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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20215
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Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    S election of native Trichoderma strain with Biocontrol potential from sugarcane rhizosystem
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2021) Rajput, Virendra Singh; Dwivedi, Meenakshi
    In the currently studies, Trichoderma samples were isolated from rhizosystem of sugarcane crop. The isolates were vigorously tested for their Biocontrol potential. On the basis of their antagonistic potential against C. falcatum pathotypes Cf 07 and Cf 08, the promising isolates were selected. A total of 27 isolates each were obtained from samples from SRI, Pusa and Harpur Jhilli, Pusa. Based on visual cultural differences, 19 isolates were screened from SRI sample and 16 isolates were from Harpur Jhilli sample. Out of the isolates, T SR 11, T HJ 7, T HJ 14 and T. asperellum stronglyinhibited the growth of the pathogen in vitro. The isolates were then dual cultured with the pathotypes in the presence of fungicides (carbendazim 50 WP and azoxystrobin 23 SC), in order to create a micro-environment so that all the three components can interact with each other at the same time. It was found that carbendazim completely inhibited Trichoderma isolates at all the doses (RD, ½ RD, ¼ RD). Hence it cannot be used with Trichoderma under IDM programme. Whereas, azoxystrobin 23 SC was found to be compatible with Trichoderma isolates. Moreover, it was found to aggravate the growth of Trichoderma isolates and suppress the growth of the pathogen. Inhibition of pathogen by ½ RD and ¼ RD in integrated approach was comparable with inhibition at RD of the fungicide. Hence, it was concluded that azoxystrobin 23 SC could be used in reduced doses (1/2 RD and ¼ RD) with BiocontrolTrichoderma isolates and still would be able to manage the pathogen effectively. Hence, it gives a hope that effective IDM strategy against rd rot could be chalked out including azoxystrobin and compatible BiocontrolTrichoderma isolates.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange)Imbach germplasm for yield potential under Bihar condition
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) P, RAMESH; Nandni, Sudha
    The present work entitled “Evaluation of button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange)Imbach germplasm for yield potential under Bihar condition” was carried out at Advance Centre of Mushroom Research, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur,Bihar as well as Mushroom Unit, T.C.A., Dholi. The button mushroom germplasms viz., IVTB-18-01, IVTB-18-03, IVTB-18-05, IVTB-18-09 and the local strain AB-18-03 were evaluated for different growth characteristics including growth on different media viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Yeast Extract Potato Dextrose Agar (YEPDA), and Compost Extract Agar (CEA) at 7th DAI and 14th DAI under invitro conditions. The Compost Extract Agar media showed the best mycelial growth i.e.39.7 and 86.9 mm after 7th DAI and 14th DAI respectively. The maximum colony diameter was observed in the germplasm IVTB-18-09 after 7th DAI (44.5 mm) and 14th DAI (90.0 mm). The minimum number of days for spawn run in wheat grains were recordedwithIVTB-18-03 (15 days) while spawn runin compost was recorded to be minimum withIVTB-18-09 (15 days). The germplasm IVTB-18-09 was observed with minimum number of days (10 days) taken for casing to pinhead formation, minimum number of days (18 days) for casing to first flush harvest, maximum pileus diameter (44.5 mm) and the highest stipe diameter(52.1 mm), while the germplasm IVTB-18-05 had a maximum stipe length of (20.2 mm). The highest number of fruiting bodies (167 nos.), yield (2298 g)and biological efficiency (32.8%) were obtained from the germplasm IVTB-18-09. The minimum green mould, bacterial blotch, and inky cap incidence occurred in the local strain AB-18-03. Finally concluded that the germplasm IVTB-18-09 wasfound to be suitable for cultivation under the Bihar condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Eco-friendly Management of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris causing black rot of cauliflower
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) PATIDAR, RAHUL; Ranjan, Rajesh Kumar
    Black rot disease is a serious problem in the development of cauliflower, which is one of India's most popular winter vegetables. The pathogen for black rot disease was identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris through morphological and biochemical characteristics. Colony characters development on NSA medium regards to morphological characters. Biochemical test such as gram staining, indole production, nitrate reduction, KOH string test, catalase test and utilization of different carbohydrates for acid production regard as biochemical characters. In vitro evaluation of 30 rhizobacteria against XCC in which 3 isolates found effective and developed inhibition zone of more than 10 mm. RAC 3 isolates developed maximum inhibition zone of 27.03 mm. Aqueous extract of Neem, Garlic, Bael, Datura and Tulsi were effective at 1:1 (w/v). Garlic extract shows maximum inhibition zone of 13 mm and 15.23 mm at 10% and 15% conc respectively, followed by Neem (11.60 mm and 14.40 mm) and Datura (11.20 mm and 13.83 mm). Beal extract shows inhibition zone of 11.83 mm only at 15% conc and Tulsi failed to produced inhibition zone at all three conc. Evaluation of antibacterial chemical indicates that 0.01% conc. of streptomycin sulphate + tetracycline gave maximum inhibition zone of 22.43 mm followed by streptomycin alone (20.44 mm) and chloramphenicol (18 mm) but at higher conc., chloramphenicol @ 0.02 % and 0.03% developed maximum inhibition zone of 25.89 mm and 27.33 mm respectively, followed by streptomycin sulphate + tetracycline (23.89 mm and 26.32 mm) and streptomycin alone (21.33 mm and 23.87mm).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STATUS OF FUNGAL DISEASES OF IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS IN SAMASTIPUR, BIHAR
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) SINGH, NIDHI; Rai, Dinesh
