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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20201
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Subject: Plant Pathology × Author: Ravali, Somshetty × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiology and novel management of Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Ravali, Somshetty; Rai, Bimla
    Rice is the second vastly essential cereal crop in India and nearly two-third of humankind depending on it for their food needs. Rice outcomes are inflicted by so many components; they might be biotic components or abiotic components. Sheath blight disease of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is led to severe economic losses if weather variables are favourable for it. Disease symptoms were in round or elliptical or irregular shape, greenish grey, varying from 1-2 cm in length, later gradually enlarged and became greyish white centre with brown margin. Lateral stages infection was spread to upper parts like leaf blade, flag leaf, glum, and grains. In the current investigation seven rhizospheric mycoflora i.e. Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium sp., three Aspergillus species and one unknown isolated from rhizophere soil. T. harzianum and T. viride produced 55.56% and 48.70% of growth inhibition respectively. Four rhizobacteria were isolated from rhizospheric soil, among these RB1 (Pseudomonas fluorescence) and RB2 have shown growth inhibition as 20.86% and 9.30% respectively. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of seven botanicals (Aloe vera, Calotropis, Kanel, Neem, Datura, Bhang and Beal), seven essential oils (Citronella oil, Eucalyptus oil, Cedarwood oil, Nirgundi oil, Lemongrass oil, Clove oil and Neem oil), and eight new chemicals were tested contrary to R. solani. Botanicals were evaluated at 20%, 30% and 40% of concentrations. In the case of aqueous extracts at 20%, 30 % and 40 % of concentration Datura has shown maximum growth inhibition per cent as 85.37 %, 90.56 % and 92.04 % respectively than other extracts and it was followed by Bhang and Calotropis. In the case of ethanol extracts of botanicals at 20% of concentration Calatropis, Datura and Beal have exhibited 100% growth inhibition, at 30% of concentration Neem and 40% of concentration Kanel all so showed 100% of growth inhibition. Essential oils were evaluated at concentrations of 100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm. At 100ppm Neem essential oil showed maximum growth inhibition per cent (51.48%). At 200ppm Cedarwood oil showed maximum growth inhibition per cent (69.26%). At 300ppm Cedarwood oil and Lemongrass oil showed maximum growth inhibition per cent (82.96%) followed by Clove oil (65.56%). Under new chemicals at 50ppm concentration Flusilazole 12.5% + Carbendazim 25%, Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole 50% w/w WG and Carbendazim 25% + Mancozeb 50% WS were showed 100% growth inhibition. Essential oils and chemicals were evaluated at suggested doses in field climate (in vivo) contrary to blight disease. In the case of essential oils, Cedarwood oil @1.0 ml/L has produced 57.38% of disease control and has given 48.24% higher yield than control check, it is followed by Lemon grass oil and Neem oil. In case of new chemicals, Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole 50% w/w WG (75% WG) @1.0 ml/L has produced 86.41% disease control and has given 53.11% higher yield than control check. In the current assessment among 146 germplasm/varieties, 2 were not conference with the disease, has represented with 0 ratings, 81 germplasm have 1 to 3 rating resistant reaction. Disease severity significantly correlated with maximum and minimum temperature, minimum temperature, evening relative humidity, and evaporation. It revealed that high temperatures (30 – 32 0C) and high relative humidity (above 90%) were responsible for the establishment of sheath blight of disease in rice.