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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
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ThesisItem Open Access ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT OF COMPUTER USERS AND IT’S IMPACT ON THEIR HEALTH(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) DANDASENA, SASMITA; Kala, ShishirIn today’s world majority of the people are using computer and it has made our life very much easier. As the whole world is passing through the COVID-19 pandemic, almost all the works are done though online using computer or laptop. It is estimated that at least 75 per cent of the works are done through the use of computer, but the people are unaware about the health consequences of the computer use. Working with computer may cause poor eyesight problems, musculoskeletal disorders, arthritis in fingers and computer stress injuries, which are caused by bad posture adopted by the users and sitting in one position for a prolonged period of time. Health problems of the computer users are mainly associated with the duration of computer use, improper computer workplace and the various environmental factors like positioning of computer screen, keyboard and mouse. In the coming year the figure of people working with computer is considerably increasing. So it is very much crucially important to identify the problems of computer use and to resolve soon rather than in an effort to eradicate the problems. The present study was conducted in Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Uma Pandey College and Block Office of Pusa Block, Samastipur, Bihar as there were a lot of active computer users. This research was carried out to identify the musculoskeletal health problems and other computer related health problems. Therefore considering all the points the following objectives have been undertaken to study: to know the socio-economic and working profile of the computer users, to explore the anthropometric measurements and work environment of the computer users, to find out musculoskeletal disorders and other related problems of the computer users and to determine the effect of computer usage on health of the users. Results from the study showed that half of the respondents were male and another half were female, among them majority of the users (48.33%) belonged to age group 20-30 years and (43.33%) belonged to age group 30-40 years. The results also revealed that majority of the respondents were post-graduate (75%) having monthly income more than RS. 20,000. More than 50 per cent of the Respondents (53.33%) were using spectacles and 66.67 per cent had placed their computer at an angle 450-600. Majority of the computer users were working at average level of nature of work and 23.33 per cent of them had worked in poor level of nature of work. Respondents had faced neck pain (86.67%), eye pain (83.33%), lower back (51.67%), shoulder pain (40%), headache (36.67%), upper leg and lower leg (36.67%). Field experiment through Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool showed that 75 per cent of the computer users had medium risks and changes in their postures required soon. Computer users had also experienced vision problems like eye watering (73.33%), double vision (70%), eye strain (55%), dry eyes (50%), difficulty in focusing (46.66%) and burning sensation (46.66%), while working with computer. Variables like age, income, gender, education and work environment of the computer users were significant relation with the difficulty in eyes of the respondents and work environment of the users was inversely proportional to the difficulty in eyes of the respondents. It was concluded that the work of the computer users was sedentary type which gradually develops chronic illness because of the bad postures adopted by the computer users, while performing their work on computer.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON ROLE OF WOMEN IN ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT OF FARM FAMILIES OF PILIBHIT DISTRICT IN UTTAR PRADESH(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) KUMARI, NEETU; Kala, ShishirAgriculture is India's economic backbone; with secretarial services accounting for more than a quarter of the country's gross inland product (GDP). Cultivation employments over half of the country's total population either directly or indirectly. According to India Labor Force Survey 2016-2017, the agriculture industry employs over 47 per cent of the overall population, with women accounting for completed 75 per cent of the cultivation labour power. 62 per cent of the country's people lives in country areas, where females work side by side with men in the cultivation sector, dairy and poultry farmed and livestock from dawning to dusk with zeal and zest, causative to the improvement of their particular family incomes to appreciate a better active standard. This study was mainly aimed to observe and investigate the socio-economic profile of the women, economic management and involvement of women in agriculture activity, income generation activity and constraints faced by the respondents of a particular area. The study was conducted at barkhera block and lalaurikhera block in Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh. For the purpose of the study, 60 respondents were selected randomly. Some Personal, Demographic Variables and some Socio-Economic Variables were included as the independent variables while their personal & socio economic was taken as dependent variable for this involvement in agriculture activity and income generation activity. Data were collected with the help of a pre-designed structured interview schedule. After collection of data to analyze the correlation among them, appropriate statistical tests and tools were applied and computed i.e. Frequency and percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean ± Standard Deviation & Correlation Co-efficient The findings of socio -economic and personal characteristics of farm women showed that the majority of respondents (51.66%) are