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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
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ThesisItem Open Access Performance of rice varieties at different moisture regimes under direct seeded condition(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Adilakshmi, Guda; Kumar, RajanTo evaluate the present investigation “Performance of rice varieties at different moisture regimes under direct seeded condition” was carried out at Crop Research Centre of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during Kharif (2018) in split plot design with three replications. The treatments in main plot consisted of four moisture regimes i.e., M1-AWD at 3 Days (Irrigation was applied at 3 days after disappearance of ponded water), M2-AWD at 5 Days (Irrigation was applied at 5 days after disappearance of ponded water), M3-Saturation level till physiological maturity (Irrigation was applied at zero soil moisture potential) and M4-10 % of moisture depletion (Irrigation was applied at 10 % moisture depletion of Field capacity) and in sub plot consisted of three varieties i.e., V1-Rajendra Neelam, V2-Abhishek and V3-Rajendra Saraswati. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam, alkaline in reaction (pH 8.42), low organic content (0.46%) and Free CaCo3 (26.7%) is high. The result showed that plant growth and yield attributes like plant height, number of tillers/m2, LAI, dry matter production (g/m2), crop growth rate (g/m2/day), number of panicles/m2, panicle length, number of grains/panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, N, P and K uptake by crop, gross return, net return and B: C ratio were found to be maximum with the moisture regime of AWD at 3 Days (M1) which was significantly superior to M2 and M4 but was found statistically at par with M3. Harvest index, N, P and K content in grain and straw were not influenced significantly by moisture regimes. WUE and Water productivity was found maximum with M1 which was significantly superior to all other moisture regimes. Growth characters and yield attributing characters like plant height, number of tillers/m2, LAI, dry matter production (g/m2), crop growth rate (g/m2/day), number of panicles/m2, panicle length, number of grains/panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, N, P and K uptake by crop, gross return, net return, B: C ratio,WUE and Water productivity were found to be maximum with variety Rajendra Neelam (V1) which was significantly superior to V2 and V3. Harvest index, N, P and K content in grain and straw were not influenced significantly by different varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of long term tillage and nutrient management practices on maize productivity and soil health(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Naik, Banavath Mahesh; Kumar, MritunjayA study on ongoing experiment “Impact of long-term tillage and nutrient management practices on maize productivity and soil health”, was made during kharif season 2018. The study site is located at research farm of Trihut College of Agriculture, Dholi (plot no 7). The design was spilt-plot with three tillage practices viz., zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and permanent bed (PB) as main plot and three nutrient management practices viz., 100% RDF, SSNM and RDN 60% + GSGN (Green seeker guided N application) as subplot. The results indicated plant height of maize crop was significantly influenced by both tillage and nutrient management practices. Higher plant height was observed in PB and RDN 60% + GSGN treatments as compared to other treatments. Similarly, yield attributes viz., no of cobs/ plant, length of the cob, no of grains/cob and test weight were significantly superior in PB and RDN 60% + GSGN treatments. However, plant population and ear height were non-significant among the treatments but superior values were recorded with PB and RDN 60% + GSGN treatments as compared to other treatments. Whereas, yield attributes viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and girth of cob were also non-significant among the treatments but days to 50% flowering and days to maturity was early in ZT and SSNM treatments. The ZT and PB increased yield to a tune of 14.1 and 22.7% in cob, 12.2 and 22.7% in grain, 14.1 and 23.2% in stover and 19.3 and 22.6% in stone yields of maize as compared to CT, respectively. However, harvest index showed non-significant difference among the tillage practices. Across the nutrient management practices, SSNM and RDN 60% + GSGN increased yield to a tune of 6.7 and 13.9% in cob, 8 and 17.5% in grain, 8.7 and 15.2% in stover and 3.6 and 5% in stone yields of maize over 100% RDF respectively. The maximum NPK content and uptake was found in PB and RDN 60% + GSGN. Similarly, the higher protein content was also observed in PB and RDN 60% + GSGN treatment as compared to