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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Subject: Home Science Extension Education × Author: BEHERA, ARPITA × Start date: 1980 ×
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    DISCRIMINATION AGAINST GIRL CHILD: – A CRITICAL STUDY IN HARPUR AND BHUSKAUL VILLAGES OF PUSA BLOCK AT SAMASTIPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) BEHERA, ARPITA; Kumari, Arunima
    Every child is equally vital in society for maintaining social balance. The environment for children should be full of peace, prosperity, fairness, and dignity. But in reality, discrimination affects the purity of social equilibrium between boys and girls which creates a huge difference between the two sexes. Our country touches the tip of success in different fields like education, technology, mass media, and so on but some old-fashioned taboos and culture hampered the value of girls in society. It also affects the growth and development of each girl in every stage of life. Discrimination against girls occurs in both higher- and lower-class families and the pattern of discrimination is highly complex. Some stereotypes related to discrimination gradually encroach on every girl's freedom of choice, suppressing the balance between males and females and dragging our society into a bad state. The present study entitled “Discrimination against girl child: – a critical study in Harpur and Bhuskaul villages of Pusa block at Samastipur district of Bihar” was conducted in Harpur and Bhuskaul villages of Samastipur district of Bihar with four objectives a) To find out the socioeconomic status and personal characteristics of the respondents, b) To know the discrimination prevailing followed by people in the research area, c)To know the extent of discrimination practiced by the people d)To find out ways and means to reduce discrimination to understand every criterion of discrimination against girls. For conducting this research researcher selected 120 respondents which means 60 adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years from Harpur village and 60 adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years from Bhuskaul village by using simple random sampling method. Further to know about the discrimination in the study area a well-structured interview schedule was developed and with the help of that schedule primary data was collected from the respondents. The collected data were analyzed with the help of appropriate statistical tools like frequency, percentage, correlation, and ranking method to make data more authentic, meaningful, and informative. The study found that socio economic variables like age (most of the respondents were within the age of 18), caste (most of the respondents were belonged to OBC category), religion (all the respondents were Hindu), marital status (all the respondents were unmarried), family type (most of the respondents had nuclear family), family size (most of the respondents had 5 members in their family), housing type (equal distribution was showed in this category), education (most of the respondents belonged to secondary and higher secondary education), fathers occupation (most of the respondents‟ fathers worked as labourer), mothers occupation (most of the respondents‟ mothers were housewives), annual family income (the range varied from 50,000/- to 1lakh) and exposure to mass media (most of the respondents used mobile phone). The findings of discrimination in various fields revealed that in the case of decision making the majority of respondents' families controlled their daughters' wearing and grooming styles, whereas the majority of respondents never had the opportunity to participate in their families' financial matters. In the case of educational opportunities, most of the respondents had the highest acceptance of studying with their own interests, whereas most of the respondents' parents did not compel their daughters to study hard. In the case of nutrition, most of the respondents got sweets, beverages, and other snacks whereas most of the respondents mothers did not pressurize their daughters to eat more food and did not give them special meals during menstruation. In the case of health and hygiene, all the respondents maintained general body cleanliness during baths and kept their garments neat and clean on a daily basis whereas most of the respondents did not use iron and calcium tablets for nutritional fulfillment of the body. In the case of resource allocation, most of the respondents rode bicycles to school and college, while most of the respondents had no idea about ATM cards. In the case of socialization and social recognition, most of the respondents parents allowed their daughters friends to visit home whereas most of the respondents were not allowed to went on school or college picnics and were also not allowed to worship God during menstruation. The findings of the extent of discrimination disclosed that in the extent of decision making most of the respondents had the high mean score in allowed to make only household decisions with no financial implications whereas low mean score in attitude towards voting. So, the high and low mean scores of the rest of the parameters of the extent of discrimination were completely mentioned in the results and discussion. The correlational findings of the extent of discrimination showed that the education of the respondents positively and significantly correlated with discrimination at 5% level whereas the occupation of both parents, annual income of the family, and exposure to mass media was positively and significantly correlated with discrimination at 1% level. However, some variables such as age, caste, family size, family type, and housing pattern are completely insignificant with discrimination whereas educational opportunities were positively and significantly correlated with decision making at 1% level whereas nutrition, health, resource allocation, and socialization and social recognition were negatively and significantly correlated with decision making at 1% level. The last objective was the conceptual framework of ways and means to reduce discrimination. The present study indicated that discrimination was found in every stage and discrimination had an adverse effect on girls in the study area.