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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Subject: Food and Nutrition × Author: CHOUDHURY, SUSHREE SANGITA × Start date: 2015 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF IRON RICH MILLET BASED BAKERY PRODUCTS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) CHOUDHURY, SUSHREE SANGITA; Chaudhary, Gitanjali
    Millets are enriched with many health-promoting constituents like proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fibres, fats, minerals and phytochemicals. Along with millets, some pseudocereals also gain their nutritional importance in present scenario due to abundance of proteins, phenolic acids, minerals, amino acids, dietary fibres and unsaturated fatty acids. Generally food use of millets has been confined to only traditional consumers. Therefore, different processing methods of millets was used to develop value-added products which would diversify their food uses. This present investigation was designed to develop iron-rich millet-based bakery products and the impact of developed products on haemoglobin level of adolescent girls (17-19 years). To achieve this objective, millet grains were germinated, milled into flour and millet biscuits were developed by combining them with other raw ingredients. In this present investigation five different types of millet biscuits were developed by taking wheat flour as control. After standardization of biscuits, the organoleptic and physico-chemical analysis were carried out for selection of nutritionally superior millet-biscuit. The organoleptic score revealed that overall acceptability for all the developed biscuits were ranging from 8.26 ± 0.02 to 7.99 ± 0.02 which indicated that all the developed biscuits come under the category of liked very much to liked moderately. Among them T5 was recorded highest organoleptic score with overall acceptability score of 8.23 ± 0.01 next to control. Among all the treatments including control, T5 was nutritionally superior and significant (p<0.05) pertaining to 2.29 ± 0.02 per cent ash, 22.14 ± 0.01g fat, 6.38 ± 0.02g crude protein, 2.39 ± 0.05g crude fibre, 3.95 ± 0.03mg iron; on the other hand control was nutritionally less superior and significant (p<0.05) in terms of 1.79 ± 0.02 per cent ash, 21.15 ± 0.02g fat, 5.62 ± 0.05g crude protein, 1.53 ± 0.05g crude fibre, 2.89 ± 0.02mg iron per 100g when compared with other treatments. Other than this T5 had 4.00 ± 0.01 per cent moisture, 62.80 ± 0.04g carbohydrate, 475.96 ± 0.26kcal energy, 1.44 ± 0.03mg zinc, 104.33 ± 3.52mg total phenolic content, 66.66 ± 0.88mg tannin, 274.66 ± 3.71mg phytate per 100g. Even though T5 possessed higher tannin content and phytate content than other treatments, its level was lower than the maximum acceptable daily intake of tannic acid and phytate for human being. Based on the organoleptic score and iron content, T5 millet biscuit that comprised of 10:10:2.5:7.5:20 ratio of wheat flour, pearl millet flour, foxtail millet flour, finger millet flour, amaranth seed flour was selected for the intervention study. Experimental adolescent girls (30) who fell in the Hb level range of < 8 to 11.9g/dl were intervened with 250g of T5 millet biscuit for a period of 45 days in order to complement 1/3rd of the regular need of iron for adolescent girls. The mean increase of weight i.e. 0.43kg and the mean increase of BMI i.e. 0.18 kg/m2 was observed at the end of intervention for experimental girls. The mean increase of haemoglobin level after intervention of T5 millet biscuit was found to be 1.24 g/dl in experimental girls which indicated the positive impact of millet-biscuit on haematological health of anemic adolescent girls. It was also observed that after 45 days of intervention, 26.67 per cent severe anemic subjects advanced to the moderate anemic category, 43.33 per cent respondents of moderate anemic group were shifted to the mild anemic group and 30 per cent ended up remaining in the category of moderate anemic, however the range of haemoglobin levels increased positively after intervention.