remaining treatments. PB and RDN 60% + GSGN treatments showed maximum gross returns (99232 & 97541 ₹/ha), net returns (66763 & 65278 ₹/ha) and B: C ratio (1.73 & 1.66) respectively. The soil physical, chemical and biological properties were significantly influenced by tillage and nutrient management practices. Bulk density was found to be significant among the tillage practices, lower values were found with PB and ZT. Across the nutrient management practices, lower bulk density at crop harvest was found with 100% RDF. Water holding capacity and water stable aggregates at final soil status were significantly superior with PB (38.1 & 61.3 %) and RDN 60% + GSGN (35.5 & 56.4 %) as compared to other treatments. Lower soil penetration resistance was noticed in PB and ZT practices (168.47, 271.71, 332.84 and 190.42, 282.35, 340.51 psi) respectively. Whereas, nutrient management practices showed no significant difference among the treatments but lower values of soil penetration resistance were observed with 100% RDF at 0-15 cm depth (198.76 and 305.83 psi). ZT and SSNM (0.59% & 0.55%) showed maximum soil organic carbon at final soil status. The available N, P2O5, K2O, Fe and Zn were superior in PB (272.69 kg/ha, 39.10 kg/ha, 135.5 kg/ha, 8.80 ppm and 0.98 ppm) as compared to ZT and CT, respectively. Although, nutrient management practices showed no significant difference among the treatments but higher values of available N, P2O5, K2O and Zn were observed in 100% RDF (270.08, 37.51, 131.01 kg/ha and 0.91 ppm) as compared to other treatments. PB and 100% RDF (32.20 cfu × 10-4, 47.72 cfu × 10-5, 440.14 μg g-1 and 30.78 cfu × 10-4, 46.95 cfu × 10-5, 424.47 μg g-1) showed higher total fungi, actinomycetes count and soil biomass carbon as compared to other treatments. The higher bacterial count and active carbon was observed in PB and RDN 60% + GSGN treatments (42.80 cfu × 10-6, 155.52 mg/ kg of soil and 40.23 cfu × 10-6, 129.41 mg/ kg of soil).ThesisItem Open Access Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to integrated nutrient management(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Babu. Y.N., Mohan; Dwivedi, D.K.A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of the year 2018-19 at Research farm of Tirhut college of Agriculture Dhoil, Muzaffarpur (Bihar), to study the “Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Integrated Nutrient Management” with variety Kufri Ashoka. Treatments consisted of five levels of RDF (0, 75, 100, 125, 150%) and two sources of organic manures (farm yard manure @ 20.0 t/ha and spent mushroom substrate @ 4.0 t/ha). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. The experimental site was sandy loam in texture and slight alkaline in reaction (pH 7.90), low in organic carbon (0.47%), available N (224.60 kg/ha), K2O (138.01) and medium with respect to available P2O5 (23.55 kg/ha). The results revealed that there was a significant difference in various plant growth and yield parameters like plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves per plant, dry matter accumulation, bulking rate of tubers, yield attributes and fresh yield of tubers due to various treatment applied in the experimentation. The outcome of the research trial revealed that treatments T5-100% RDF (150: 90: 100 N, P2O5 K2O kg/ha) + FYM 20.0 t/ha and T6-100% RDF (150: 90: 100 N, P2O5 K2O kg/ha) + SMS 4.0 t/ha gave (252.11 q/ha) and (248.15 q/ha) yield of tubers, respectively which was significantly superior over treatments T1-Control, T2-100% recommended dose of fertilizer through chemical fertilizers only, T3-75% RDF + FYM 20.0 t/ha and T4-75% RDF + SMS 4.0 t/ha. These treatments (T5 and T6) were found statistically at par to treatments T7-125% RDF + FYM 20.0 t/ha, T8-125% RDF + SMS 4.0 t/ha, T9-150% RDF + FYM 20.0 t/ha and T10-150% RDF + SMS 4.0 t/ha. Similar result was observed with respect to other crop growth attributes, dry matter accumulation, NPK content, total nutrient uptake by crop, organic carbon, organic matter content, available N, P2O5 and K2O in soil as well as economics among the integrated nutrient treatments. Even though the application of 100% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer fetched higher B: C ratio than integrated nutrient treatments but keeping the fact of sustainable crop production as well as to improve soil fertility status, the application of 100% RDF + 20 t/ha farm yard manure or 100% RDF + 4.0 t/ha spent mushroom substrate is recommended for potato cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access Nutrient and weed management on weed growth and yield of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper](DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Naresh, Golla; Pandey, I.B.A field investigation was carried out during kharif 2018 at research farm of Tirhut college of agriculture, Dholi to study the “Nutrient and Weed management on weed growth and yield of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]”. The field experiment comprised three nutrient management practices i.e., 100 % RDF. (20:40:20:20 kg NPKS/ha), 50 % RDF + 5.0 t FYM/ha and 50 % RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha + 2 % foliar spray of urea at flowering and five weed management practices i.e., Weedy check, Hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS, Pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha (pre-em.) + Hand weeding at 25 DAS, Pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha (pre-em.) + quizalofop ethyl 50 g/ha at 20 DAS, Pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha (pre-em.) + Imazethapyr 50 g/ha at 20 DAS. