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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Subject: Family Resource Management × Author: ANGELA, A. × End date: 2024 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DRUDGERY ASSESSMENT OF WORKERS IN MAKHANA PRODUCTION IN BIHAR
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) ANGELA, A.; Kala, Shishir
    Makhana, also known as foxnut or gorgon nut, is an aquatic plant endemic to South East Asia and China that belongs to the Ferox species of the Nymphaeaceae family. Its scientific name is Euryale ferox. Fortunately, the majority of its commercial cultivation is restricted to India, and even then, primarily to the northern regions of Bihar. Makhana is primarily produced in the districts of Madhubani, Dharbanga, Sitamarhi, Saharsa, Katihar, Purnea, Samastipur, Supaul, Kishanganj, and Araria. The Makhana seed is used to prepare a variety of sweets, including roasted and popped sweets. When makhana is grown for its vegetables, the fully formed, almost-matured fruits are harvested before they burst, and they are then sold as premium vegetables in the marketplaces. Young fruits and leaf petioles are consumed as salad in some areas of Manipur. It is regrettable to say that women's contributions to Makhana production in Bihar have not yet been emphasised. Even the seeds of matured fruits are used to prepare a variety of local cuisines. Research on women in Makhana production is frequently hampered by a lack of data because this field of study has been slower than others to acknowledge the significance of gender. To evaluate the socioeconomic, participation, drudgery, and musculoskeletal issues in Makhana production at the state or national level, very few studies have been undertaken. . In light of these factors, the current study was carried out in the wellknown Makhana-growing district of Madhubani, Bihar, in order to evaluate the socioeconomic profile, the participation of workers in various Makhana production system activities, drudgery, and musculoskeletal issues in Makhana production. The employees' tasks include making ponds, planting seeds, transplanting seedlings, harvesting, and collecting seeds from pond muck. Female responders and their husbands tend to focus on seedling transplantation and harvesting. Women are involved in the first roasting, second roasting, storing at room temperature, and packing of pop Makhana, according to the processing perspective, and a few of the female respondents also worked with their husbands on the Makhana production system. Age was found to be positively connected and significant with the laborious tasks required in cleaning the pond or field, transplanting, filling in gaps, weeding, applying pesticides, and harvesting using the correlation co-efficient and fisher t test. The results suggest that as respondents' ages rise, so does their level of pain. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) is used to assess respondents' musculoskeletal problems over the previous 12 months, including neck pain (67 percent), right wrist/hand pain (52 percent), and lower back pain (78 percent). Next, respondents' inability to perform routine tasks over the previous 12 months was assessed for in their neck (80 percent), shoulder (50 percent), elbow (43.4 percent), and lower back (80 percent) (73.3 percent). According to an ergonomic assessment of workers in the makhana processing industry, the average resting heart rate is 85.9 bpm, the working heart rate can reach 112.86 bpm, and the recovery heart rate is 104.36 bpm—a little less than the average working heart rate. The results showed that the cardiac costs associated with work and recovery was 134.83 bpm and 92.33 bpm, respectively. The sum of the cardiac costs associated with work and recovery, or 227.16 bpm, represents the entire cardiac cost of work. It is determined that the mean physiological cost of work is 22.71 bpm.