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Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Dist. - Nadia, West Bengal PIN - 741 252
The university established in 1974, has completed five decades of its existence as the pioneer institute of Agricultural Education, Research and Extension. The main objective of this Viswavidyalaya is to provide facilities for the study of Agriculture, Horticulture and Agricultural Engineering. It is also to conduct researches in these sciences and undertake the educational and extension programmes in agriculture among the rural clientele base, keeping in view the requirements of the state.
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ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF RICE GENOTYPES WITH ACCELERATING RECOVERY FROM PHOTOPROTECTION AND THEIR GENETIC ANALYSIS(GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia – 741252, 2023-12-20) Saha Shoumik; Dr. Somnath BhattacharyyaRice cultivation in the eastern and north-eastern parts of India faces biotic and environmental challenges, including changing climatic conditions and extreme light fluctuations, which reduce crop yield potential by up to 35-40% in Kharif. The plant undergoes photoprotection mode by increasing nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) in high light intensity (>1200 μmole m-2s-1 PPFD ), which attenuates photosystem II yield (ɸPSII) drastically. The plant remains in photoprotection mode (reduced ɸPSII and high NPQ) even after light intensity becomes normal (<1000 PPFD) for a more extended period (usually > half an hour). The study aims to identify rice genotypes with quick photoprotection recovery (QPR) ability and allelic variations of the genes controlling the traits. However, phenotyping QPR requires more than forty-five minutes/genotype to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in progressive actinic light (200-1800 μmole m-2s-1 PPFD) after dark adaptation. Swarnaprabha, Shatabdi, GB1, and Bidhan Suruchi showed QPR ability as observed from the less gap between theoretical and observed ɸPSII yield at 400 PPFD as well as a larger difference between NPQ1800 -NPQ400 after twenty minutes of exposure at six different increasing PPFD, whereas Swarna, Chotogora, and Srabani behave contrarily. The study finds that instantly (2 minutes) measured A400/A1800 ratio in 8-10 days old flag leaves strongly associated with NPQ1800 -NPQ400 and ɸPSII400- ɸPSII1800 with R2 value 0.81 and 0.77 respectively. In a panel of ninety-six genotypes using the QPR data by the newly proposed methodology and 7K SNP genotyping data, GWAS identified that the region (LOD>3) possesses the genes reported earlier for photoprotection recovery in rice and other plants. QTL analysis further validated new methodology in a RIL population developed from a contrasting parental pair Swarnaprabha x IR64. The GWAS and QTL analyze the regions carrying known photoprotection-related genes like OsPsbS1, OsLUT2, OsVDE, OsZEP, OsPGPL2, OsbZIP72 located on chromosomes 1, 4, 8, 9. Genotypes with quick photoprotection recovery identified and further analyzed with existing methodology confirmed their QPR ability. A positive association between A400/A1800 ratio and yield and biomass was observed in RIL with R2 values of 0.11 and 0.17, respectively. The newly identified methodology for the QPR will be used for easier introgression of the traits in popular cultivars of the zone. The identified genotypes, genes, and QTLs can be used to improve yield potential and allele mining.ThesisItem Open Access In vitro mass propagation, polyploidization, and elicitor-mediated enhancement of vincristine production in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don(GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia – 741252, 2023-12-20) Das Anamika; Dr. Sutanu SarkarCatharanthus roseus, often known as Madagascar periwinkle or periwinkle, is a species of flowering and medicinal plant that belongs to the family Apocynaceae, having chromosome number 2n=16. The two most common cultivars of C. roseus are "rosea" with pink flowers and "alba" with white flowers. One of the major alkaloids, vincristine, which has anti-cancerous activity, is present in very small amounts (around 0.0005% of total alkaloids) in the leaves of C. roseus. Vincristine has proven to be a highly effective drug in the chemotherapy of various kinds of cancer including both paediatric and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, neuroblastoma, Wilkins' tumour, Hodgkin's disease, and reticulum cell sarcoma. Since vincristine is particularly demanded yet difficult to extract, there is a continuing effort to improve the production of this dimeric alkaloid. Traditional seed propagation