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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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2019 - 20204
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Subject: Food and Nutrition × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2019 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on the impact of energy dense nutritive food on health and nutrition of infants and young children
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Sahu, Aparna; Singh, Usha
    The first 1000 days of life i.e. the interval between pregnancy and first two years of life is regarded as a critical window for boosting optimum growth, behavioural development and health. It caters a window of opportunity to intervene, avert growth faltering, malnutrition and diseases in infants and young children and furnish a strong foundation for physical and mental performance in coming years and better quality of life. Infancy is a period of rapid growth and development constituting 0 to 12 months of age and young children are typically referred to as infants in the first year, but as they enter the second year of life and become more mobile, they are usually called toddlers, from about 12 months to 36 months of age. Infants grow speedily between six to twenty-four months age and require more nutrients in relation to their body size. They are vulnerable to dietary imbalances and deficiencies. Malnutrition in infants and young children typically develops during the first 6 to 18 months of life and is mainly due to poor intake of nutrient and energy dense diets, comprising principally of starch-rich staples which are provided along with breastfeeding. Hence, this study was designed and performed at thirteen Anganwadi Centres of Harpur panchayat, Pusa block of Samastipur district. After paying several visits and using a standard questionnaire, a total of 268 infants and young children of six to twenty-four months were enrolled under this study. Using WHO child growth standards and processing the obtained anthropometric parameters, it was observed that the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight rate found to be 33.21, 13.06 and 20.90 per cent respectively while the outbreak of severe stunting, severe wasting and severe underweight were 1.49, 5.97 and 1.49 per cent respectively. So, in order to combat malnutrition an energy dense nutritive food (EDNF) was prepared making use of ingredients like peanut, skim milk powder, sugar, wheat, green gram dal and ghee. This EDNF has paste like consistency, smooth texture, ready to use, easy to carry and requires no refrigeration. It provides about 500 to 550 Kcal energy and 14 to 16 gram protein per 100 gram. For acceptability of prepared EDNF, the simplest and widely used sensory evaluation test was adopted, called as 5-point Hedonic Rating test. All the malnourished infants and young children along with their mothers tasted it and the mothers assigned a score to all the attributes of EDNF. The scores obtained for colour, appearance, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability were found to be 4.45 ± 0.51, 4.35 ± 0.58, 4.75 ± 0.44, 4.80 ± 0.41, 5 ± 0 and 5 ± 0 respectively. So, it can be concluded that the energy dense nutritive food is well accepted and liked very much by the malnourished infants and young children and can be used for treatment of malnutrition among infants and young children. Further, it is recommended to increase energy and other nutrient in food through the inclusion of other food groups in daily diet of children in order to maintain minimum dietary diversity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An appraisal of nutritional status of adolescent girls with reference to socio-economic background
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Das, Debjani; Kumari, Sunita
    Adolescence is one of the most crucial periods in an individual life cycle. It is one of the complex periods and in this particular period an individual requires special care and attention, because it is the time when body requires more nutrients. During this period, proper dietary habits and correct nutritional knowledge is very important for their proper physical, mental, cognitive and overall growth and development. There are various factors which affect adolescent’s health and nutritional status directly or indirectly such as inadequate nutrition, lack of awareness about health and nutrition, early marriage, high migration rate and so on. Poor socio economic status and low literacy level is a significant aspect which often leads to under nutrition in adolescent girls. Several recent studies have reported that adolescent girls from every corner of India particularly from rural areas had poor health status and the roots of this problem was found that most of the adolescents were not aware about proper dietary pattern and also lack of nutritional knowledge. Freedom from poor health and nutritional status is a basic human right for every individual. Proper nutritional knowledge and dietary pattern could be a significant step towards breaking the vicious cycle of poor nutritional status and also change the attitude towards wrong practices