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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access Agriculture Minister Focused on Drought-Hit Crops During Raichur District Tour Deccan Chronicle.| Gururaj A Paniyadi Published on: November 7, 2023 | Updated on: November 7, 2023 Agriculture Minister N Chaluvaraya Swamy, during his tour of Raichur district, prioritized a visit to the drought-stricken cotton and tur crop areas across various hoblis of Raichur taluk on Monday.(Image: DC) Agriculture Minister N Chaluvaraya Swamy, during his tour of Raichur district, prioritized a visit to the drought-stricken cotton and tur crop areas across various hoblis of Raichur taluk on Monday.(Image: DC) Raichur: Agriculture Minister N Chaluvaraya Swamy, during his tour of Raichur district, prioritized a visit to the drought-stricken cotton and tur crop areas across various hoblis of Raichur taluk on Monday. Accompanied by officials, the minister examined the drought-affected cotton crops. At the farm of Narasimhulu, he personally engaged with the farmers, attentively listening to their grievances. Minister Chaluvaraya Swamy stressed the importance of farmers securing crop insurance annually, in addition to anticipating government assistance. Responding to the plea from farmers for concessions on BT cotton seeds, similar to those provided for other crops, the minister assured that a decision would be reached after consultations with departmental officials. In his address at the inauguration of the International Conference of Agricultural Engineers held at the Raichur Agricultural University auditorium the Minister stressed the pivotal role played by agricultural institutions, universities, and research centers in guiding farmers towards adopting technology that facilitates efficient and cost-effective cultivation in an era of evolving environmental conditions. Advertisement The minister highlighted the evolving nature of the environment, with soil quality deteriorating and farmers grappling with challenges. He emphasized the need for agricultural colleges and universities across the state to proactively engage with farmers, asserting that they play a crucial role in this process. Minister Chaluvaraya Swamy also emphasized the potential of educational institutions specializing in agriculture in advancing the nation's agricultural sector.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-12) SAHANA. M.; M. L. REVANNAMillets are small seeded grains, taxonomically belonging to family Poaceae, considered as crop of food security because of the sustainability in adverse agro climatic conditions.Millets are good source of energy, dietary fiber, gluten free, slowly digestible starch and thus provide sustained release of glucose and thereby satiety. Plastic is a great threat to the entire ecosystem so, there is a considerable need to replace plastic cutlery with better alternatives like edible cutlery as it is generally recognized as EBO (eco-friendly, biodegradable and organic). Millet based edible cutleries will ‟create a market force” for the local farmers by bringing back demand for millets. On the other hand, consumable containers cum ready to eat food are becoming a hot trend globally. Therefore, the study entitled “Formulation and evaluation of millet based edible cutleries” was conducted with the objectives to develop and analyse the physico-chemical, functional and storage stability of developed edible cutleries with functional ingredients for best accepted standardized products in the proportion of refined wheat flour(40g), white finger millet flour(40g), little millet flour(40g), foxtail millet flour(40g), whole wheat flour(20g), sugar(12g), margarine(2g), corn starch(2.5g), xanthan gum(2g), milk powder(4.5g), sorghum flour(15g), salt(0.5g) and vanilla essence(0.5g). Sensory acceptability of developed cutleries was in the range of moderately to like extremely on a nine-point hedonic scale. The standardized millet based edible cutleries were found to be nutritionally superior in terms of fiber, protein, carbohydrates, energy, calcium and iron. Significant differences were observed in sensory scores, moisture, free fatty acid of millet based edible cutleries stored in Metallized polyester polyethylene compared to that stored in Aluminium silver foil packaging materials. Changes in microbial counts were within permissible limits in samples stored in both packaging materials. The developed millet based edible cutleries were nutritious with good storage stability.