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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20201
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Subject: Soil Sciences × Author: Mali, Suraj × End date: 2021 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of organic and inorganic amendments on salt-tolerant rice genotypes in sodic soil of Bihar
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Mali, Suraj; Tiwari, Sanjay
    A field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2018 and 2019 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Sub Regional Station, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. Experiment was laidout in split plot design with four treatments i.e. T1 - Control, T2 - Gypsum @ 100 % G.R., T3 - Gypsum @ 50% G.R. + Biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and T4 - Biocompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 in main plots and ten rice genotypes G1 - Suwasini, G2 - Rajendra Bhagwati, G3 - Boro-3, G4 - Rajendra Neelam, G5 - CSR-30, G6 - CSR-36, G7 - CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1, G8 - CR-2851-SB-1-2-B-1, G9 - CSR-27 and G10 - Pusa-44 in sub plots and replicated thrice. In this experiment an attempt was made to assess the effect of amendments on soil health parameters i.e. soil physical, chemical and biological properties, rice productivity and nutrient uptake, phenotypic variability, plant water status and photosynthetic pigment‟s content in various rice genotypes. The experimental site has hot and humid summers and too cold winters and soil belong to order Entisol, silt loam in texture at surface containing 10.45% sand, 72.06% silt and 17.49% clay the soil was alkaline pH 9.69 in reaction, electrical conductivity (EC) 2.12 dS m-1 and organic carbon (OC) 2.6 g kg-1. Application of N: P2O5: K2O @ 120: 60: 40 kg ha-1 of urea, diammonium phosphate and murate of potash. Application of fifty percent doses of nitrogen (N), full doses of phosphorous (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) were applied as basal dose and rest fifty per cent of nitrogen was applied in two split dose at 30 days interval and application of inorganic and organic amendment separately in treatment T2 (Gypsum @100% G.R. in 2.5 kg plots-1) and T4 (Biocompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 in 5 kg plots-1) and both inorganic and organic combined application in treatment T3 (Gypsum @50% G.R. in 1.25 kg plots-1 + Biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 in 2.5 kg plots-1). The same treatment is applied on the same plots. The treatment was applied during 2018-19. The organic soil amendments viz., biocompost were provided by Magadh Sugar & Energy Limited Unit - Hasanpur Sugar Mills, Samastipur (Bihar). The results of present investigation were obtained that the wet aggregates stability had significantly improved by CSR-30 followed by CSR-36 as compared to Pusa-44 (check variety). All the amendments significantly improved wet aggregate stability as compared to control. Gypsum application @ 100% G.R. had the highest improvement followed by combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and Pusa-44, CSR-36, CSR-27, CR-2851-SB-1-2-B-1 and Rajendra Bhagwati significantly reduction of bulk density compared to Suwasini. All the soil amendments significantly reduction bulk density as compared to control. Gypsum application @ 100% G.R. had highest effect followed by combination of gypsum and biocompost. CSR-30, CSR-36, CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and CSR-27 significantly decreased soil reaction (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) as compared to the Pusa-44. All the soil amendments significantly decreased soil reaction (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) than the control plot. Gypsum application @ 100% G.R. had highest effect followed by combination of gypsum and biocompost and biocompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 applications had significantly higher organic carbon (OC), available N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and B followed by combination of gypsum @ 50 % G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 applications. Gypsum @ 100 % GR applications had significantly higher available sulphur followed by combination of gypsum @ 50 % G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 applications. Rajendra Neelam, CSR-36 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 genotypes had significantly decreased sodium, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) as compared to CSR-27. All the soil amendments significantly decreased sodium, sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage as compared to the control plot. Gypsum @ 100% G.R. application highest effect followed by combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and exchangeable Ca2+ + Mg2+ had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-36 followed by Rajendra Neelam, CSR-30 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and gypsum @ 100% G.R. application had significantly higher followed by combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application. Most of the salt tolerant genotypes had the significantly improvement in soil biological properties Active carbon, Soil respiration and Autoclave-Citrate Extractable soil protein as compared to check Pusa-44. All the soil amendments significantly improved soil biological properties as compared to control. However biocompost had highest value followed by the combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 applications. Potassium concentration at pre flowering stage had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-30 followed by CSR-27, CSR-36 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by biocompost @ 5.0 t ha-1 application and CSR-36, CSR-27, CSR-30 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 genotypes had significantly decreased sodium concentration and sodium/potassium ratio as compared to Suwasini and Pusa-44. All the soil amendments significantly decreased sodium concentration and sodium/potassium ratio as compared to control. Gypsum application @ 100% G.R. highest effect followed by combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, Zn and Cu uptake in grain had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-27 followed by CSR-36 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by gypsum @ 100% G.R. application and Fe, Mn and Boron uptake in grain and Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, Zn, Cu, Fe Mn and Boron uptake in straw had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-36 followed by CSR-27 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher than the control treatment. All the genotypes had significantly higher mortality count and stress score at vegetative and reproductive stage than the salt tolerant genotypes CSR-36, CSR-30, CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and CSR-27 and all the soil amendment had significantly higher values as compared to combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application. Number of tillers per plant, number of tillers m-2 and number of productive tillers plant-1 and number of filled grains had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-36 followed by CSR-30, CSR-27 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by gypsum @ 100% G.R. application and panicle length, spikelet fertility, weight of 1000 grain, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield had significantly higher in the genotypes CSR-36 followed by CSR-27 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by gypsum @ 100% G.R. application. Relative water content and photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll „a‟ „b‟, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) at pre-flowering stage and grain filling stage had significantly higher in genotypes CSR-27 followed by CSR-36 and CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1 and combination of gypsum @ 50% G.R. and biocompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 application had significantly higher followed by gypsum application @ 100% G.R.