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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20211
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Subject: Agronomy × Author: DANISH, MO × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enhancing productivity, water and nitrogen use efficiency of kharif maize
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) DANISH, MO; Kumar, Mukesh
    Maize is a multidimensional crop, consumed as food, feed, fodder and grown throughout world. It is widely recognized for being a heavy feeder of nutrients, hence; need to rationalize the nutrients use of this crop. Beside maize is also very sensitive of water stress which leads to yield reduction and there is need to relook its sowing methods to avoid water stress. Intercropping of cereals with leguminous crop is known to ensure better utilization of nutrient, improves soil fertility and increase in nitrogen use efficiency leads to production enhancement. In order to find out solutions for both the problems, a study on various planting techniques, legume intercropping and nitrogen doses of maize was carried out in present experiment. A field experiment was carried out during kharif season 2020 at RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar to find out effect of planting methods, intercropping and nitrogen management on enhancing productivity, water and nitrogen use efficiency of kharif maize. The trial was laid out in split plot design with four planting methods in main plot viz., M1- Flat sown maize, M2- Bed planting maize, M3- Flat sown maize + mungbean, M4- Bed planting maize + mungbean and four sub-plot treatments viz., N1- 120:50:40:: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1, N2- 100:50:40:: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1, N3-80:50:40:: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1, N4- 0:50:40:: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 (control plot) with three replication . Bed planting maize + mungbean recorded the higher maize height, dry matter, crop growth rate, leaf area index compared to flat sown maize. Among N management option, use of 120:50:40: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 had significantly higher maize height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and leaf area index. The yield attributes and the yield of maize yield as grain (3.17 t ha-1), stover yield (4.5 t ha-1), biological yield (7.18 t ha-1) were also higher in bed planting maize + mungbean and with use of N: P2O5:K2O @120:50:40 kg ha-1. System productivity was significantly higher (6.09 t ha-1) in combination bed planting maize + mungbean with use N:P2O5:K2O @120:50:40 kg ha-1 compared to flat planting and all combination of N doses. Consequently, water use efficiency (11.74 Consequently, water use efficiency (11.74 kg ha-1 mm)) and water productivity and water productivity (133.10 (133.10 ₹ mm--33) were also higher in bed plant) were also higher in bed planting. Among nitrogen management,ing. Among nitrogen management, N:P2O5:K2O @120:50:40 kg ha-1 recorded higher water use efficiency (10.82 recorded higher water use efficiency (10.82 kg ha-1 mm-1) and water productivity (117.70 ) and water productivity (117.70 ₹ mm--33) compared lower doses of N. ) compared lower doses of N. Likewise, the N use efficiency (5.86 kg kg-1), partial factor productivity 25.33 kg kg-1) and N harvest index (0.79 kg kg-1) were higher in bed planting maize + mungbean. Among the diverse N levels, the highest N use efficiency (7.98 kg kg-1), and N harvest index (0.80 kg kg-1) were significantly higher in NN1 1 treatment (120:50:40::N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1). Bed planting maize + Bed planting maize + mungbeanmungbean fetched the highest net return fetched the highest net return (54996 ₹.ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.26) and among diverse N levels the and B:C ratio (1.26) and among diverse N levels the N:P2O5:K2O @120:50:40 kg ha-1 had exhibited maximum net return had exhibited maximum net return (52935.₹.ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.24).and B: C ratio (1.24). From the present study it may be concluded that maize + mungbean system on bed planting with suitable N:P2O5:K2O dose @120:50:40 kg ha-1 had higher system productivity, water and nitrogen use efficiency, net return and B C ratio, therefore, it may be better alternative to enhance productivity and income from kharif maize cultivation in Eastern India.