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design having factorial concept with three replications. The Black gram variety “Pant urd-31” was sown in first week of August at spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm using the seed rate of 25 kg/ha. Results of the experiment indicated that nutrient and weed management practices had positive effect on growth, yield indices and yield of blackgram crop. Combined application of 50 % RDF with 5 t FYM/ha significantly produced taller plants, accumulated more plant dry matter, crop growth rate leaf area index than 100 % RDF alone but was closely followed the application of 50 % RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha + 2 % foliar spray of urea at flowering. Among the weed management practices, hand weeding twice although recorded higher plant height accumulated more plant dry matter but was found at par with sequential application of pendimethalin + one hand weeding/quizalofop ethyl significantly higher over pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr. Application of 50 % RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha + 2 % foliar spray of urea at flowering recorded significantly higher number of pods/plant than 50 % RDF + 5.0 t FYM/ha and 100 % RDF alone. However, number of branches/plant, grains/pod and grain yield being at par among combined application of 50 % RDF + 5.0 t FYM/ha and 50 % RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha + 2 % foliar spray of urea at flowering and significantly higher over RDF alone except grains/pod. Weed management practices recorded significantly higher yield indices, grain and straw yields and harvest index than weedy check. Among weed management practices hand weeding twice recorded higher number of branches/plant, pods/plant, pod length, grains/pod, 100-seed weight and straw yield but was found at par with Pendimethalin (pre-em.) followed by hand weeding/post emergence application of quizalofop ethyl and significantly higher over pre emergence application of pendimethalin followed by post emergence application of imazethapyr. However hand weeding twice recorded significantly higher grain yield than the rest of the weed management practices. Combined application of 50 % RDF with 5.0 t FYM/ha recorded significantly higher number, fresh and dry weight of nodules than application of 50 % RDF with 2.5 t FYM/ha + foliar spray of 2 % urea and RDF alone. At early stage of crop growth these parameters were unaffected by weed management practices. However, at later crop growth stage at 40 DAS hand weeding twice recorded higher values of these parameters, but was found at par with Pendimethalin (pre-em.) followed by hand weeding and significantly higher over sequential application of pre and post emergence application of herbicides. Weed counts were unaffected by nutrient management practices. However, RDF alone recorded significantly lower weed dry weight than combined application of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Among the weed management practices, hand weeding twice recorded significantly lower weed count than the other weed management practices. However, lower weed dry weight was associated with pendimethalin + one hand weeding which was significantly lower than pendimethalin + imazethapyr. Application of 50 % RDF + 5.0 t FYM/ha recorded significantly higher P and K uptake by crop than 100 RDF alone and found at par with 50 % RDF with 2.5 t FYM/ha + foliar spray of 2 % urea at flowering. However, nitrogen uptake recorded higher in combined application of 50 % RDF with 2.5 t FYM/ha + 2 % foliar spray of urea at flowering was at par with 50 % RDF + 5.0 t FYM/ha and significantly higher over 100 % RDF and RDF Application alone significantly reduced NPK depletion by weeds. Among the weed management practices, hand weeding twice significantly enhanced NPK uptake by crop. However, NPK depletion in all the weed management practices were at par and significantly lower than weedy check. Application of 50 % RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha + foliar spray of 2 % urea at flowering recorded significantly higher gross returns and net returns than 100 % RDF alone. However, B: C ratio recorded under 