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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEIN RICH EXTRUDED PRODUCT FROM BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum) AND GREEN GRAM (Vigna radiata)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCINCES BANGALORE, 2024-02-11) DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEIN RICH EXTRUDED PRODUCT FROM BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum) AND GREEN GRAM (Vigna radiata); Viresh KumargoudaWith the increased modernization people’s perception towards the food habits too taking a leap that people prefer foods that are instantly be prepared along with nutritional aspects. Food products with high nutritional value with great taste to satisfy consumer needs are the need of the hour. Foods with low glycemic index and nutritionally rich are in great demand for the people involved in intense physical activities. The present study was carried out to develop cold extrudates (RTC) from buckwheat and green gram. Cold extruded products were developed by incorporation of buckwheat and green gram flour with wheat flour at varying levels. The blend was cold extruded at optimized extrusion conditions and the resultant pasta samples were assessed for their sensory and cooking characteristics. Pasta incorporated with composite blend (100 %) containing 40 % buckwheat and 10 % green gram and 50 % wheat flour was found to have optimum cooking characteristics and readily acceptance than other combinations. Product is packed in metalized polyester (50 μm) packaging material and kept at ambient conditions for three months to evaluate the storage behavior of the product. The parameters defining the quality i.e., moisture content, free fatty acid, peroxide value, colour, sensory evaluation and microbial analysis were conducted after every 15 days interval for a storage period of three months. The effect of storage time and packaging material was found to be significant on cold extrudates quality parameters and indicated that pasta is acceptable upto two months without any preservative under ambient conditions.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR PLANT HEALTH MANAGEMENT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCINCES BANGALORE, 2024-01-04) RAJU H S; ASHA N NThe Rhizobium associated with cowpea nodules were isolated, characterized and screened for plant growth promotional activity. The elite isolate was identified as Rhizobium nepotum OR574343. The bioinoculan ts viz., Bacillus subtilis, Frateuria aurantia, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum were also used in the study to develop microbial consortium. In vitro screening of bioinoculants was carried out by dual culture method against the cowpea fusarium wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum). The per cent growth inhibition by B. subtilis (48.15 %), P. fluorescens (61.11 %), and T. harzianum (76.30 %) was recorded. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, GKVK, with thirteen treatments replicated thrice consisting of various NPK levels (50, 75, and 100 percent RDF), microbial consortium and F. oxysporum. The microbial application (seed treatment and soil application). The treatments with 100% RDF + Microbial consortium (Seed treatment + soil application) + Fusarium oxysporum (T7) and 75% RDF + MC (ST+SA) + Fusarium oxysporum (T10) recorded higher disease reduction of 90.91% and 86.36% respectively. The same treatments recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes viz., plant height (164.33 and 162.67 cm), number of branches per plant (24.33 and 25.67 branches) and pod yield (99.33 and 107.00 g/plant) respectively and also recorded higher soil macronutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake at harvest. The application of the microbial consortium improved crop growth and yield by controlling the fusarium wilt disease.ThesisItem Open Access Agriculture Minister Focused on Drought-Hit Crops During Raichur District Tour Deccan Chronicle.| Gururaj A Paniyadi Published on: November 7, 2023 | Updated on: November 7, 2023 Agriculture Minister N Chaluvaraya Swamy, during his tour of Raichur district, prioritized a visit to the drought-stricken cotton and tur crop areas across various hoblis of Raichur taluk on Monday.(Image: DC) Agriculture Minister N Chaluvaraya Swamy, during his tour of Raichur district, prioritized a visit to the drought-stricken cotton and tur crop areas across various hoblis of Raichur taluk on Monday.