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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Subject: Agricultural Extension Education × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Training need of fish growers : A study of Darbhanga district’
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Kumar, Nirala; Prakash, Satya
    Fisheries occupy a prominent place in the economy of the world as the fish is one of foods of vast majority of people. Fish not only provides proteins but also contains fat, inorganic substances and vitamins. Fish protein is easily digestible and it contains considerable proportion of soluble proteins. It is more valuable for human especially for a population whose staple food is rice. Besides, fisheries help in generating employment and revenue and raising nutritional level. Fish is found abundantly in all natural waters. It is valuable source of food and has been used by man from antiquity. India stands second rank in global fish production. India registered an increase of 92.8% aquaculture and 15.1% in marine catches during 2011-12. The share of India's production from aquaculture is 6.3% of the world. Total fish production during 2013-14 is at 9.51 million metric tonnes. India is also became a major supplier of fish in the world. The annual fish production of Bihar 4.79 lakh tonnes during 2014-15.but annual demand is 5.88 lakh tonnes. Annual demand of fish seed in Bihar 760 million. The state has 121 government fish seed farm, 02 government hatcheries and 83 private hatcheries. The present productivity of fish could be increased considerably if the available technology is effectively transferred to the farmers. Our training programmes need to focus more on transferring of new technology from the confines of laboratories and research institute to the farmers and make then result oriented. Its profitability needs to be enhanced further, but still profitability of fish growing is based with many constraints faced by fish growers due to production and marketing. So, therefore, the fish growers need to be properly trained in the latest improved cultivation practices for realizing more productivity and production of fish. Keeping all these aspects in view, the proposed study has been undertaken with following specific objectives. 1. To assess the Socio-Economic and demographical Profile of Fish Growers. 2. To measure the level of knowledge of fish growers. 3. To ascertain the extent of training needs of fish growers. 4. To study the constraints faced by fish growers. The study was conducted in Darbhanga district in Bihar state. As this district is pre-dominantly fish growing district of the state. There is lot of ponds, rivers and other reservoirs is source of fish production and many fishing community involved in production and marketing to secure own livelihood . The district needs a support of technological back stopping for increasing its productivity. For this reason Darbhanga district was selected as a locale of research. There are 18 blocks in Darbhanga district. Out of which two blocks Namely Keoti and Jale was purposively selected. 30 respondents was selected randomly from each block. Thus, total no. of respondents was 60 constitute a sample size for the study purpose. This study concluded that maximum per cent of fish growers were belonged to middle age group, extremely backward caste group, (Fisheries + Agriculture) occupation categories, high school education , marginal land holding group (up to 1 ha) and had below 0.5 ha pond area under fish cultivation. Likewise majority of the fish growers had medium entrepreneurial orientation, medium level of annual income and maximum no. of farmers had member of no any organization in social participation group, regularly used TV as sources of information and majority of fish growers had no any committee in membership of organization group. The result also showed that majority of the respondents belongs to medium knowledge level about the improved fish production technology. It is also concluded that a majority of the respondents had came under medium needed training category. The major area in which fish growers needed more consideration were disease management, selection of quality seed and species & stocking density and feed & fertilizer management. It can be observed that the disease management, has got the first rank and top most required need for the training while harvesting and marketing of fish has got the 13th rank in training need. Further it observed that the “non availability of quality fish seeds’’ and "lack of natural feed in pond" has got the first & second rank respectively while “theft and pilferages’’ has got last rank in constraints perceived by fish growers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Training need of Papaya Growers in Begusarai district of Bihar
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Kumar, Raju; Ansari, M. N.
    Cultivation of fruits played a pivotal role in diversification of agriculture along with food and nutritional security of ever growing population. The agro-climatic conditions of Bihar are eminently suitable for fruit crops. The state ranks fourth in fruit production and third in vegetable production in the country. Among the fruits, Papaya (Carica papaya) occupies a special place. Like banana it is available throughout the year and it is easy to cultivate. It produces more income per unit area only next to banana and has high nutritive and medicinal value. It is also used in pharmaceutical industries, textiles, garment, cleaning paper and adhesive manufacturing, sewage disposal and so on. The average yield of papaya in Bihar is lower than national average. The present productivity of papaya could be increased considerably if the available technology is effectively transferred to the farmers. Our training programmes need to focus more on transferring of new technology from the confines of laboratories and research institute to the farmers and make then result oriented. Its profitability needs to be enhanced further, but still profitability of papaya growing is based with many constraints faced by papaya growers due to production and marketing. Therefore, the papaya growers need to be properly trained in the latest improved cultivation practices for realizing more productivity and production of papaya. Keeping all these aspects in view, the proposed study has been undertaken with following specific objectives:  To know the socio-economic and demographical characteristics of papaya growers.  To measure the level of knowledge of farmers about recommended papaya production technology.  To ascertain the training needs of papaya growers with respect to different components of improved papaya cultivation.  