Thumbnail Image

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

Browse

2014 - 20175
Reset filters
Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic studies of high temperature tolerance in early sown Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Anushree; Pandey, Anil
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic studies of high temperature tolerance in early sown Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]” was carried out with 35 Indian mustard genotypes including two checks (Pusa Mahak and Pusa Mustard-25) from AICRP-RM centres located around India. These genotypes, under laboratory condition, were evaluated for seven physiological characters under three temperature stresses (25, 30 & 35oC) at germination for selection of three thermotolerant sources to be used as testers (Line x Tester Design). Same 35 genotypes, under field trial, were evaluated in RCBD with three replications at Research Farm of TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar for 21 morpho-physiological-quality attributes (including 4 traits at two phenological stages; pre-flowering (30 DAS), and post flowering (60 DAS) for variability and diversity studies under early sown (06.10.2014) conditions at 32.20C temperature during Rabi 2014-15. Three thermo tolerant testers crossed with seven lines to get 21 crosses and these 31 genotypes (21 crosses i.e F1s + 7 lines + 3 testers) were evaluated in RCBD with three replications for same set of traits during Rabi 2015-16 for line x tester analysis under early sown (05.10.2015 at 35.10C temperature) conditions for combining ability and heterosis studies. Best thermo-tolerant genotypes reflecting superiority in physiological traits at germination upto 35oC in Lab. Experiment were RAURD-78 (EL, RL, SL, SDW and VI); NDRE-7 (EL, RL, RSR and VI) and TPM-1 (EL, RL & RSR). High GCV, PCV, heritability in broad sense coupled with high genetic advance under selection at 25, 30 & 35 0C was reflected by RSR, SDW and EL whereas, in field experiment by LAI & SDW (30 & 60 DAS), CGR, SB/pl and HI thus indicating preponderance of additive gene action which could be effectively utilized by Brassica breeders. NRC-DR-2, RAURD-78 and Pusa Mahak (Oligogenotypic clusters) alongwith TPM-1 and NDRE-7, based on physiological traits at germination; whereas DRMR-150-35, TPM-1 (Oligogenotypic clusters) along with Rajendra Sufalam, RAURD-78, KMR-10-2 and Pusa Mahak (morpho-physio-quality traits field evaluation trial) were promising divergent genotypes, reflected overall usefulness of Pusa Mahak, RAURD-78 and TPM-1 with superior per se performance for EL, HI , DPM-Early and DME (TPM-1; VI, SDW at 30 DAS, RL and LAI ( RAURD-78 and EL, SDW at 30 DAS and OC (NDRE-7) further validated their performance as thermotolerant parents utilized in hybridization. High yielding, divergent genotypes with superiority in many component traits were DRMR-150-35, Rajendra Sufalm, PM-28, NDRE-4 and Pusa Mahak, out of which DRMR-150-35, Rajendra Sufalam and Pusa Mahak were most suitable from divergence studies further proved their genetic worth. SDW, EL and RSR (25, 30, 35oC) at germination stage and HI followed by SS, DPM & LPMA (field trial) reflected maximum contribution towards total divergence. There was no parallelism between genetic diversity and their geographical distribution and sizeable number of morpho-physiological-quality traits at different phenological stages (germination, pre-flowering at 30 DAS & post flowering 60 DAS) highly influenced the group constellation of 35 Indian mustard genotypes. The cross between genotypes of cluster II x VI, IV x V, V x VI and III x IV (lab. evaluation) whereas, V x VII, VI x VII (Field Evaluation) were expectedly more divergent based on their inter-cluster distance. Interestingly crosses attempted in L x T design, namely RH-30/TPM-1 (cross no. 4), Varuna/TPM-1 (cross no. 16) and PM-25/TPM-1 (cross no. 19) were also among divergent combinations (both Lab & Field D2 set basis) further validated their importance. Positive, significant association coupled with high positive direct effect of DPM, HI & SB/pl revealed the importance of these traits while selecting for high temperature tolerance under early sown Indian mustard. Most reliable and yield predictor characters were SB/pl and HI as they also reflected high heritability coupled with high genetic advance under selection. The best general combiners, on the basis of GCA and per se performance were NRC-DR-2 (SLW at 30 DAS, CC at 60 DAS and LAI at 30 DAS), RH-30 (SLW at 60 DAS and PB/pl), Rajendra Sufalam (SLW at 60 DAS and 1000 SW), NDRE-7 (Early DFFO & DPM), TPM-1 (SS) and RAURD-78 (PB/Pl). The crosses based on SCA, standard heterosis (SH) and per se performance, namely RH-30/RAURD-78, Rajendra Sufalam/NDRE-7, PM-25/RAURD-78 and RH-8814/TPM-1 were ranked as top yielders. The crosses RH-30/RAURD-78, involving both good (HxH) general combiners might be useful in heterosis breeding. The crosses involving HxL or LxH general combiners, namely Rajendra Sufalm/NDRE-7, and PM-25/RAURD-78 may throw desirable segregants and effectively utilized in transgressive breeding programme. Thus, the present study reflects the usefulness of RAURD-78, NDRE-7 and TPM-1 as good source of thermotolerance for early sown mustard as well as divergent genotypes and good general combiners for 1000 SW, Early DFFO & DPM and SS (both high GCA and per se