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF TREE COMPOSITION AND THEIR ROLE IN REGULATING ENVIRONMENT QUALITY IN THE URBAN ECOSYSTEM(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES BANGALORE, 2023-04-07) ABHILASH K P; DEVAKUMAR A SUrban trees provide many ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, air purification, and biodiversity conservation rendering the atmosphere to remain clean. The present study investigates the diversity of trees that were present in different landscapes such as residential areas, tree avenues, parks, industrial areas, and around the lake in Bengaluru city. A total of 44 tree species belonging to 23 families were found of which, Saraca asoca, Santalum album found among the species are considered as vulnerable and Michelia champaca is endangered in the Karnataka region according to the IUCN red list of tree species. Among the tree species, the highest carbon sequestration per tree was found to occur in Peltophorum pterocarpum and the lowest was in Tabebuia argentea. It is found that dust accumulated on trees present on the roadside due to vehicular movement was more, compared to the roads with less vehicular movement. Similarly, dust produced during pre-monsoon periods was more compared to post-monsoon. Among the dominant tree species found in the urban landscapes, Gravillea robusta recorded the highest photosynthetic rate and the least was recorded in Spathodia companulata. Pongamia pinnata recorded the highest reduction in photosynthesis due to dust deposition while Swietenia mahagoni recorded the least reduction. Based on the physiological response and pollution tolerance levels of the tree species it is found that Swietenia mahagoni has the highest ability to tolerate stress caused by pollution. Thus, growing appropriate tree species in different parts of the urban areas depending on the pollution rates are necessary. Growing trees not only ameliorate climate but can also help in conserving biodiversity and other ecosystem services.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON CALLUS INDUCTION POTENTIAL IN LOCAL PADDY VARIETIES Oryza sativa L. indica(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) TATHAGATA CHANDA; Bhavani, P.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop globally and is studied extensively. Indica rice is reported to be recalcitrant for in vitro culture techniques which make it difficult for genetic transformations and molecular studies. The present study is to establish in vitro protocol for indica rice. Surface sterilisation of seeds was done with different sterilizing agents, 0.05% HgCl2 for 1 min was best. MS salts with different combinations of growth hormones, carbon sources were used. Azucena (Japonica) performed best in media containing sucrose and 2,4- D whereas IR64 (Indica) in media containing maltose and a combination of 2,4-D and kinetin. Varietal variations were observed in callus induction and callus growth. IR-30864 showed initiation in 7 days whereas CTH-1 took 15 days. Among 20 varieties, four varieties that performed better are KMP-220, KCP-1, CTH- 3, Paustic-1. The incubation conditions had an impact on callus induction percentage and days to callus induction. Paustic-1 showed the most change in callus induction percentage and days to callus induction doubled in IR- 30864. Bacterial contamination showed no sign of reduction even when seeds were treated for 1 min with streptomycin sulphate before inoculation. CTH-3 showed the highest contamination. Morphogenetic media containing different concentrations of BAP/Kinetin and NAA was used for evaluation. In media containing NAA (0.5mg/l) and BAP (2.5mg/l) KMP- 220, IR-30864, KCP-1, CTH-3, Rathna chudi showed root growth. In all other combinations callus browning and ultimately blackening were observed. A highly efficient and widely used tissue culture system for indica rice will accelerate the application of gene editing and transformation technology in breeding programs.ThesisItem Embargo STUDY OF SEQUENCE PATTERN OF MAJOR GENES OF STEROL PATHWAY AND SYNTHESIS OF STEROLS IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS IN PADDY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) VASANI FORAM PARESH; Bhavani, P.Rice is a major crop used by two-thirds of the population over the world as a staple food. Drought stress is the most important constraint in rice production. Plant sterols, generally known as phytosterols, are integral components of the membrane lipid bilayer. Their levels are high in plants when exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. The levels of two major phytosterols, campesterol and stigmasterol were analysed to check for their association with different levels of drought stress. Seeds were sterilized and grown in Hoagland media for 10 days. Thereafter, drought was induced with solution of PEG-8000 in varying concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15 %) for 10 days. The total sterols were then extracted in hexane and analysed using RP-HPLC where the injection volume was 20 μL and the detection was done at 210 nm. Phytosterol concentration was observed to have increased in all the genotypes as the level of PEG treatment increased. The genotype VARY MALADY showed the highest concentration of campesterol whereas UPRH 31 showed the highest level of stigmasterol among the seven genotypes analyzed. It was observed that phytosterol levels are high in plants exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. There is evidence that an increase in Steryl Ester (SE) level during aging and senescence is a mechanism for recycling of the membrane lipid sterols, a similar mechanism may be at work during stress conditions which is also associated with catabolism of membrane lipids.ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT OF SALT TOLERANT VERSION OF KMP-149 RICE VARIETY THROUGH MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSS BREEDING(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) SANDESH G M; C. A. DEEPAKRice is a major cereal that nourishes more than half of the global population but productivity of rice is greatly affected by soil salinity across the world which is the second most widespread abiotic stress after drought. In the present investigation 36 rice genotypes were identified as saline tolerant following screening in 100 mM NaCl salt solution with six genotypes having new haplotype. Further, we have developed salt tolerant versions of KMP-149 through marker assisted backcross breeding by successful introgression of Saltol QTL into the genetic background of KMP-149 from the donor FL478 using Saltol QTL linked markers. While SSR markers RM8094, RM3412 and RM10748 were used in foreground selection, 77 unrelated polymorphic markers were employed for background selection. Backcrossing the F1s harboring Saltol QTL with KMP-149 as recurrent parent resulted in BC1F1 population. The foreground selection among BC1F1 plants revealed 14 triple positive plants, which were backcrossed to generate BC2F1. Background selection in plants morphologically similar to KMP-149 showed highest genome recovery of 79.87 % and 90.26 % at BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations, respectively. Foreground selection among selected 70 BC2F2 plants identified 15 homozygous Saltol QTL positive plants with highest genome recovery of 93.51%. Similarly, in BC3F1 generation 11 plants were having Saltol QTL and had a highest genome recovery of 95.45%. In BC2F3 generation, six lines were identified as tolerant to salt stress with a visual salt injury score of 3 on screening for salinity tolerance at 100 mM NaCl concentration. BC2F2 and BC3F1 plants possessing Saltol QTL had grain and plant type comparable to that of KMP-149. Hence, improved version of KMP-149, with tolerance to salt stress, appear promising for enhancing rice production in salinity-affected soils.ThesisItem Embargo BIOEFFICACY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker F.) UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) PRAVEEN RANADEV; K. NAGARAJUThe bioefficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against major insect pests of gerbera was studied under polyhouse conditions. Out of the 81 fungal isolates isolated from two agro-climatic zones of Karnataka, India, 16 isolates showed insecticidal activity and were identified as Metarhizium spp. Beauveria spp. Aspergillus spp. Lecanicillium spp. Isaria spp. and Hirsutella spp. Additionally, the 16 isolates were examined for cuticle degrading enzyme activity, namely chitinase, protease and lipase. The enzymes activity of Beauveria sp. and Lecanicillium sp. ranged between 0.87-1.21 U/ml, 0.1-0.32 U/mL, and 0.28-0.43 U/mL, respectively. The leaf discs treated with Lecanicillium sp. (ENPF-24 & ENPF-41), Beauveria (ENPF-60) and Hirsutella sp. (ENPF-58) showed significantly higher mortality rate in test insects (aphids, thrips, mites and whitefly). The LC50 and LT50 were determined by probit analysis and the lowest LC50 (9.4×104, 1.5×105 and 1.5×105 conidia/mL) and LT50 (5.7, 5.89, and 5.51 days) were recorded from Lecanicillium sp. (ENPF-41). Sabouraud’s dextrose was found to be the best medium to produce entomopathogenic isolates. Further, Among the agro-wastes, the isolates produced significantly higher conidial in sorghum grains fortified with 10% molasses, followed by the treatment, 25% paddy husk + 25% Bagasse + 25% PMS + 25% Crushed Sorghum grains + 10% molasses. Subsequently, six virulent strains of entomopathogenic fungi were molecularly identified as Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium lecanii, Isaria fumosorosea and Hirsutella thompsonii. Under polyhouse conditions, the application of biocontrol agents reduced the gerbera pest population by 35-50%. Native entomopathogenic fungal isolates performed better than reference strains.ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CORE SETS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L. Merrill) GERMPLASM(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-25) KAVERI CHAWAN; P. RavishankarThe development of a reduced representative set from a large base collection enhances its role in crop improvement. Considering the size of current soybean germplasm (2000 accessions) obtained from IISR (Indian Institute of Soybean Research), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, felt the difficulty in conserving, characterizing, and evaluating it, an attempt was made to develop a core set in order to increase its usage in breeding. A set of 2000 germplasm accessions along with 3 check varieties were characterized for 13 qualitative traits and 7 quantitative traits following augmented design at GKVK, UAS, Bengaluru. Substantial polymorphism for qualitative traits and genetic variability for quantitative