(Image: DC) Raichur: Agriculture Minister N Chaluvaraya Swamy, during his tour of Raichur district, prioritized a visit to the drought-stricken cotton and tur crop areas across various hoblis of Raichur taluk on Monday. Accompanied by officials, the minister examined the drought-affected cotton crops. At the farm of Narasimhulu, he personally engaged with the farmers, attentively listening to their grievances. Minister Chaluvaraya Swamy stressed the importance of farmers securing crop insurance annually, in addition to anticipating government assistance. Responding to the plea from farmers for concessions on BT cotton seeds, similar to those provided for other crops, the minister assured that a decision would be reached after consultations with departmental officials. In his address at the inauguration of the International Conference of Agricultural Engineers held at the Raichur Agricultural University auditorium the Minister stressed the pivotal role played by agricultural institutions, universities, and research centers in guiding farmers towards adopting technology that facilitates efficient and cost-effective cultivation in an era of evolving environmental conditions. Advertisement The minister highlighted the evolving nature of the environment, with soil quality deteriorating and farmers grappling with challenges. He emphasized the need for agricultural colleges and universities across the state to proactively engage with farmers, asserting that they play a crucial role in this process. Minister Chaluvaraya Swamy also emphasized the potential of educational institutions specializing in agriculture in advancing the nation's agricultural sector.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-12) SAHANA. M.; M. L. REVANNAMillets are small seeded grains, taxonomically belonging to family Poaceae, considered as crop of food security because of the sustainability in adverse agro climatic conditions.Millets are good source of energy, dietary fiber, gluten free, slowly digestible starch and thus provide sustained release of glucose and thereby satiety. Plastic is a great threat to the entire ecosystem so, there is a considerable need to replace plastic cutlery with better alternatives like edible cutlery as it is generally recognized as EBO (eco-friendly, biodegradable and organic). Millet based edible cutleries will ‟create a market force” for the local farmers by bringing back demand for millets. On the other hand, consumable containers cum ready to eat food are becoming a hot trend globally. Therefore, the study entitled “Formulation and evaluation of millet based edible cutleries” was conducted with the objectives to develop and analyse the physico-chemical, functional and storage stability of developed edible cutleries with functional ingredients for best accepted standardized products in the proportion of refined wheat flour(40g), white finger millet flour(40g), little millet flour(40g), foxtail millet flour(40g), whole wheat flour(20g), sugar(12g), margarine(2g), corn starch(2.5g), xanthan gum(2g), milk powder(4.5g), sorghum flour(15g), salt(0.5g) and vanilla essence(0.5g). Sensory acceptability of developed cutleries was in the range of moderately to like extremely on a nine-point hedonic scale. The standardized millet based edible cutleries were found to be nutritionally superior in terms of fiber, protein, carbohydrates, energy, calcium and iron. Significant differences were observed in sensory scores, moisture, free fatty acid of millet based edible cutleries stored in Metallized polyester polyethylene compared to that stored in Aluminium silver foil packaging materials. Changes in microbial counts were within permissible limits in samples stored in both packaging materials. The developed millet based edible cutleries were nutritious with good storage stability.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SEED SOURCE AND NURSERY MANAGEMENT REGIME IN INDIAN SANDALWOOD (Santalum album L.)(2025-12-30) SHWETHA, V. R.; M. MAHADEVAMURTHYA study was conducted to identify the potential seed sources from different regions of Karnataka and to develop nursery management regime for sandalwood. Seeds were collected from seven different locations of Karnataka (S1-Bevinahally; S2-Doranalu; S3-Gottipura; S4-Gungaraghatti; S5-Muddenahally; S6-Narasapura; S7-Tavarekere) and to compare S8-Marayoor seeds were procured from Kerala Forest Research Institute. Seed source S8 (68.66%) displayed the highest germination. Among the Karnataka seed sources S3-Gottipura (51.67%) recorded the highest germination and growth parameters. To improve the germination of Gottipura seed source, three distinct priming methods were employed, viz., biopriming with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride, nutripriming with varying concentrations of KNO3 and MnSO4, and hydropriming with double distilled water. Nutriprimimg with MnSO4, at 0.4M concentration for 3 days, yielded optimal germination (84.00%), and hydroprimimg yielded lowest germination of all priming methods. Next step in nursery management regime is selecting suitable container and optimizing potting media for quality stocking production. Different types and sizes of container and potting media were evaluated. Out of 20 combinations studied 30 cm x 20 cm poly bag, in combination with a potting media soil, rice husk, and farmyard manure in 2:1:1 ratio, consistently recorded superior seedling growth. The assessed growth attributes, were significantly enhanced with this specific combination. Later growth attributes of the species was evaluated with six different host species (Crotalaria juncia, Mimosa pudica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria retusa and Alternanthera sessilis). Host species Crotalaria retusa recorded the highest growth attributes. Economic viability of the the treatments was also assessed. These series of experiments collectively offer a holistic framework for Indian sandalwood nursery management regimeThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF TREE COMPOSITION AND THEIR ROLE IN REGULATING ENVIRONMENT QUALITY IN THE URBAN ECOSYSTEM(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES BANGALORE, 2023-04-07) ABHILASH K P; DEVAKUMAR A SUrban trees provide many ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, air purification, and biodiversity conservation rendering the atmosphere to remain clean. The present study investigates the diversity of trees that were present in different landscapes such as residential areas, tree avenues, parks, industrial areas, and around the lake in Bengaluru city. A total of 44 tree species belonging to 23 families were found of which, Saraca asoca, Santalum album found among the species are considered as vulnerable and Michelia champaca is endangered in the Karnataka region according to the IUCN red list of tree species. Among the tree species, the highest carbon sequestration per tree was found to occur in Peltophorum pterocarpum and the lowest was in Tabebuia argentea. It is found that dust accumulated on trees present on the roadside due to vehicular movement was more, compared to the roads with less vehicular movement. Similarly, dust produced during pre-monsoon periods was more compared to post-monsoon. Among the dominant tree species found in the urban landscapes, Gravillea robusta recorded the highest photosynthetic rate and the least was recorded in Spathodia companulata. Pongamia pinnata recorded the highest reduction in photosynthesis due to dust deposition while Swietenia mahagoni recorded the least reduction. Based on the physiological response and pollution tolerance levels of the tree species it is found that Swietenia mahagoni has the highest ability to tolerate stress caused by pollution. Thus, growing appropriate tree species in different parts of the urban areas depending on the pollution rates are necessary. Growing trees not only ameliorate climate but can also help in conserving biodiversity and other ecosystem services.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON CALLUS INDUCTION POTENTIAL IN LOCAL PADDY VARIETIES Oryza sativa L. indica(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) TATHAGATA CHANDA; Bhavani, P.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop globally and is studied extensively. Indica rice is reported to be recalcitrant for in vitro culture techniques which make it difficult for genetic transformations and molecular studies. The present study is to establish in vitro protocol for indica rice. Surface sterilisation of seeds was done with different sterilizing agents, 0.05% HgCl2 for 1 min was best. MS salts with different combinations of growth hormones, carbon sources were used. Azucena (Japonica) performed best in media containing sucrose and 2,4- D whereas IR64 (Indica) in media containing maltose and a combination of 2,4-D and kinetin. Varietal variations were observed in callus induction and callus growth. IR-30864 showed initiation in 7 days whereas CTH-1 took 15 days. Among 20 varieties, four varieties that performed better are KMP-220, KCP-1, CTH- 3, Paustic-1. The incubation conditions had an impact on callus induction percentage and days to callus induction. Paustic-1 showed the most change in callus induction percentage and days to callus induction doubled in IR- 30864. Bacterial contamination showed no sign of reduction even when seeds were treated for 1 min with streptomycin sulphate before inoculation. CTH-3 showed the highest contamination. Morphogenetic media containing different concentrations of BAP/Kinetin and NAA was used for evaluation. In media containing NAA (0.5mg/l) and BAP (2.5mg/l) KMP- 220, IR-30864, KCP-1, CTH-3, Rathna chudi showed root growth. In all other combinations callus browning and ultimately blackening were observed. A highly efficient and widely used tissue culture system for indica rice will accelerate the application of gene editing and transformation technology in breeding programs.ThesisItem Embargo STUDY OF SEQUENCE PATTERN OF MAJOR GENES OF STEROL PATHWAY AND SYNTHESIS OF STEROLS IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS IN PADDY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) VASANI FORAM PARESH; Bhavani, P.Rice is a major crop used by two-thirds of the population over the world as a staple food. Drought stress is the most important constraint in rice production. Plant sterols, generally known as phytosterols, are integral components of the membrane lipid bilayer. Their levels are high in plants when exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. The levels of two major phytosterols, campesterol and stigmasterol were analysed to check for their association with different levels of drought stress. Seeds were sterilized and grown