basis) respectively. Four best economic crosses for SY/pl were RH-30/RAURD-78, Rajendra Sufalam/NDRE-7, PM-25/RAURD-78 and RH-8814/TPM-1 also reflected superior economic heterosis for SLW (60 DAS), CGR, PH (60 DAS) tall, PB/Pl & SB/Pl in all these crosses alongwith individually superior economic heterosis for PH (30 DAS), DFFO (late), DPM (late), DME & SOMS (RH-30/RAURD-78), 1000 SW & OC (Rajendra Sufalam/NDRE-7); DPM late (PM-25/RAURD-78 and RH-8814/TPM-1). These superior economic heterotic F1s significantly out yielding in yield alongwtih above mentioned morpho-physiological and quality attributes may subsequently be utilized in future breeding endeavours. Amongst all the morpho-physio-quality characters (lab. & field trails) harvest index proven its merit as most important character which contributed maximum towards total divergence, significant positive association and high positive direct effect toward yield alongwith high h2 (bs) and high GAM was most important determinant and yield predictor for the thermo-tolerant mustard genetic enhancement under early sown conditions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hetoric grouping for photo-thermal response in relation to yield and yield attributes in green gram (vigna radiata L. Wilczek)”
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Kumar, Chandan; Mishra, S. B.
    The present investigation in green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) was undertaken with a view to examine the extent of heterosis and to elucidate the combining ability effects of parents and their hybrids using half diallel (excluding reciprocal) mating design. The initial experimental materials consisted of forty genotypes selected from different sources. Based on morpho-physiological traits and agro-meteorological indices, six diverse parents exhibiting differential response to heat stress were selected and their fifteen crosses were evaluated in randomised block design for terminal heat stress during summer, 2016 at Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur. Analysis of variance of forty genotypes for the first season clearly indicated that, there were highly significant difference among the genotypes for all the traits studied. The range of difference in mean value was comparatively wide for almost all the morpho-physiological traits and agro-meteorological indices showed greater extent of variability among the genotypes for these traits. Heat use efficiency (HUE) showed significant and positive association with seed yield (SY) and indicated that their effective utilization for screening of heat tolerant lines in green gram. Most of the characters were mutually and significantly correlated with each other and these characters must be considered to enhance their yield potential and selection for terminal heat tolerant genotypes in green gram. Regression analysis revealed that the traits like, photo thermal index (PTI) and heat use efficiency (HUE) recorded maximum values of R2. The step-down regression analysis showed 93.30 per cent adjusted R2 indicating the sufficient variation possessed by these traits/indices. Based on index score two tolerant genotypes from index IV (Pusa Baisakhi and SML-668), two moderately tolerant genotypes from index XV (NDM-12-308 and Pusa Vishal) and two susceptible genotypes from index X (IPM-99-01-10 and Pusa-1231) were selected as diverse parents with Samrat as heat tolerant check and were used in crossing programme. Analysis of variance for parents and hybrids showed highly significant mean sum of square due to genotypes for all the characters. It indicated existence of significant difference among the genotypes for the characters studied. An examination of per se performance of parents and crosses revealed that parents viz., Pusa Baisakhi, SML-668, NDM-12-308 and Pusa Vishal had exhibited high mean performance for seed yield and other yield attributes. The analysis of variance for combining ability showed that gca and sca variances were highly significant for most of the characters. The ratio of σ 2g/σ 2s revealed that all the characters manifested less than unity which indicated preponderance of non-additive genetic effect for inheritance of these characters. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents Pusa Baisakhi and SML-668 were good general combiner for seed yield and yield attributes. As regards to specific crosses combinations Pusa Baisakhi X IPM-99-01-10, Pusa Vishal X IPM-99-01-10, Pusa Baisakhi X SML-668 and Pusa Baisakhi X Pusa Vishal recorded high per se performance along with significant sca effects. These crosses also exhibited highly significant standard heterosis for seed yield and its component traits which may be utilized for further breeding programme. Based on parental diversity and heterotic response the parents separated by high genetic distance (D2) showed high heterobeltiosis in their hybrid combinations. However, the parents separated by medium to low genetic distance exhibited medium to low heterobeltiosis for seed yield. So for planning future breeding programme for higher seed yield under terminal heat stress in green gram, diverse parents should be taken into consideration.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Heterosis and combining ability study in rice genotypes under drought condition
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Kumar, Santosh; Singh, N. K.
