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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20221
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Subject: Nematology × Author: LAL, GOWRI G. × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF ROOT KNOT NEMATODE, Meloidogyne incognita ON CHICKPEA THROUGH BIOCONTROL AND BOTANICALS
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) LAL, GOWRI G.; Singh, Uma Shankar
    Chickpea, (Cicer arietinum L.), also called garbanzo bean or Bengal gram is an annual plant of the pea family (Fabaceae), widely grown for its nutritious seeds. This is an important source of dietary protein, vitamins and some minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron), unsaturated fatty acids and fibre is extensively used as a protein adjunct to starch diets. Chickpea is considered the third most important pulse in the world, being widely grown in many subtropical and warm-temperate regions. India is the single largest producer of chickpea in the world, accounting for 65% (9.075 million tons) of the total production under chickpea (FAOSTAT, 2019). Chickpea is mainly grown in India as a rabi crop and is mainly cultivated Maharashtra, M.P., Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Gujarat. In India, the root-knot nematode is reported to reduce its yield from 17% to 60% depending on nematode inoculum density and soil types. The infestation of root knot nematodes is a serious problem world over and causes severe loss in chickpea crop (Bushra Rehman et al.,2012). Among species of the root knot nematode viz., Meloidogyne incognita is more prevalent in Bihar region. An effort was made to conduct a pot culture experiment in the net house of the AICRP Department of Nematology, PG College of Agriculture, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar, in order to reduce the losses caused by the root knot nematode to evaluate the ecofriendly management of root knot nematode, through organic amendments such as Neem cake, Mustard cake, Castor cake and Pongamia cake along with the biocontrol agent of Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Purpureocillium lilacinum & Pochonia chlamydosporia on growth of chickpea variety BG 3043 and multiplication of Meloidogyne incognita. Three replications and 12 treatments were used in the experiment's completely randomised design. With the least amount of root knot nematode multiplication, chickpea However, alternate treatments consisting of a single application of organic amendment and a combined application were just as successful in notably improving plant growth and lowering nematode infestation. In comparison to the untreated check, the treatment with Neem cake @ 10 g/pot resulted in 99% increase in plant height, 93% increase in root length, 94% increase in fresh root weight, 95% increase in fresh shoot weight and 94 % increase in yield. In comparison to the untreated check, host infection was reduced by 88 percent, 68 percent, and 77 percent in terms of the quantity of galls, egg masses, nematode population in soil and root grew the fastest under T1 (soil treatment of neem cake @ 10 g/pot at 7 days before seed sowing). The bio-control agents viz Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pochonia chlamydosporia either singly or in combined application shown significant improvement in plant growth and development and in declining nematode population. The T4 (P. lilacinum @ 10 g/pot) was determined to be the most efficacious. However, chemically treated plants with Cartap hydrochloride @ 5g/pot had the lowest nematode population, number of galls/plant and Reproduction factor (Rf). In comparison to the untreated check, the treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/pot resulted in 99 % increase in plant height, 100 % increase in root length, 94 % increase in fresh root weight, 89 % increase in fresh shoot weight and 94 % increase in yield. In comparison to the untreated check, host infection was reduced by 90 percent, 70 percent, and 79 percent in terms of the quantity of galls, egg masses, nematode population in soil, and root. The results of the study showed that using biological controls and organic amendments was more effective at reducing the population of M. incognita. According to the study, organic amendments and biocontrol agents had effects that were comparable to those of cartap hydrochloride. Therefore, bio agents other than nematicides can be applied.