50 % RDF + 2.5 t FYM/ha + foliar spray of 2 % urea at flowering and 100 % RDF alone was at par and significantly higher over 50 % RDF + 5.0 t FYM/ha. Among the weed management practices hand weeding twice recorded significantly hier gross return than pre-em. application pendimethalin followed by post-em. application of imazethapyr. However, sequential application of pendimethalin + quizalofop ethyl recorded higher B: C ratio but was found at par with pre emergence application pendimethalin + one hand weeding and statistically higher over hand weeding twice and pre emergence application of pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of integrated nutrient management and micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) in calcareous soils(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) M, Karthika; Chaudhary, S.K.A field experiment entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management and micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) in calcareous soils” was conducted on sandy loam soil at experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar during kharif season, 2018. The soil of the experimental field was calcareous sandy loam and alkaline in reaction with pH 8.4. It is moderately fertile with low organic carbon (0.48%), medium in available N, P, K, Fe status and deficient in available Zn. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with factorial concept having six INM treatments as factor A (N1- 75% of RDN through chemical fertilizers + 25% of RDN through vermicompost, N2- 75% of RDN through chemical fertilizers + 25% of RDN through poultry manure, N3- 75% of RDN through chemical fertilizers + 25% of RDN through FYM, N4- 100% of RDN through chemical fertilizers + 25% of RDN through vermicompost, N5- 100% of RDN through chemical fertilizers, N6- 125% of RDN through chemical fertilizers) and three treatments of micronutrients as factor B (F1- Foliar spray of FeSO4@ 1% at tillering and panicle emergence, F2- Foliar spray of ZnSO4@ 0.5% at tillering and panicle emergence, F3- Foliar spray of FeSO4@ 1% and ZnSO4@ 0.5 % at tillering and panicle emergence). The variety tested was Abhishek. The findings of the experiment revealed that INM treatments had profound influence on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake of aerobic rice. However micronutrient treatments could not reach to the level of significance. Though, improvement in yield was visible. Significantly higher growth stature (plant height, tillers m-2, dry matter production and crop growth rate), yield attributes (number of panicles m-2, number of filled grains per panicle, panicle length and panicle weight) and yield (grain and straw yields) was observed with the application of 100% RDN through chemical fertilizers and 25% RDN through vermicompost and the lowest was registered with application of 100% RDN through chemical fertilizer. Even though micronutrient treatments did not show significant influence, treatment F3 (Foliar spray of FeSO4@ 1% and ZnSO4@ 0.5 % at tillering and panicle emergence) recorded maximum growth parameters, yield attributes and yield. However, test weight and harvest index was not significantly influenced by any of the treatments. Combined application of 100% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 25% RDN through vermicompost resulted in significantly higher uptake of N, P, K, Fe and Zn. Though the uptake of N, P, K and Fe were not significantly increased by micronutrient treatments, Zn content and uptake of zinc was significantly affected by foliar spray of FeSO4 @ 1% and ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % at tillering and panicle emergence. Foliar spray of micronutrients and INM treatments did not have marked influence on post harvest soil fertility status. However, higher nutrient availability was observed with combined application of 100% RDN through chemical fertilizer and 25% RDN through vermicompost. Economic findings revealed that highest gross returns were recorded with application of 100% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 25% RDN through vermicompost among the INM treatments. However, higher net returns and B:C ratio were obtained with application of 75% RDN through chemical fertilizers + 25% of RDN through poultry manure. Although, micronutrient treatments did not significantly influence economics, foliar spray of FeSO4 @ 1% and ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % at tillering and panicle emergence was found profitable among all. From the study it may be concluded that combined application of 75% RDN through chemical fertilizers + 25% of RDN through poultry manure along with foliar spray of FeSO4 @ 1% and ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % at tillering and panicle emergence is more beneficial for realizing higher productivity and enhancing grain quality with improvement in soil fertility.ThesisItem Open Access Nutrient and weed management for improving productivity of aromatic rice(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2018) Kumari, Shashimala; Nandan, RaviA field experiment was planned and conducted during kharif season of 2017 at the research farm of RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar) to investigate the “Nutrient and weed management for improving productivity of aromatic rice’’. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design and was replicated thrice. The treatments comprised three nutrient levels viz. (i) 100% RDF (120-60-40 NPK kg/ha) (ii) 75% RDF+ FYM 5t/ha (iii) 50% RDF + FYM 10t/ha in main - plot and six weed control treatments viz. (i) Brown manuring (ii) Bispyribac-sodium@ 25g/ha (iii) Chlorimuron ethyl+Metsulfuron methyl (Almix) @ 4g/ha at 20 DAT (iv) Pyrazosulfuron @ 25g/ha PoE (v) Weed free and (vi) Weedy check in sub-plot. Rice variety Rajendra Bhagwati was transplanted on 21.07.2017. Treatment N1(100% RDF 120-60-40 NPK kg/ha) recorded maximum in growth, yield attributes and grain yield. And among weed management practices, treatment W5 (weed free) recorded the maximum value at all the growth stages and yield attributes as well as grain yield of rice. Weed population and weed dry matter were found maximum in N3 (50% RDF+ FYM 10t/ha). Among the weed management practices, minimum values were recorded in W5 (weed free). Weed control efficiency and weed index was maximum in W5 (weed free) and W6 (weedy check) respectively. Maximum net returns, gross returns and B: C ratio were recorded in N1 (100% RDF 120-60-40NPK kg/ha) under nutrient management practices. And among weed management practices, maximum value of net returns and B: C ratio were recorded under W2 (Bispyribac-sodium @ 25g/ha). However, a maximum gross return was obtained in W5 (weed free). Thus it may be summed up that the nutrient level 100% RDF (120-60-40 NPK kg/ha) is superior to 75% RDF+ FYM 5t/ha and 50% RDF + FYM 10t/ha. Secondly, high cost involved in manual weeding makes herbicidal treatments more viable proposition. Bispyribac-sodium @ 25g/ha is most effective herbicidal treatments for transplanted aromatic rice.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) under rainfed condition(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Raushan, Rahul Kumar; Singh, HarendraA field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2018 at research farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi (Muzaffarpur) to study the “Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) under rainfed condition”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments, replicated thrice. The treatment comprised as T1-Control (water spray at flower initiation), T2-NPK (18:18:18) 2%spray at flower initiation, T3-Neem coated urea 2% spray at flower initiation, T4-Neem coated urea 2% + salicylic acid 75 ppm spray at flower initiation, T5-ZnSO4 @ 0.5% spray at flower initiation, T6-ZnSO4 @ 0.5% spray at flower initiation followed by neem coated urea 2% spray 7 days after first spray, T7-Boron 0.25 ppm spray at flower initiation and T8-Boron 0.25 ppm spray at flower initiation followed by neem coated urea 2% spray 7 days after first spray. The soil of experimental plot was alluvial and calcareous in nature and low in fertility status. The agronomically popular blackgram variety Pant U-31 was sown on 2nd August 2018 and harvested on 30th October 2018. All the foliar spray treatments had significant effect on growth and yields as well as quality parameters of blackgram crop. The foliar application of nutrients showed their effectiveness in increasing in growth and yield attributing characters viz., plant height, dry matter production, number of nodules/plant, number of pods/plant, length of pod, number of seeds/pod, 100-seed weight. Significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of nodules/plant were observed under foliar application of NPK (18:18:18) 2% spray at flower initiation (T2) at 40 DAS and at harvest, but it was found non-significant at 20 DAS because of foliar application of nutrients done at 34 DAS. Number of pods/plant and length of pod were significantly influenced by the foliar application of nutrients. However, number of grains/pod and 100-seed weight were not significantly influenced by foliar application of nutrients. Foliar application of NPK (18:18:18) 2% spray at flower initiation recorded significantly higher grain yield and straw yield. Harvest index was unaffected by foliar application of nutrients. Protein content in grain was not significantly influenced by the foliar application of different nutrients. Among the different foliar application of nutrients, NPK (18:18:18) 2% spray at flower initiation (T2) recorded significantly higher gross return and net return as well as benefit : cost ratio.