in the medium age group (36-50 years old), followed by 31.66 per cent in the young age group (up to 35 years old), and 16.66 per cent in the old age group (50 years Above). Social participation of respondents (81.66%) usually communicated with their family members and friends, followed by 71.66 per cent respondents were involved in Cultural activity, 40 per cent of them were engaged in SHG (Self Help Group), 38.33 per cent of the farm women participated in Kisan Mela and about 26.66 per cent of women leads in various activity. The findings expressed that the female of the farm families spent 83.33 per cent in clothing, 75 per cent in family expenditure, 68.33 per cent in farm labour management followed by 66.66 per cent in marketing activities, 63.33 per cent in financial planning, 61.66 per cent in education, 58.33 per cent in home & electronic media and only 36.67 per cent in cosmetics products respectively. To save money, 93.33 per cent women were having bank account, 85 per cent respondents were using LIC schemes and other Bima policy. It was also found that 71.66 per cent respondents were using piggy bank followed by 70 per cent and 6.66 per cent respondents in post- office accounts and self-help group respectively. The explained that land holding was found to be highly significant among all the selected independents variables with the economic management of the respondents. The other independent variable such as age, education, family type, and income were found to have positive significant with the economic management of the respondent. It indicated that more the land holding of the respondent better will be the economic management correct of the respondents. The variables viz. Age, family type & land holding were found to be highly significant relation with constraints. Education and income were also found to be non - significant relation.ThesisItem Open Access PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN UTTAR PRADESH(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) BACHANA, KM.; Kala, ShishirThe world is suffering with an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that had spread all over the world. Along with its high infectivity and fatality rates, the COVID-19 has caused universal psychological impact by causing mass hysteria, economic burden and financial losses. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with significant occupational stressors and challenges for front line healthcare workers (HCWs), including COVID-19 exposure risk. Healthcare workers fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are under tremendous pressure, which puts them at an increased risk of developing psychological distress problems. This study sought to assess the psychiatric symptoms of healthcare workers, identity protective factors contributing to psychological stress and evaluate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ayodhya district of Uttar Pradesh, India. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (i.e., doctors, nurses, paramedics, administration staff and supporting staffs) during the COVID-19 in Ayodhya district, Uttar Pradesh and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. A study, interview-based survey was conducted in January 2021 among healthcare workers during the COVID-19. COVID-19 pandemic poses a unique medical challenge to the humanity in recent times. The psychological impact of the pandemic itself and the lockdown in particular is likely to be huge. Around 75% of respondents had a medium level of knowledge about particular information, while 83.33% had a medium level of knowledge about current information on the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting the medical authorities in Uttar Pradesh. According to the study, 78.33% of health-care professionals had a medium level of psychiatric symptoms, 58.33% had a medium level of protective factors contributing to psychological stress and 68.33% had a medium level of psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) face a substantially higher risk of infection and death due to excessive COVID-19 exposure directly as the result of providing care to patients with COVID-19. In addition, attention to negative or neutral information about the COVID-19, receiving negative feedback from families and friends who joined front-line work, and unwillingness to join front-line work if given a free choice were three major factors for these psychological problems. Psychological problems are pervasive among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Receiving negative information and participating in front-line work appear to be important risk factors for psychological problems. The psychological health of different healthcare workers should be protected during the COVID-19 pandemic with timely interventions and proper information feedback.ThesisItem Open Access ERGONOMIC EVALUATION OF WOMEN TEA PLUCKERS IN BISWANATH DISTRICT OF ASSAM(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) KASHYAP, ALINDA; Kala, ShishirAssam has developed to become the world's largest tea-producing province and India's largest tea-producing state. Tea accounts for 17% of the state's revenue. Assam is the name given to the characteristic black teas grown in India's largest tea-growing area. Tea production is important to India's economy, and it is the world's second largest employer. Assam is responsible for 55% of India's total tea production. The tea industry is a labor-intensive industry that employs a considerable number of women (approximately 52 percent of the total workforce) (Government of India, 2015). Women make up around half of the workforce in the Assam tea industry, which is notably prevalent in plucking and field labour. The delicate hands and quick fingers of women are more suited to plucking tea leaves, and this skill is a significant component of Assam's outstanding tea quality. Tea pickers must work in a range of climates and perilous scenarios while maintaining an uncomfortable static position. Females carry their work in typical casual postures, which