limitations affecting secondary metabolite production include low germination rates, low seed viability and vigour, etc. Moreover, spontaneous outcrossing results in genetic changes that alter the quantity and quality of beneficial alkaloids including vincristine. Taking all of these factors into account, the current study has been conducted with the aim of developing an in vitro methodology for high vincristine cultivar among alba and rosea, and further vincristine enhancement using biotechnological approaches such as in vitro polyploidization and elicitation. HPTLC analysis for the vincristine content of both cultivars showed that the C. roseus cv. rosea had considerably higher vincristine (1025.69±0.76 μg g-1 DW) at three months of age than the C. roseus cv. alba (939.23 ± 0.42 μg g-1 DW). The initial culture of C. roseus cv. rosea was established by using apical shoot tips as explants and following an effective surface disinfection method. For direct regeneration, the in vitro shoot tips were inoculated on MS medium fortified with different types and doses of cytokinin alone, out of which MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 mT emerged as promising since it showed the highest number of shoots (10.9±0.23) per inoculated shoot tip. However, the addition of 0.1 mg L-1 NAA to the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 mT increased the number of shoots (12.67±0.67) in the shoot proliferation experiment. The maximum number (21.9±1.85) of roots with the maximum length (39.2±1.65 mm) were reported on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 IBA. For indirect regeneration, in vitro leaves were used as explants for callus induction. Among various auxins used, the maximum response percentage (97.5±0.50%) to callus induction with earliest (4.7±0.15 days) induction and highest biomass (159.8±0.59 mg fresh weight, 29.6±0.16 mg dry weight) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 Picloram. Organogenic calli were found to be inducing a maximum number of shoots (9.00±0.57) on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 BA in conjugation with 0.2 mg L-1 NAA, with a response percentage (52.66±1.52%). Among the various planting substrates investigated in combination, cocopeat and vermiculite showed the highest survival percentage (99.0±1.00%) in the acclimatisation experiment. The clonal fidelity of in vitro-regenerated plantlets to the mother plant was demonstrated by the DNA fingerprinting of the plantlets using ISSR primers. In order to induce in vitro polyploidization, shoot tips from the already formed multiple shoot cultures were immersed in different doses of colchicine solution for diverse amounts of time. The maximum rate of polyploidy induction (40.00%) was achieved during a 12-hour treatment with a 0.1% colchicine solution. The cytological study revealed that putative polyploids had a combination of diploid and tetraploid cells, which was further supported by FCM. Vincristine concentration was reported to be 1.49 times higher in colchicine- induced mixoploid (2348.85±0.60 μg g-1 DW) acclimatised plants compared to in vitro diploids (1577.22±0.67 μg g-1 DW) and about 2.29 times higher compared to the in vivo mother plant after treatment with a 0.1% colchicine solution for 12 hours. On the elicitor-supplemented media, the shoot tips from the multiple shoot culture and the induced calli from the in vitro leaves were injected. After 12 weeks of culture, it was shown that the shoot tip cultures on the medium supplemented with 50 mM AgNO3 had greater vincristine levels (2228.72±0.92 μg g-1 DW) than the control (1178.59 ± 0.87 μg g-1 DW), which is over 1.89 times higher than the control and 2.17 times higher than the in vivo mother plant. The calli on 50 M SA supplemented medium were also shown to have more vincristine (302.67 ± 1.45 μg g-1 DW) among elicited calli after 6 weeks of culture, however the non-elicited calli did not exhibit a peak for vincristine in HPTLC analysis. The findings of this study indicate great promise for a precise and effective in vitro direct and indirect regeneration system, elicitor-mediated enhanced vincristine production in C. roseus. Also, in vitro induction of polyploidy was attempted for the first time in C. roseus, which resulted in mixoploids with higher vincristine content. These findings can be employed as an addition to the current extraction techniques and as a source of vincristine for the pharmaceutical sectors.