of food consumption. The present study was carried out with the objective to assess the nutritional status and to screen the anaemic adolescent girls belonging to different socio-economic groups. To impart nutrition education, giving dietary counselling, monitoring the dietary habits and assess the impact of nutrition education on the adolescent girls. On the whole, there are 20 blocks in Samastipur district. Pusa block was selected out of the 20 block purposively for this study. From the selected block, two villages (Bhuskaul and Harpur) were chosen. The study was carried out on 100 adolescent girls belonging to 15-19 years age group and categorized them into three socio-economic groups i.e. lower class, middle class and upper class. A well structured interview schedule was developed in order to extract relevant information from the selected respondents. The information related to dietary intake, food habit and knowledge about the food was obtained through interview schedules and food consumption of the subjects was assessed using a 3 days 24-hour dietary recall method. To assess the impact of nutrition knowledge of adolescent girls, pre and post test were conducted. Data were investigated as per the objectives of the study. The qualitative and significant data were coded, tabulated and compiled to draw meaningful inferences. Based on general information out of total subjects, maximum of respondents belonged to General caste i.e. 42 per cent. Remaining 29 per cent, 20 per cent and 9 per cent of respondents were from OBC, Backward caste and SC category respectively. Majority of the respondent i.e.75 per cent were Hindus whereas only 25 per cent respondents belonged to Muslim community. Out of total 100 respondents, majority of the subjects were from nuclear family i.e. 73 per cent and 27 per cent were from joint family. Around 41 per cent of respondents had 2-6 family members, 30 per cent had 7-9 family members and 29 per cent had more than 10 members in family. Data on anthropometric measurement showed that with increasing age (15-19) years the mean height and weight almost increased in all socio-economic groups but when initial height and weight was compared with standard values a gradual decline were found. Out of total 100 subjects, the prevalence of severe thinness, moderate thinness and mild thinness among respondents were found to be 8 per cent, 14 per cent and 38 per cent respectively. Only 38 per cent of respondents had normal BMI. It was found that two per cent of respondents were lying in category of overweight. Results of haemoglobin status showed that in lower class the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anaemia were found to be 41.02 per cent, 23.08 per cent and 3.85 per cent respectively. In middle class family, 28.57 per cent girls suffered from mild anaemia and 14.29 per cent girls suffered from moderate anaemia. Around 25 per cent girls belonging from upper class suffered from mild anaemia. It showed that adolescent girls from lower class were found to be more anaemic as compared to middle class and upper class. It was observed that almost every adolescent girl preferred consuming fast food. Skipping of breakfasts and snacks were also more in those selected girls. Average daily intake of foods stuffs and nutrients by respondents of each income group was very less as per the recommended values. The present study indicated that the nutritional status of adolescent girls was poor in each income group irrespective of their class. Before imparting nutrition education and dietary counselling, it was observed that none of the adolescent girls of any income groups had proper nutritional knowledge and dietary habits. But after imparting nutrition education and counselling, positive changes were seen in adolescents of every income group. Further it was also observed that the intake of all food stuffs and nutrients was slightly increased by respondents of each socio-economic group. So from the findings of present study it can be clearly concluded that lack of awareness of nutritional knowledge, poor dietary habits along with low economic status can be adversely affect the nutritional status of adolescents. It also showed that proper nutritional knowledge can influence the consumption pattern and change the attitude towards wrong practices of food consumption and also improve the nutritional status of the consumer.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of dietary counseling on nutritional status of the pregnant women and their birth outcome
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Ayushree, BR Abha; Kumari, Sunita