traits in the germplasm were observed. A total of eight core sets were developed using seven quantitative traits data following standard stratified clustering approach. Qualitative trait-based statistics such as chi-square test, class coverage and Shannon-Weaver diversity index were used as validation criteria to examine homogeneity, retention of qualitative traits-based classes, and polymorphism diversity respectively. Quantitative trait-based univariate statistics (mean and variance) and standardized multivariate statistics (SMD%, CR%, VD% and VR%) were used to assess the representativeness of core sets. A Core set of 15 per cent size developed using logarithmic sampling with preferred allocation strategy was identified as the best representative of the base collection. This core set is suggested as a priority resource for use in breeding programme. To identify trait specific accessions from the core set, 300 (15% core size) soybean germplasm accessions were characterized for 13 qualitative traits and 7 quantitative traits using augmented design at two locations, viz., GKVK Bengaluru and KVK Dodballapura, during Kharif 2022. Based on early flowering, less plant height, early maturity and higher expression of accessions for other four traits, single trait-specific and multiple trait-specific accessions were identified. Twenty five accessions were found promising for combination of desirable traits.ThesisItem Embargo Business Performance of Rice Mills in Gangavathi area of Karnataka – A Comparative Analysis(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-26) Shafi H. B.; Arun, M.Rice is the staple and extensively cultivated food crop in world. Gangavathi being one major producer of paddy and being “rice bowl of Karnataka”. Rice is obtained by milling paddy hence it was necessary to view financial status rice mills in that area. Thus, present study undertaken for financial assessment for different size categories of mills (10 sample), costs and returns of paddy processing units (30 samples) and efficiency of marketing channels of processed paddy in the Tungabhadra command area of Karnataka. The findings show that, net income of small, medium and large were Rs.6 crores, Rs.15 crores and Rs.46 crores respectively. B:C for small medium and large found to be 1.41, 1.71 and 1.92 respectively. economics of scale has favoured for large mills 116/quantal whilst for small Rs.416/ quantal. In cases of small, medium and large mills solvency condition was observed to be sound in the current ratio of 8.66, 4.97 and 4.01 respectively. In case of Net worth for small, medium and large it was found 66.83 lakhs, -70.31 lakhs and 124 lakhs economics of scale favouring large mills. Price spread was highest in channel III (Rs. 965) and lowest in channel III (Rs. 225). The marketing efficiency was highest in for marketing channel IV (16.4) and lowest for channel I (8.07) with large number of intermediates.ThesisItem Embargo EFFECT OF FERTIGATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY IN AEROBIC RICE-COWPEA CROPPING SEQUENCE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-15) JAYANTHI, T.; P. K. BASAVARAJAA field experiment was undertaken at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru to study the effect of fertigation on growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency in aerobic rice-cowpea cropping sequence during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Hybrid rice was tested under aerobic condition with 16 treatments replicated thrice in randomized block design. Treatments includes Control, 100% RDF through conventional fertilizers (CF) as per package of practice (PoP), application of RDF with CF through fertigation at 4 and 8 days interval and also different doses (30, 50 & 100%) of fertilisers through recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and soil test crop response (STCR) approaches using water soluble fertilizers (WSF) through fertigation at 4 and 8 days interval (DI). The results indicated that, significantly higher plant height, tillers hill-1 and total dry matter accumulation hill-1, panicles hill-1, test weight, filled grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield (62.98 q ha-1) and straw yield (85.26 q ha-1) of aerobic rice were recorded with 100% STCR dose through fertigation of WSF at 8 DI over soil application of 100% RDF through CF as per PoP. Similarly, significantly higher uptake of primary and secondary nutrients by rice was recorded in treatment receiving fertigation with 100% STCR dose through WSF at 8 DI. However, significantly higher available N, P2O5 and K2O contents in soil were recorded in fertigation with 100% STCR dose through WSF at 4 DI. Treatment with 100% RDF through CF at 4 DI recorded significantly higher B: C ratio (2.74). In the residual study with cowpea crop, treatment with 100% RDF through WSF at 8 DI for aerobic rice recorded significantly higher plant height, branches plant-1, total dry matter accumulation plant-1, pods plant-1, pod length, seeds pod-1, test weight, seed yield (12.94 q ha-1) and haulm yield (26.17 q ha-1) of cowpea.