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSES ON LEAF AREA EXPANSION AND YIELD OF RICE UNDER LOW LIGHT INTENSITY(GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia – 741252, 2023-10-04) K. Nimitha; Dr. Somnath BhattacharyyaThe rice yield potential is adversely affected by the declined light intensity caused by the seasonal clouds in the wet season spanning from July to October. The mean solar radiation is immensely reduced in the wet season (<500 μmol m-2 s-1) compared to the dry season (1000 μmol m-2 s-1). This menacing effect of low growth irradiance is reflected in the considerable yield gap between eastern India’s dry and wet seasons (5.1 tones ha−1 vs. 2.8 tones ha−1). Moreover, low light irradiance harms grain quality, grain appearance, milling and eating quality, seed set percentage, and total dry matter production. Therefore, to secure a hunger- free world, there is a great necessity to assuage the low-light-stress consequences on rice productivity. No universal shade tolerance mechanism is observed in earlier studies; instead, genotypic-specific plasticity reduces yield loss. As the leaf area has a decisive role in improving photosynthesis and grain yield, it is imperative to know whether the shade-tolerant genotypes can modify leaf traits to improve the net assimilation rate and grain yield, even at 400 μmol m-2 s-1. The study observed a considerable variation of leaf-area expansion (LA) and specific leaf weight (SLW) reduction and the improvement of the net photosynthesis rate at 400 μmol m-2 s-1 (A400) in a set of twenty-five low light grown rice (35% light cut using the white net) genotypes compared to ambient-grown. Reduced SLW exhibited a higher A400 and grain yield reduction in lowlight adapted plants. Enhanced A400 in shade-adapted leaves is mainly due to intercellular CO2 concentration enhancement. Although the Chl a/b ratio improved in shade-grown plants, they correlate neither with high A400 nor with yield. So, SLW reduction ability could be a selection criterion for improving yield under low light intensity. A shade-responsive SLW reduction and leaf area expansion QTL, qSLWR1.1, was identified between 37.83- 38.84 Mbp on the Chromosome 1 in two consecutive years when mapping was done using genotypic data of one hundred thirty RILs by nine hundred twenty- seven polymorphic SNPs between Swarnaprabha and IR64. It explained 13.34% and 19.94% of the SLW reduction with a LOD of 4 and 10 in two consecutive years. However, the IR64 allele for qSLWR1.1 is desirable compared to Swarnaprabha for SLW reduction in the shade. The same QTL was also responsible for the leaf area expansion in the shade, explaining almost 20% variation in both years with average additivity from Swarnaprabha. Based on the shade responsiveness, when the nucleotide sequence of one peptide transporter gene, Os01g0872500, located within the newly identified QTL, was compared, an eight-nucleotide deletion in exon 1 of IR64 was observed compared to Swarnaprabha. In a RIL population developed from Swarnaprabha x IR64, 8nt deleted IR64 allele showed a significant association with yield loss alleviation with R2 value 0.12. Thus, the QTL and the allelic variant of the peptide transporter gene identified in this study can be used in improving yield where lowlight is a constraint, like vast eastern and northeastern India.ThesisItem Open Access Nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction in different quantitative and quality parameters of sesame(Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, INDIA, Pin-741252, 1998-07-28) Das, Aniruddha; T. G., Choudhury; S. K., SamantaAbstract not availableThesisItem Open Access Studies on the genetics of plant characters and on symbiotic association with Rhizobium in Arachis hypogaea L.(Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, INDIA, Pin-741252, 1992-06-22) Mandal, Manaranjan; S. K., BandyopadhyayAbstract not availableThesisItem Open Access Chemogenetical studies on the flower colour of Hibiscus species(Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, INDIA, Pin-741252, 1969-09-08) Mukhopadhyay, Rabindra Nath; S., SenAbstract not availableThesisItem Open Access Cytogenetic and genetic analyses of standard and translocation homozygotes in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)(Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, INDIA, Pin-741252, 1996-09-23) Santra, Chand Kumar; M. R., BiswasAbstract not availableThesisItem Open Access Studies on the role of cytoplasm on the inheritance of some characters in Sesamum indicum L.(Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, INDIA, Pin-741252, 1989-01-09) Ray, Susmita Dutta; Sen, SubirAbstract not availableThesisItem Open Access Genetic evaluation of breeding lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell) for yield and quality in Boron deficient soil(Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, INDIA, Pin-741252, 1998-08-19) Ghimiray, Tulsi Saran; K. K., SarkarAbstract available