    Pregnancy is a stage of highest anabolic activity when the speedy rate of development takes place. The normal period of pregnancy is 280 days (forty weeks) from the first day of the Last Menstrual Period (LMP). Throughout pregnancy, the growing foetus is entirely dependent on the mother’s diet. Maternal nutrition is vitally important for sound health of the child, as well as for the infant’s long term development. In the present study, a total of 40 pregnant women at first trimester of aging 17-30 years were selected from Harpur panchayat in Pusa block, Samastipur district, Bihar. The division of subjects were done on the basis of two groups; first the control group with monitoring of weight gain through schedule and second the experimental group with dietary counselling including monitoring of weight gain. Dietary counselling was provided to the selected subjects in a unified manner through various nutritional speeches, group discussions, slideshare presentation and illustrations for 6 months. The impact of the study was assessed in respect of development in dietary consumption, anthropometric, haemoglobin level and weight gain of the selected mothers in each month until delivery. The result of the study showed that dietary consumption of foods from different food groups significantly Name of the student : BR ABHA AYUSHREE Registration number : M/FN/480/2018-19 Degree to be awarded : Master of Science (Community Science) Department : Food and Nutrition College : College of Community Science Major advisor : Dr.(Mrs.) Sunita Kumari Total pages of research work : 86 pages + (i-xii) bibliography Title of the research problem : “Impact of dietary counseling on nutritional status of the pregnant women and their birth outcome”. increases in the experimental group after providing counselling however the nourishment still remained insufficient. Consumption of various food groups was higher in both the groups after imparting dietary counselling but a significantly greater increase in the consumption of pulses along with legumes, cereals along with millets, GLV‘s, fruits, sugar with jaggery, fats and oils, meat, fish, poultry products, milk and milk products was seen in the experimental group in contrast to control group because of positive effect of dietary counselling on their dietary intake. A significant effect of dietary counselling was seen in the consumption of different nutrients like energy, protein, fat, β-carotene, vitamin-C, folic acid, calcium and iron of the experimental group. The weight gain during pregnancy was also more in the experimental group in contrast to control group due to positive effect of dietary counselling on their dietary consumption. The mean haemoglobin level of the subjects in experimental group was 11.31±0.47 g/dl. It was observed to be higher as compared to control group where the mean Haemoglobin level was 11.00±00 g/dl which caused a decrease by 15 per cent in moderate anaemic subjects of the experimental group. The neonate’s birth weight in the experimental group was significantly greater than the control group whereas the occurrence of low birth weight (LBW) in the control group was relatively more as compared to experimental group. Nutritional status of the pregnant mothers showed positive correlation with newborn’s birth weight. Newborn’s birth weight was estimated to be positively related with age, education and pregnant mother’s nutritional status. Thus, dietary counselling determined to be an essential factor in development of subject’s maternal and child weight gain. The study suggests that dietary counselling ought to be a vital part throughout pregnancy to achieve maternal nutritional status and child health status.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development and evaluation of ready to use infant food
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) N., Lavanya; Singh, Usha
    Infancy is defined as the period from birth to approximately two years of age. Young children are typically referred to as infants in the first year. To study the nutritional status, feeding pattern and food diversity gap among infants and young children two villages namely Harpur and Deopar have been purposively selected. For the study 60 infants and young children were selected by random sampling technique. Among 60 infants and young children, majority of them were girls (32) and rest were boys (28). A total of 70.1 per cent fathers and 68.34 per cent mothers of the infants and young children couldn’t complete their education even upto the level of matriculation. The monthly income range of the 90 per cent families had been Rs.3,334 to Rs.12,500 only. A good percentage (26.67 %) of children are not getting complementary food at the age of 6 months and they are being continued only on mother’s milk. While concerning the number of food groups consumption, 50 per cent children are not getting minimum 5 food groups in their daily diet. It has been concluded that only 28.33 per cent children were found to be normal in the study area. Rest 71.67 per cent children were having problem of undernutrition that has been depicted through stunted; wasted; wasted and underweight; stunted and underweight; and wasted, stunted and underweight. The percentage of underweight children was highest (28.33 %), followed by 18.34 per cent children wasted and underweight, 10 per cent wasted and 5 per cent stunted and underweight. Out of the total population studied, 10 per cent children were observed to be wasted, stunted and underweight which puts the children in danger zone. The prevalence of stunting has come to 43.33 per cent. For the development of ready to use instant food mixes, the locally available foodmaterials like peanut, ragi, wheat, rice, maize, sugar, milk powder and ghee had been procured from the local market of Pusa