To identify the constraints as perceived by the papaya growers Begusarai district of Bihar state has been identified as a locale of present research enterprise in view of its importance in terms of area and total production of papaya crop in the state. There are 18 block in Begusarai district. Out of 18 blocks of Begusarai district, five blocks which had maximum area under papaya cultivation, was selected. Out of these five blocks, two villages from each block, having maximum area under papaya was selected. So in all ten villages was selected as sample villages for this study. Thus, a total number of 60 papaya growers were constituted as the sample for the present study. The researcher collected data by using a pretested structured schedule employing personal interview technique. Thereafter, the data were classified, tabulated, statistically analyzed and interpreted in light of the objective of the study, which led to the conclusion. This study concluded that maximum per cent of papaya growers were belonged to middle age group, medium level of education, large land holding and had 0.5 to 1 acre area under papaya cultivation. Likewise majority of the papaya growers had medium extension level of contact, medium level of economic motivation and had high risk preference. The result also showed that majority of the respondents belongs to medium knowledge level about the improved papaya production technology. The zero order correlation value indicated that out of eight variables studied, as many as six variables viz., education, land holding, annual income, contact with extension agency, economic motivation and risk preference were found statistically correlated with the knowledge of papaya production technology. It is also concluded that a majority of the respondents had came under medium needed training category. The major areas in which papaya growers needed more consideration were plant protection measures, high yielding varieties and manures & fertilizer management. It can be observed that the plant protection measures has got the first rank and top most required need for the training while marketing & storage has got the 13th rank in training need. Further it observed that the “appearance of different types of diseases’’ and "do not know fertilizer calculation" has got the first & second rank respectively while “Papaya fruits are harvested by other people’’ has got last rank in constraints perceived by papaya growers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of Training Need Among Grass Root Level Extension Personnel
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Kumari, Kavita; Shekhar, Dibyanshu
    India is home to the fourth largest agricultural sector in the world while its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is comparatively low, but it provides employment to 56 percent of workforce and reduces poverty and food security and determines inclusive growth of the country. The state like Bihar is predominantly agrarian and agriculture engages nearly three-fourths of Bihar’s population. Approx. 90% farming community fall under small to marginal land holding. Most of the Village Level Workers (VLWs) posts are lying vacant. In the light of the fact the state government appointed the Agriculture Coordinator (about 2500) at panchayat level and Kisan Salahkar (about 7500) at village level to cater the farmer’s information need and assist the farmers to take advantages of ongoing agricultural developmental programme. The problem of this study is to carefully analyse and diagnose the training needs of the Agriculture Coordinators and Kisan Salahkar. Grass root level extension activities in state of Bihar mainly depend on Agriculture Coordinators and Kisan Salahkar. As field-level extension personnel, they come in direct contact with farmers and rural women to whom they introduce new ideas and practices, and address the needs for improved farming and family living in order to carry out their tasks effectively and successfully. The Agriculture Coordinators and Kisan Salahkar need to be well-trained and competent in their job responsibilities. This can be achieved through the provision of continuous in-service training. The present study has been planned to undertake following specific objectives: • To study the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of extension personnel. • To know the areas of competence of agricultural extension personnel. • To identify areas of training need of extension personnel in the study area. • To ascertain the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the extension personnel in relation to their training needs. Samastipur district of Bihar was selected in view that which is Agriculture education hub of the state since many decades since the establishment of Imperial Agricultural Research Institute. Total 75 respondents were selected for this study, 20 Agriculture Coordinator out of 134 and 55 Kisan Salahkar out of 374 (approximately 15% adopting proportionate probability principle). Eleven most relevant independent variables i.e., Gender, Education, Age, Marital Status, Job Experience, Training Attended, Location of Deployment, Source of Information, Social Participation, Mass Media Exposure, Responsibilities were identified for the study. Dependent variables were Knowledge Level and Training Need. All the variables were measured under the set rules and procedures, with scale and schedules developed for the study. The study revealed that majority ofAgriculture Coordinator and KisanSalahkarwere found to be in middle age group. There were more male extension personnel in number than female. Majority of the respondent have their educational qualification as required by their job eligibility criteria. Mostly they were married and majority of them having 3-9 years of job experience. The study also revealed that majority of Agriculture Coordinator were trained.Whereas, majority of Kisan Salahkar were found untrained. Majority of Agriculture Coordinator and Kisan Salahkar were deployed in radius of 18 km from the Headquarter. Source of information used by Agriculture Coordinator wereBlock Agriculture Officer, KisanSalahkar and Kisan Diary,whereasKisanSalahkar obtained information through Agriculture Coordinator and with their colleagues. Agriculture Coordinator have more social participation as compared to Kisan Salahkar. Majority of Agriculture Coordinator and Kisan Salahkar were often found to use Agricultural Campaigns, Newspaper and Kisan Diary as a source of information. Perceived Knowledge Level of Agriculture Coordinator is always high as compared to Kisan Salahkar but actual Knowledge Level of Kisan Salahkar is high as compared to Agriculture Coordinator. Agriculture Coordinator perceived that there is more need to get training in the area of programme formation& execution, organization and administration, and social system and rural leadership as compared to Kisan Salahkar whereas Kisan Salahkar perceived the need for more training in the area of improved agricultural technology, communication skill as compared to Agriculture Coordinator It is evident from the study that Agriculture Coordinator expressed their potential in thematic areas of training such as critical irrigation time, weed management, storage, disease, improved equipment, marketing whereas for kisan salahkar storage, weed management, disease management needs were found to he emphasized more. On the basis of aforesaid findings, it is concluded that Agriculture Coordinator and Kisan Salahkar both group are known as para extension worker. They should be given appropriate regular training in all most all prominent area of agriculture.So that need based information would be disseminated among the farming community of the state in order to strengthen the agricultural base of the country.