen fractions, biological and chemical properties after the harvest of 7th rice crop under “rice-wheat cropping system” in calcareous soil. Integration of fertilizers along with compost (5 t ha-1) had found to be effective and resulted to give a significant improvement in soil nitrogen fractions. The higher value of soil inorganic nitrogen fraction (NO3--N+ NH4+-N) was obtained in T9 - Y3 with IPNS (98.9 mg kg-1) and the lower value was obtained in T1 - control plot (68.4 mg kg-1). Among organic fraction of nitrogen in soil, total hydrolysable nitrogen varied significantly from 228.60 mg kg-1 in control plot to 305.50 mg kg-1 in T9 - Y3 with IPNS, non-hydrolysable nitrogen varied significantly from 106.30 mg kg-1 in control plot to 125.80 mg kg-1 in T9 - Y3 with IPNS. The higher value of total soil nitrogen was obtained in T9 - Y3 with IPNS (530.2 mg kg-1) and lower value was obtained in T1 – Control plot (403.30 mg kg-1). Significantly Positive correlation was obtained among the various nitrogen fractions and between available nitrogen, organic carbon and with plant parameters which indicated that different fractions of soil nitrogen were present in the dynamic equanimity within the soil and improves the nutrient availability and nutrient uptake by the rice crop. Contribution on the percentage basis of different nitrogen fraction viz. NO3--N, Ex. NH4+-N, non- hydrolysable nitrogen and total hydrolysable nitrogen were 6%, 12%, 25% and 57% respectively and among total hydrolysable nitrogen hexose amine-N, hydrolysable NH4+-N, amino acid-N and hydrolysable unidentified-N were 8%, 26%, 31% and 35% respectively. The significant positive change was observed for nitrogen under T9 - Y3 with IPNS, T8- Y2 with IPNS and T3- RDF than the initial value of soil nitrogen. Soil Test Crop Response based fertilizer application along with the integration of Plant Nutrient System, T9 - Y3 with IPNS was found to be effective to achieve desired targeted yield by the rice crop and also in improvement of different organic and inorganic soil nitrogen fractions.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of herbicides on soil enzymes, nutrient uptake and productivity of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Dash, Lopamudra; Singh, PankajAn experimental field trial was initiated during Rabi 2019-20 using chickpea as the test crop at Dhab area of pusa research of Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar. The experiment was planned in RBD with 7 treatments and 3 replications consisting of four different herbicides viz. pendimethalin (pre-emergence) @ 0.75 kg ha-1, oxyflourfen (pre-emergence) @ 100 g ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl (post-emergence) @ 40 g ha-1 and propaquizafop (post-emergence) @ 0.75 kg ha-1, a combined dose of pendimethalin (pre-emergence) @ 0.75 kg ha-1 and quizalofop-p-ethyl (post-emergence) @ 40 g ha-1, hand weeded plot and weedy plot. Soil samples were collected and analyzed at different stages starting from initial to harvest. Plant height (cm) of chickpea increased with the advancement of crop age and reached maximum value at harvest. Days to 50 % flowering varied between 80-81 days while days to maturity varied between 129-131 days. Oxyflourfen @ 100g ha-1 and propaquizafop @ 0.75 kg ha-1 recorded the highest and lowest nodulation values respectively among the herbicides. The highest values of NPK uptake (kg ha-1) was found to be 56.4N, 7.5P, 22.2K kg ha-1 and 38.2N, 11.3P and 32.4K kg ha-1 in grain and haulm respectively from hand weeded plot while weedy check recorded lowest values and it was found that weeds from weedy check plot recorded severe depletion of nutrients (2.9 kg N ha-1, 0.72 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 5.6 kg K2O ha-1). Higher yield (grain and haulm), nutrient uptake and yield attributing characters were recorded under the weed free plot and minimum under control plot. Among the herbicides treated plots, it was found that the dehydrogenase activity of the soil was least affected by quizalofop-p-ethyl and propaquizafop (2.16 μg TPF g-1 day-1) while oxyflourfen exhibited lowest activity (0.48 μg TPF g-1 day-1). On the otherhand, inhibitory effects of quizalofop-p-ethyl and propaquizafop were more prominent at harvest stage (1.22 and 1.15 μg TPF g-1 day-1 respectively). Highest urease activity was recorded under oxyflourfen (22.9 μg TPF g-1 day-1) while lowest set of activity under propaquizafop (13.8 μg TPF g-1 day-1) treatments. In case of pendimethalin there was no inhibition or stimulation of urease activity during initial days but an increment in urease activity was observed at later stage of crop. The initial alkaline phosphatase activity value was found to be 8.09 μg pNPP g-1 h-1 while the highest and lowest values were recorded under hand weeded (9.37 μg pNPP g-1 h-1) and plot receiving pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 + postemergence application of quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 100g ha-1 respectively. The highest set of microbial biomasses (MBC and MBN) was recorded in the plot treated with pendimethalin (209.6 and 41.9 mg kg-1 respectively) while lowest in oxyflourfen treated plot (138.4 and 21.33 mg kg-1 respectively) among the herbicides. The mean bacterial population ranged between 3.85-5.77 x 106 cfu g-1 of soil and 3.03-4.35 x 106 cfu g-1 and the fungal population ranged between 2.21-3.57 x 103 cfu g-1 of soil at flowering and 1.5 -2.79 x 103 cfu g-1 of soil at harvest respectively due to application of herbicides. It was found that herbicide residues were not detected prominently from any of the plots. However, quizalofop-p-ethyl showed little persistence in treatment T2: Preemergence application of pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 + Post-emergence application of quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 40 g ha-1 (0.006 nanogram per gram soil) and treatment T4: Postemergence application of quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 40 g ha-1 (0.008 nanogram per gram soil).ThesisItem Open Access Influence of organic sources on soil properties, availability and uptake of nutrients in sugarcane plant-ratoon system(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Jyothiraditya, Goka.; Jha, C.K.The present study was conducted in an ongoing University Research Project running in the Department of Soil Science, SRI, Pusa on the second ratoon crop (Ratoon-II) under the sugarcane farming system Plant -Ratoon I-Ratoon II during the year 2019-2020 entitled “Influence of organic sources on Soil Properties, Availability and Uptake of Nutrients in sugarcane Plant- Ratoon System". The treatments comprising of organic sources viz. FYM , biocompost (BC), vermicompost (VC), green manuring with green gram (Vigna radiata), Trichoderma inoculated sugarcane trash (ST), FYM + biocompost + vermicompost in combination (1: 1: 0.5) and 100% chemical fertilizer (RDF) were replicated thrice in RBD. The test crop was COP 2061. The application of different organic sources resulted in a substantial and significant increase in the soil organic carbon in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths after crop harvest. The mean organic carbon differed appreciably and ranged from 0.45-0.67 % in surface and 0.32-0.49 % in sub-surface soil. The organic treatment combination FYM+ BC + VC recorded the maximum organic carbon (0.67%) in the surface soil.
