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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Subject: Agricultural Biotechnology × Author: Kumar, Devendra × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2016 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular characterization of SS-III gene promoter with respect to Heat tolerance in Wheat
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2018) Kumar, Devendra; Kumar, Rajeev
    Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple food grains of the human race as it fulfils the significant proportion of dietary calories requirements of the world population. Starch is a major component of wheat flour, accounting for 65-70% of the dry weight of the wheat grain. There are 6 distinct classes of starch synthase: GBSS, SSI, SSII, SSIII, SSIV and SSV involved in the synthesis of starch. SS genes containing promoter of 2kb sequence were retrieved in wheat and other crop species using by the bioinformatics tools. The promoter sequence of the reference crop species or wheat was used as a query in the cereals database. 68 cis-acting regulatory elements and 118 total number of motif sequences were found across the species under study. A maximum number of motifs (51) were found in Amaranths spp. In wheat total, 27 motifs were found. ERE (Ethylene Responsive Element) was found in SS-III in wheat. G-box (cis-acting regulatory element involved in light responsiveness) and MBS (MYB binding site involved in drought-inducibility) were found in all the species of monocots and dicots. Four novel conserved motifs e.g. ARE (anaerobic induction); GC-motif (anoxic specific inducibility); TGA (auxin-responsive element); TGACG motif (MeJA responsiveness) were found in the SSIII gene promoter consensus sequence obtained through wet lab experiment but found absent in the retrieved sequences. In Phylogenetic analysis Maximum genetic similarities were observed for Phaseolus SS-I & Phaseolus SS-II and Arabidopsis SS-II & Arabidopsis SS-I respectively where-as maximum dissimilarities was observed between Phaseolus vulgaris L. SSII and Brachypodium SS-II. Wheat SS-I was found more closely related to its SS-III, SS-II was found closely related to Brachypodium SS-III, and SS-IV promoter was found closely related to SS-III of Zea mays. We identified a total of 72 SNPs were identified over a total region of 1496 bp. Out of 72, 24 SNPs are of transition types and 48 SNPs are of transversion types in the studied genotypes of wheat with different degree of sensitivity towards heat stress. In heat sensitive genotypes (PBW-343, SISD, HD-2967, and Sonara-64) there were 29, 12, 6, and 1 specific SNPs identified respectively. 7 and 17 specific SNPs were also identified in heat tolerant genotypes (KSG-1186) and (Ipecarabe) respectively. In heat tolerance genotypes (KSG-1186) and (Ipecarabe) identified more transversion types (A/T) SNP than transition types. Analysis of types of substitution among the identified SNPs revealed far more abundance of transversion than transition and the ratio of transition to transversion (Ts/Tv) as 0.5.