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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20201
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Subject: Agricultural Biotechnology × Author: C, Shankar × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of little millet genotypes using morphological traits and ISSR markers
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) C, Shankar; Anjani, Kumari
    The present investigation entitled ‘‘Characterization of Little Millet Genotypes Using Morphological Traits and ISSR Markers’’ was undertaken with the objective of evaluating little millet genotypes for its morphological characters and molecular characterization based diversity analysis using ISSR markers. Altogether 18 little millet genotypes were obtained from the Hill Millet Research Station, Gujarat. During kharif season 2020, the genotypes were evaluated at TCA, Dholi, Agricultural farm of Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar in RBD design with three replication. The genotypes were evaluated for its four morphological traits viz., plant height (cm), total number of tillers per plant, length of flag leaf (cm) and width of flag leaf (cm). Based on the ANOVA analysis, the maximum mean sum of square was recorded for flag leaf length (24.249) followed by plant height (10.734) between the replication. The mean sum of squares value of plant height within the genotypes was highest (832.535) followed by flag leaf length (170.175) within the genotypes. The mean sum of square values of all four trait within the genotypes are highly significant at table value P = 0.05 whereas the mean sum of square within the replication are not significant. The ANOVA analysis revealed the presence of significant amount of variability for plant height, length of flag leaf, number of tillers per plant and width of flag leaf. Among the studied quantitative traits, plant height and length of flag leaf were the most contributing traits towards total diversity. The mean values of four quantitative traits were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Plant height ranged from 59.94 to 152.4 with the highest mean value of 102.95 followed by length of flag leaf ranged from 35.3 to 78.48 with the mean value of 54.73. The plant height (92.46) followed by length of flag leaf (43.18) recorded wide range which indicate the extent of variability for the two phenotypic traits. A total of 16 ISSR primers were used to identify the polymorphism between the 18 little millet genotypes. All the primers produced the polymorphic amplification product in 18 genotypes except HB 10, UBC 814 and UBC 817. The amplification product size ranged from 354 to 2315 bp. Total number of alleles detected were 370 including 162 unique alleles and 208 shared alleles. The polymorphism per cent ranged from 18.18% for the primer UBC 864 to 78.12% for the primer UBC 807 with the average of 38.66. The 16 ISSR primers included in the study had high polymorphism per cent except the primer UBC 816. The Polymorphism Information Content value ranged from 0.897 for the primer UBC 864 to 0.989 for the primer UBC 807 with the average of 0.969. Out of 16 ISSR primers, the primer UBC 807 was determined to the best in its effectiveness to detect the genetic diversity among the 18 little millet genotypes followed by HB 10 and UBC 814. The Dice’s similarity coefficient value ranged from 0.0208 to 0.5055. The similarity value was highest between the genotypes WV-168 and WV-119 was 0.5055. The higher the similarity coefficient values, greater will be the similarity between the pairs. The similarity coefficient value for the most of the genotype pairs was less than 0.4 among the group which indicates the presence of high amount of genetic variability between the genotypes of the little millet. The 18 genotypes of little milletswere grouped into 5 clusters at 50 phenon level by UPGMA dendrogram. The cluster I was formed by four genotypes (WV-155, WV-146, WV-168 and WV-119). The cluster II was formed by four genotypes (JK-18, TNPS-173, GLM-203 and WV-159). The cluster III was formed by four genotypes (TNPS-171, WV-108, WV-110 and WV-122). The cluster VI was formed by two genotypes (TNPS-167 and WV-167). The cluster V was formed by four genotypes (WV- 156, WV-124, WV-115 and WV-164). The cluster analysis revealed the presence of diversification among the little millet genotypes. Thus ISSR markers are highly efficient for the assessment of genetic relationship at molecular level which can be utilized in crop development programme.