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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × Author: G, SHARATHKUMAR × Start date: 2019 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE GERMPLASM USING PHENOTYPIC TRAITS AND GENOMIC MARKERS
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) G, SHARATHKUMAR; DR., NILANJAYA
    The present study was carried out at Rice research farm, Pusa, Samastipur, (DRPCAU, Bihar, India) in the Kharif 2021 to evaluate germplasm for phenotypic and molecular characterization. Examination was carried out on diversity, path analysis, character association, and genetic divergence for eleven yield ascribing character via, days to fifty percent blooming, days to physiological maturity, height of plant, length of panicle, panicles per plant, spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, grain length, grain breadth, Test weight and grain yield per plant. Experiment was laid out in three replications in RBD. Molecular characterization of forty germplasm using Ten polymorphic SSR marker targeting five chromosome was done for molecular diversity analysis. ANOVA has shown exceedingly significant variation among the lines for eleven yield ascribing phenotypic traits. spikelets per panicles, panicles per plant, and grain yield per plant portrayed very high GCV and PCV indicating the importance of these traits in guesstimate for selecting the genotypes. The character like panicles per plant, height of plant, length of panicle, spikelets per panicle, thousand grain weight, seed length and seed yield per plant showed high heritability of characters coupled with high genetic enhancement as per cent of mean demonstrating the preponderance of additive gene action. So, direct selection for these traits may be useful for future advance of genotypes. The character like days to maturity, days to fifty percent flowering and grain breadth had shown high heritability coupled with the moderate genetic advance per cent mean designates the both additive and non-additive action of gene so that selection can be practiced in later generation that is during the selection of segregation generation. Correlation study revealed that the panicle length and panicles per plant had shown the high significant characters association with seed yield per plant indicating selection for these characters will simultaneal improv the other character and will give desired result. The path analysis shown that number of panicles per plant, panicle length and grain length had shown high direct effect in positive direction, selection for this trait will leads to substantial improvement in grain yield per plant. Divergence study by D2 statistic revealed the VII clusters for forty germplasm in which cluster I and II having highest number of lines (i.e., nine in each cluster) and cluster VII is mono-genotypic. The cluster VI and cluster: I exhibited high inter cluster distance crossing between these cluster will yield the superior transgression line which is rewarding for the plant breeding program which show highest mean for the days to maturity, days to fifty percent blooming, spikelets per panicle, and grain breadth respectively and lowest mean for thousand grain weight and grain yield per plan. The hybridization can be even performed in between cluster VI and VII, cluster V and IV and cluster: III and IV which will yield good transgressive line due to their variability. The percentage contribution towards divergence was observed maximum form traits like thousand grain weight, days to 50% blooming, panicles per plant, grain length and spikelets per panicle Selection for traits like this will be rewarding and had more scope for improvement for this trait. Amplification reaction was performed with forty rice germplasm by ten microsatellite primer pair namely RM511, RM324, RM5791, RM279, RM3825, RM15780, RM24390, RM28130, RM15791 and MRG 2894 targeting 5 chromosomes of rice, all primer pair were amplified and given polymorphic scorable band Polymorphism was recorded on the presence and absence of respective genotype band and also from number and position of band. High polymorphism was shown by MRG2894, RM28130, RM511, RM5791, RM324 and RM15780 this primer can be further utilized for the characterization, fingerprinting and claiming the intellectual right. The total of 56 allelic variant are recorded of which 3 are unique allele and 53 were shared allele with forty germplasm by ten SSR primer. Single unique allele produced by RM511, RM24390 and RM28130 and all remaining seven primer produced shared allele ranged from four to seven. The average amount of polymorphic information in each primer was 0.729, and 10 primers were used to guide the amplification of 56 alleles. The number of alleles produced by each primer varied from 1-2 per locus, with an average of 5.6 alleles per primer. 3.29 alleles were found for each of the 17 loci that were amplified using ten primers and forty samples of germplasm. Unique alleles for particular genotypes were discovered using SSR analysis, which might be used as DNA fingerprints. The use of ten SSR markers in the analysis of rice entries unveiled a remarkable higher level of genetic polymorphism, which permitted unique genotyping of forty germplasm included in the investigation.