    Realizing the potential of hybrid rice to increase productivity, the present study entitled “Heterosis and Combining Ability study in rice genotypes under drought condition” was carried to generate information regarding combining ability, gene action, heterosis for yield and yield attributing traits. The experimental material comprised of a half diallel cross, excluding reciprocals. 45 single crosses were generated in Kharif 2015 by intermating the ten parents in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals. All the crosses and parents including check (Sahbhagi dhan) were evaluated for various agronomic traits at the Experimental Farm of DRPCAU, PUSA during Kharif, 2016. The experimental design used was randomized complete block design with three replications. The observations were recorded on 15 morpho-agronomical traits viz. days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, chlorophyll content, tillers per plant, leaf rolling at vegetative stage, leaf drying at vegetative stage, relative water content, panicle length, recovery per cent after stress, root length, root volume, grains per panicle, 1000- grain weight, harvest index and grain yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The variance due to GCA and SCA was found significant for all the traits revealing that both additive and non-additive gene effects were important in the inheritance of these traits. The estimate of dominance variance (σˆ2D) was higher than their corresponding additive genetic variance (σˆ2A ) for most of the traits, However, both additive and non-additive genetic components were found equally important. None of the parents showed significant GCA effects in the desired direction simultaneously for all the traits studied. However, based on significant positive GCA effects for grain yield and components traits analysis RAU1421-12-1-7-3, IR87707-182-B-B-B and Sahbhagi dhan were found most promising. For grain yield per plant, fifteen hybrid combinations had positive significant SCA effects. All these cross combinations were observed to have significant SCA effects for most of yield component traits. For grain yield per plant five promising crosses namely Vandana X Richharia, RAU-1415-35-76-9-5-3-4 X Dhanlaxmi, RAU 1451-66-1-1-5-1 X Vandana, IR87707-182-B-B-B X Dhanlaxmi and RAU-1415-35-76-9-5-3-4 X IR87707-182-B-B-B under drought condition involved predominantly poor x average, poor x poor, good x poor and good average combiners. Correspondence between SCA effects and per se performance was recorded for most of the traits. Average degree of dominance was in over dominance range for most of the characters. The estimate of heritability (narrow sense) was recorded low in this experiment. Significant and desirable heterotic effects were observed for most of the characters studied. Maximum standard heterosis for grain yield Per Plant was registered by IR87707-182-B-B-B X Sahbhagi dhan fallowed by RAU-1415-35-76-9-5-3-4 X IR87707-182-B-B-B, IR 64 X Sahbhagi dhan and RAU 1421-12-1-7-3 X Sahbhagi dhan. Frequency of heterotic crosses and magnitude of heterosis for yield and its components were found to be higher in crosses between the parent with intermediate genetic distance than the extreme ones. The reason for this could have been linkage of alleles for biomass and yield. On the basis of mean performance, SCA effect and heterosis estimates, the cross combination namely, RAU 1451-66-1-1-5-1 X RAU-1415-35-76-9-5-3-4, RAU 1451-66-1-1-5-1 X Vandana, RAU-1415-35-76-9-5-3-4 X IR87707-182-B-B-B, RAU-1415-35-76-9-5-3-4 X Dhanlaxmi, RAU 1421-12-1-7-3 X Sahbhagi dhan, IR87707-182-B-B-B X Richharia and IR87707-182-B-B-B X Sahbhagi dhan were found suitable for higher grain yield.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetics of agro-morphological yield determinants in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
    (RAU, Pusa (Samastipur), 2014) Singh, Chandra Mohan; Mishra, S. B.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Generation Mean Study for Yield Components in Rice (Oryza sativa L).
    (RAU, Pusa (Samastipur), 2014) Kumar, Alok; Singh, N. K.