    India is a treasure house of medicinal plants and is endowed with precious genetic diversity. They are not an exception and are also attacked by several pathogens, mainly the fungal pathogens that degrade the quality of medicinal active principle which may lead to health hazards instead of curing the disease. A survey was carried out on fungal diseases of economically important five medicinal plants viz. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Mint (Mentha arvensis) and Mandukparni (Centella asiatica) in MAP germplasm blocks at Dr. RPCAU, Pusa and its neighbouring areas at different time intervals. During the survey, eleven fungal diseases namely leaf spot/ blight (Alternaria alternata), wilt (Fusarium solani) and downy mildew (Peronospora sp.) of Ashwagandha, leaf spot (Colletotrichum truncatum) and leaf blight (Alternaria sp.) of Sarpagandha, leaf spot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and leaf blight (Alternaria sp.) of Tulsi, leaf spot (Curvularia lunata) and leaf blight (Alternaria alternata) of Mint and leaf spots (Cochliobolus sp. and Alternaria sp.) of Mandukparni were recorded. There was an increase in disease incidence during November to January. The overall variation recorded in disease incidence of the medicinal plants varied from trace (wilt and downy mildew of Ashwagandha) to 60 per cent (leaf spot of Mandukparni and Sarpagandha). The PDI also varied from trace to 61.11 per cent among the plants. All the isolated pathogens varied significantly in most of their cultural and morphological characteristics. In vitro evaluation of native Trichoderma asperellum showed effective inhibition against the pathogens. Maximum inhibition percent was recorded against Fusarium solani i.e. 56.36 per cent followed by Cochliobolus sp. i.e. 55.38 per cent. Among the tested botanicals and essential oils, Garlic bulb extract was found most effective against most of the pathogens at both 5 and 10 per cent concentrations in showing complete inhibition (100%) followed by Neem leaf extract which showed maximum inhibition of pathogens (Alternaria spp., Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Curvularia lunata, Cochliobolus sp.) at 5 per cent concentration and Bael extract (Alternaria alternata, Cochliobolus sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria spp., Colletotrichum truncatum) at 10 per cent concentration. This work may encourage other researchers to study these diseases further and their integrated management using biocontrol agents and plant extracts by properly testing their efficacy in the agrifields.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIO-RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT OF CAULIFLOWER
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) SUNITHA, MUMMINENI; Jha, Pk.
    Cauliflower, which is widely grown throughout the world, is one of the most popular vegetable in Brassicaceae family after cabbage in term of area and production across the globe. Alternaria leaf spot or Alternaria leaf blight, which is the most destructive disease of cauliflower crop at vegetable curd stage and seed setting stage, has been attributed to cause 30-50% losses and in most severe case, the losses in yield may reach up to 98% in seed crop. In the present investigation, the pathogen Alternaria brassicae was found to produce typical symptoms of the disease as small, irregular brown spots with concentric rings, also surrounded by yellow chlorotic halo. Later on lesions were found to coalesce forming irregular, brown to dark brown patches with concentric rings. It was also found to affect petiole, stem and curd at later stages. Severely affected seedlings showed dark brown spots with damping off symptoms. In current investigation, four biocontrol agents i.e. the native isolates of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma asperellum as well as commercial formulations of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated for their antagonistic effect on A. brassicae. Among bio-agents, the native isolates of T. viride and T. asperellum were found very effective against Alternaria brassicae with 68.61% and 65.19% growth inhibition, respectively. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of six botanicals (Neem, Datura, Tulsi, Bael, Brahmi, Mandookparni) were tested against A. brassicae. The aqueous extracts of Neem at 10% concentration showed maximum inhibition (54.07%) of target pathogen followed by Datura, Bael. The ethanol extracts of all the test botanicals were able to suppress the growth of the pathogen at all concentrations. At 10% of concentration, Datura and Bael exhibited 100% growth inhibition, at 20% of concentration Tulsi, Bael and Datura were found to exhibit 100% growth inhibition, at 30% and 40% of concentration Tulsi, Neem, Bael and Datura exhibited 100% growth inhibition; while at 50% of concentration, Tulsi, Neem, Bael, Datura and Brahmi exhibited 100% growth inhibition. Nine chemicals were evaluated against A. brassicae by poison food technique at four concentrations of 100ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm. At 100 ppm concentration Propiconazole showed maximum inhibition (76.66%) followed by Mancozeb. At 250ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm, Propiconazole showed maximum growth inhibition (100%) of the pathogen. Different level of inoculum of Alternaria brassicae were evaluated to identify the quantity of inoculum in order to develop sick pot for successful disease development. The application of 5.0 gram of inoculum showed quite poor disease development. By increasing the quantity of inoculum, the disease severity (PDI) was found to increase. The inoculum level of 40g induced maximum disease severity (50.81% PDI), at early stages, some plants showed damping off symptoms and some were stunted. Initially symptoms were expressed as small, irregular brown spots, later on spots were merged to form irregular, dark brown patches with concentric rings. During investigation on integrated management under sick pot condition, the combination of T. viride (applied as soil treatment @ 10g/pot) along with spray of Neem (10%) after appearance initial symptom and spray of Azoxystrobin (0.1 %) after 7-day of Neem spray was found most effective in controlling the disease.