in Hoagland media for 10 days. Thereafter, drought was induced with solution of PEG-8000 in varying concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15 %) for 10 days. The total sterols were then extracted in hexane and analysed using RP-HPLC where the injection volume was 20 μL and the detection was done at 210 nm. Phytosterol concentration was observed to have increased in all the genotypes as the level of PEG treatment increased. The genotype VARY MALADY showed the highest concentration of campesterol whereas UPRH 31 showed the highest level of stigmasterol among the seven genotypes analyzed. It was observed that phytosterol levels are high in plants exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. There is evidence that an increase in Steryl Ester (SE) level during aging and senescence is a mechanism for recycling of the membrane lipid sterols, a similar mechanism may be at work during stress conditions which is also associated with catabolism of membrane lipids.ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT OF SALT TOLERANT VERSION OF KMP-149 RICE VARIETY THROUGH MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSS BREEDING(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) SANDESH G M; C. A. DEEPAKRice is a major cereal that nourishes more than half of the global population but productivity of rice is greatly affected by soil salinity across the world which is the second most widespread abiotic stress after drought. In the present investigation 36 rice genotypes were identified as saline tolerant following screening in 100 mM NaCl salt solution with six genotypes having new haplotype. Further, we have developed salt tolerant versions of KMP-149 through marker assisted backcross breeding by successful introgression of Saltol QTL into the genetic background of KMP-149 from the donor FL478 using Saltol QTL linked markers. While SSR markers RM8094, RM3412 and RM10748 were used in foreground selection, 77 unrelated polymorphic markers were employed for background selection. Backcrossing the F1s harboring Saltol QTL with KMP-149 as recurrent parent resulted in BC1F1 population. The foreground selection among BC1F1 plants revealed 14 triple positive plants, which were backcrossed to generate BC2F1. Background selection in plants morphologically similar to KMP-149 showed highest genome recovery of 79.87 % and 90.26 % at BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations, respectively. Foreground selection among selected 70 BC2F2 plants identified 15 homozygous Saltol QTL positive plants with highest genome recovery of 93.51%. Similarly, in BC3F1 generation 11 plants were having Saltol QTL and had a highest genome recovery of 95.45%. In BC2F3 generation, six lines were identified as tolerant to salt stress with a visual salt injury score of 3 on screening for salinity tolerance at 100 mM NaCl concentration. BC2F2 and BC3F1 plants possessing Saltol QTL had grain and plant type comparable to that of KMP-149. Hence, improved version of KMP-149, with tolerance to salt stress, appear promising for enhancing rice production in salinity-affected soils.ThesisItem Embargo BIOEFFICACY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker F.) UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) PRAVEEN RANADEV; K. NAGARAJUThe bioefficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against major insect pests of gerbera was studied under polyhouse conditions. Out of the 81 fungal isolates isolated from two agro-climatic zones of Karnataka, India, 16 isolates showed insecticidal activity and were identified as Metarhizium spp. Beauveria spp. Aspergillus spp. Lecanicillium spp. Isaria spp. and Hirsutella spp. Additionally, the 16 isolates were examined for cuticle degrading enzyme activity, namely chitinase, protease and lipase. The enzymes activity of Beauveria sp. and Lecanicillium sp. ranged between 0.87-1.21 U/ml, 0.1-0.32 U/mL, and 0.28-0.43 U/mL, respectively. The leaf discs treated with Lecanicillium sp. (ENPF-24 & ENPF-41), Beauveria (ENPF-60) and Hirsutella sp. (ENPF-58) showed significantly higher mortality rate in test insects (aphids, thrips, mites and whitefly). The LC50 and LT50 were determined by probit analysis and the lowest LC50 (9.4×104, 1.5×105 and 1.5×105 conidia/mL) and LT50 (5.7, 5.89, and 5.51 days) were recorded from Lecanicillium sp. (ENPF-41). Sabouraud’s dextrose was found to be the best medium to produce entomopathogenic isolates. Further, Among the agro-wastes, the isolates produced significantly higher conidial in sorghum grains fortified with 10% molasses, followed by the treatment, 25% paddy husk + 25% Bagasse + 25% PMS + 25% Crushed Sorghum grains + 10% molasses. Subsequently, six virulent strains of entomopathogenic fungi were molecularly identified as Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium lecanii, Isaria fumosorosea and Hirsutella thompsonii. Under polyhouse conditions, the application of biocontrol agents reduced the gerbera pest population by 35-50%. Native entomopathogenic fungal isolates performed better than reference strains.