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of brown manuring and nitrogen management practices on growth and yield of Aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L)(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Sarma, Smita; Chaudhary, S.K.The present field experiment to study the ―Effect of brown manuring and nitrogen management practices on growth and yield of aerobic rice.‖ was conducted during kharif season of 2018 at the Crop Research Centre of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar. The soil of the experiment field was calcareous in nature containing 32.3% free CaCO3, sandy loam in texture and alkaline in reaction with a pH of 8.2. It was moderately fertile being deficient in available boron (0.48 ppm), low in organic carbon (0.44%) and available nitrogen (248 kg N/ha) while medium in available phosphorus (27.8 kg P2O5/ha) potassium (134.99 kg K2O/ha) and zinc (0.87 ppm), but high in available iron (15.13 ppm). The experiment was conducted in randomised block design (factorial) which was replicated thrice taking the variety ‗Sahbhagi Dhan‘ as a test crop. The factors under study comprised of (A) Seed rate and days of incorporation of green manure (Dhaincha): S1-Dhaincha seed rate @ 30 kg/ha and B.M. at 25 DAS, S2-Dhaincha seed rate @ 30 kg/ha and B.M. at 30 DAS, S3-Dhaincha seed rate @ 40 kg/ha and B.M. at 25 DAS, S4-Dhaincha seed rate @ 40 kg/ha and B.M. at 30 DAS, S5-Dhaincha seed rate @ 50 kg/ha and B.M. at 25 DAS, S6-Dhaincha seed rate @ 50 kg/ha and B.M. at 30 DAS, S7-Rice alone (without dhaincha) and (B) Nitrogen levels in kg/ha: N1- 75% RDN, N2-100% RDN, N3- 125% RDN. Standard package and practices of crop management were followed. 60 kg P2O5/ha and 40 kg K2O/ha fertilizers were applied as basal whereas urea was applied as per treatment in three split doses as basal (50%), active tilleing (25%) and panicle initiation (25%). The experimental findings revealed that brown manuring as well as nitrogen levels had a profound influence on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of aerobic rice. Significantly higher values of growth parameters (tillers m-2, dry matter production and crop growth rate) were observed in rice without dhaincha at 30 DAS since rice + brown manuring treatments witnessed higher biological pressure exerted by higher seed rates of dhaincha as well as the shading effect of its canopy. As a result, treatment S6 produced taller plants at all the growth stages. However, at the later stages, treatment S3 recorded maximum value of growth parameters but failed to reach a level of significance. Most of the yield attributes (panicle weight and grains panicle-1), yield (grain and straw), N uptake (grain and straw) were higher with Dhaincha seed rate @ 40 kg/ha and B.M. at 25 DAS (S3). It was also found to be the most profitable treatment in regards to gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio. While among the nitrogen levels, 125% RDN recorded significantly higher growth parameters (plant height, tillers m-2, dry matter production and crop growth rate), yield attributes (panicles m-2, panicle weight, grains panicle-1), yield (grain and straw), N uptake (grain and straw) and economic returns (gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio) while remaining at par with 100% RDN. Panicle length, test weight and harvest index remained unaffected by any of the treatments. Thus, it can be inferred that the combined use of Dhaincha @ 40 kg/ha and brown manuring at 25 days after sowing along with 100% recommended dose of nitrogen is beneficial for realizing maximum economic benefits, higher productivity, reduced fertilizer use and improve soil fertility.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated weed management in rabi maize (Zea mays L.) under zero tillage condition(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Pene, Botlhe; Roy, D.K.A field experiment was undertaken during rabi season of the year 2017-18 at Crop Research Farm of BISA-CYMMT, Samastipur, Bihar to study “Integrated weed management in Rabi maize (Zea mays L.) under zero tillage condition”. For this study an experiment was designed with ten treatments arranged randomly in three replications. The ten treatments comprised: T1-Glyphosate @ 1.6kg/ha (3 days before sowing); T2-Glyphosate @1.6kg/ha (3 days before sowing) followed by power weeder at 25 DAS; T3-Halosulfuron @ 67.5g/ha as PE; T4-Halosulfuron @ 67.5 g/ha as PE followed by power weeder at 25 DAS; T5-Atrazine @ 1.5 kg/ha as PE; T6-Atrazine @ 1.5kg/ha as PE followed by power weeder at 25 DAS; T7- Imazethapyr @ 100g/ha as PE; T8-Imazethapyr @ 100g/ha as PE + Fenoxaprop 100g/ha as PoE (20-25 DAS); T9 -Weed free (3 hand weedings at 20, 40, 60 DAS) and T10-Weedy check. Maize hybrid “DKC 9081” was taken as the test variety. The soil of the experimental plot was clay loam in texture with pH 8.4, EC 0.26 dSm-1, medium in organic carbon (0.55%), low in available nitrogen (188 kg/ha), phosphorus (16.71 kg/ha) and potassium (121.25 kg/ha).