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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20231
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × Author: V, ANIRUDH T × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2023 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessing the effect of Heat stress at reproductive stage in Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and their molecular characterization
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) V, ANIRUDH T; SINGH, SATISH KUMAR
    The current experiment entitled “Assessing the effect of Heat stress at reproductive stage in Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and their molecular characterization” was conducted during rabi season 2022-2023. Experiment was undertaken featuring the 30 bread wheat genotypes in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replications under timely(normal) and late sown(heat stress) condition was conducted in Research Farm RPCAU Pusa. Data was recorded on the parameters like Plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling duration, grain filling rate, SPAD, canopy temperature, soil temperature, number of grains per spike, number of effective tillers per plant, thousand grain weight, relative water content, spikelet fertility, pollen fertility, heat susceptibility index. The investigation involved assessing the level of genetic variability, the relationship among the different parameters studied, direct and indirect effects, genetic diversity and molecular diversity with trait specific SSR markers. All the genotypes have shown decreased performance for parameters including spikelet fertility, grain weight, and pollen fertility with the exception of genotypes 41ESYT 102, 9th HPYT 440 for increased Pollen fertility under heat stress condition. Analysis of variance under both timely and late sown environments showed that significant variation exists among the genotypes for all the traits, suggesting that selecting appropriate genotypes based on performance of traits could lead to successful outcomes. Traits with high heritability associated with high Genetic advance as per cent of mean exhibited by number of grains per spike, number of effective tillers per plant, and grain filling rate. Trait grain yield per plant had a substantial positive alliance with Grain filling rate, SPAD, Number of effective tillers per plant, thousand grain weight, Number of grains per spike, Spikelet fertility, Pollen fertility and Relative water content under both conditions. It had a substantial negative alliance with Canopy temperature, Soil temperature, Plant height and Heat susceptibility index. CT revealed negative relation with Grain yield per plant and Grain filling rate indicating that elevated CT leads to yield reduction under heat stressed environment. Attributes like Grain filling rate, SPAD, Number of grains per spike, Number of effective tillers per plant and Relative water content must be prioritised in the selection process for crop improvement as they are positively correlated with grain yield per plant and also has a strong direct effect on grain yield per plant and also the remaining traits contributed indirectly to grain yield. Correlation and direct ,indirect effects implied SPAD, Grain filling rate, Relative water content, Spikelet fertility and Number of effective tillers per plant would be dependable and efficient as they illustrated positively strong association with grain yield per plant and positive interrelation among themselves and also through indirect effects of remaining traits on grain yield per plant. 30 bread wheat genotypes under timely sown environment were clustered into Ⅵ clusters, whereas into Ⅳ clusters under late sown condition. Cluster Ⅲ and Ⅵ reported maximum inter cluster distance followed by cluster Ⅳ and Ⅴ, whereas cluster Ⅲ and Ⅴ reported minimum inter cluster distance under timely sown condition. Under late sown condition , inter cluster distance was recorded maximum and minimum between the cluster Ⅰ and Ⅱ and cluster Ⅱ and Ⅳ respectively Genotype SSN-2021-13 can be selected as suitable donor parent for traits like Grain filling rate, Number of grains per spike, Number of effective tillers per plant, spikelet and pollen fertility and Relative water content under timely sown scenario. Genotype 41 ESWYT-102 can be used in breeding programs for advancement in characters such as number of grains per spike, pollen fertility and Number of effective tillers per plant. Genotype NEST-19-22 will be effective in improvement for SPAD and Grain yield per plant. 26 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used for estimation of molecular diversity in the 30 bread wheat genotypes. These markers produced distinct and scorable bands for the genotypes used. All the 30 genotypes were classified into 5 clusters, Cluster Ⅳ had maximum of 16 genotypes and minimum number of genotypes obtained in Cluster Ⅱ having 2 genotypes. Magnitude of similarity coefficient between 11th HPYT 414 and SSN-2021-13 , followed by11th HPYT 425 and SSN-2021-13, was determined to be maximum. Dissimilarity coefficient was maximum between 11th HPYT 431 and 38 SAWSN 3253, followed by 11th HPYT 431 and 41ESWYT-102.