leads to musculoskeletal disorders and, eventually, drudgery since they are oblivious to the cost of energy and other bodily exertion. The study was conducted in the Biswanath district of Assam. The Biswanath Tea Company's Dekorai tea estate is one of the highest-quality tea-producing estates in the world. From a total of 612 women tea pluckers, 60 (sixty) respondents were chosen at random for the study's analysis. During the peak plucking season, all responders were chosen at random from the tea estate's workforce. The main purpose of the study was to ergonomically evaluate the tea plucking activity of the women tea pluckers and to provide suggestive measures for improving the work efficiency. Keeping in view the objectives of the study, the primary data related to the respondents, tea production and plucking was gathered with the women with incorporating already designed personal interview schedule. The secondary data pertaining to anthropometric measurement of respondents, physiological problem was collected during the plucking activity. The results of the study revealed that the socio-economic life of the women tea pluckers was woeful. Their monthly earning was not sufficient to meet all the needs of the members being in extended family type. Majority of the respondents were involved in the activity for more than thirty years which implicates that they are likely to develop work related musculoskeletal disorders. Increased rate of illiteracy resulted in the women respondents not being conscious about their rights and benefits. Lack of awareness was the root cause. Ache in the body, neck, head; pain in shoulder, hand and wrist; very severe level of discomfort in shoulder, hand/wrist and lower back were the problems reported by the respondents. The problem of blood pressure was noticed in majority of the respondents, mainly it was high in the respondents with high age group. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment urge the need for further investigation and changes to be done soon. The value of mean physiological cost of work was 6.01 bpm, mean energy expenditure was 6.87 kj/min. Z-test revealed the Z values for blood pressure and heart rate are 2.20 and 3.20, respectively. The majority of respondents exhibited average behaviour with regard to work-related, organisational, and familial factors. The physiological workload finding suggested that an age-related imbalance between physical workload and physical work capacity might lead to chronic overload, raising the risk of long-term health problems like musculoskeletal complaints and diseases. Thus, there is a need to develop awareness, knowledge, and training programmes for improving working conditions and body posture, as well as ergonomic interventions, in order to reduce women's drudgery at work and increase productivity. Thus, by identifying the risk factors implementing ergonomics solutions should be planned for occupational setting considering the women workforce, and a new system must be developed comprising of work method redesign, work accessories design and rescheduling of activities. Necessary design intervention and ergonomic solutions were observed for the tea pluckers. A strict supervision system must be formulated to check their work habits.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ONLINE AND OFFLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOUR AMONG UNDERGRADUATE GIRL STUDENTS OF SANGSANGRE, WEST GARO HILLS, MEGHALAYA(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) TAKHELLAMBAM, AELENA; Kala, ShishirA critical understanding of purchase intention across both the physical and virtual world is mandated, since blooming of online retail has presented purchasers with much more varied alternatives via the new business version. Despite the tremendous rise of online retail trade, yet people prefer the age-old legacy of making purchases from physical stores, taking a manual illustration, and then making a purchase. As a result, platforms such as Flipkart, Amazon, Snapdeal where one can find everything are still not able to replace offline stores completely. The worldwide COVID-19 outbreak has had a profound effect on society and economy across the globe, disrupting every industry and altering the way we do things like shopping, working, or even living. So as a response to the catastrophe, now more than ever we are witnessing the shift from traditional store-based shopping to internet shopping. So, this transition era has driven researchers to study on shopping behaviour of consumers. Name of the student : Aelena Takhellambam Registration number : M/FRM/144/2019-20 Degree to be awarded : Master of Science (Community Science) Department : Family Resource Management College : College of Community Science Major advisor : Dr. Shishir Kala Total pages of research work : 62 pages + (i-iv) bibliography Title of the research problem : “COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ONLINE AND OFFLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOUR AMONG UNDERGRADUATE GIRL STUDENTS OF SANGSANGRE, WEST GARO HILLS, MEGHALAYA.” This study solely focuses on three factors: One is the consumer‘s behavior, risk factors of both the medium, and the other is the consumers preference regarding the two mediums. Through the new transaction model, the emergence of online retailing has provided consumers with more diverse choices. This has enabled heterogeneous consumers to adopt different purchasing strategies. Using the z-test and ranking method, the study examined purchasing behaviour, risk factors, and preferred medium of purchase, and discovered that factors such as tangibility, authenticity, quality, and instant gratification lead customers to prefer offline purchases. Other than quality and authenticity, factors such as offers and discounts, replacement transaction security, and cash on delivery systems attract consumers online over offline, and the choice of medium is influenced by products and consumers‘ convenience. Hence, there is a difference in customer behaviour, with customers preferring to shop online.
