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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AT MAHATMA GANDHI BOTANICAL GARDEN, GKVK, BANGALORE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-11-06) PRAVEEN KUMAR, M B; KRISHNAMURTHY, RThe study was conducted to assess the ecosystem services at Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden, GKVK, Bangalore. The present research relvealed that the garden contains 2140 trees belonging to 186 tree species, which are having girth at breast height 30 cm. The tree diversity was found to be highest in block-1 and lowest in block-2, where the number of tree species were found to be 83 and 34 respectively. Millettia pinnata, Azadirachta indica and Albizia lebbeck are the three major tree species, comprises around 27.73 percentage of the total tree population. Sixty-eight per cent of trees in botanical garden falls under the girth classes 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm and sixty-one point five per cent of tree fall under height classes 6-9 m, 9-12 m and 12-15 m. The aboveground biomass and belowground biomass was recorded highest in Albizia lebbeck. Total carbon stock was recorded highest in exotic tree species than native tree species. Carbon sequestration was found to be highest in trees belonging to Fabaceae family. Organic carbon and soil available nutrient content decreased with increase in the depth, and enzyme activity and microbial count was found to be higher in the surface soil. Total monetary value of nutrient in botanical garden was Rs. 330901.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POMEGRANATE WILT CAUSED BY Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst.(2021-12-27) SUHAS RAJENDRA, LOKURE; SOMASEKHARA, Y M.Pomegranate is an important commercially grown fruit crop of India. The crop suffers from many diseases, among them wilt caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst. is a major threat to pomegranate production. The present investigation was undertaken to know the occurrence of the disease in southern Karnataka, in vitro evaluation of fungicide, bio-agents and botanicals. The maximum wilt incidence was observed in Yelladakere (62.06%) followed by Maralavadi (52.00%) and Veerapura (40.00%). The pathogen was identified based on molecular studies as C. fimbriata (OK597212). The pathogen grew well on potato dextrose agar, potato carrot agar and corn meal agar media. The favourable temperature of 30°C and pH 7.0 were found ideal for the growth of the pathogen. Among different fungicides, propiconazole (81.25%), propineb (92.98%) and carbendazim + mancozeb (saaf) (100%) were found most effective under in vitro condition. The highest inhibition of the pathogen was found in pongamia leaf extract (59.83%). Among the fungal and bacterial bio-agents Trichoderma viride-Tv 3 (80.55%) and Bacillus subtilis Dharwad isolate (63.33%) were showed maximum mycelial inhibition of C. fimbriata under in vitro conditions.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PLANTING GEOMETRY OF PIGEONPEA AND SUITABLE INTERCROPS UNDER EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA (ZONE - V)(2021-12-23) LAXMAN, NAVI; ATHEEKUR REHMAN, H M.The field experiment entitled “Studies on planting geometry of pigeonpea and suitable intercrops under Eastern dry zone of Karnataka (Zone - V)” was conducted during Kharif, 2020 at ‘K’ Block, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bengaluru to evaluate suitable intercrop (field bean, vegetable soybean and Chia) and planting geometry (normal and paired row planting with 4’ and 5’ between pairs) and its effect on growth, yield and economics of the intercropping. The experiment had 15 treatments which were replicated thrice in Randomised Complete Block Design. Higher pigeonpea seed and stalk yield (1813 and 4218 kg ha-1, respectively) was observed in paired row (120/60 cm x 30 cm) planting which was on par with intercropping of field bean (1:2) and vegetable soybean (1:3) under 120/60 x 30 cm paired row. The data revealed higher seed yield was mainly attributed to higher plant height, leaf area index, total dry matter production, no. of pods per plant and weight of pods per plant. In the intercropping system, paired row (120/60 cm x 30 cm) planting of pigeonpea with vegetable soybean (1:3) as intercrop recorded higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (1843 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 2,19,030 ha-1) and benefit:cost ratio (6.27) than rest spacing and intercropping treatments. However, significantly higher system indices like LER (1.69) and ATER (1.29) were recorded with paired row (150/60 cm x 45 cm) planting of pigeonpea with vegetable soybean (1:4) as intercrop in the intercropping system.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF POLLINATOR DIVERSITY IN CAPSICUM (Capsicum annuum L.) AND SUNN HEMP (Crotalaria juncea L.) AND IMPACT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF POLLINATION ON FRUIT YIELD PARAMETERS OF CAPSICUM(2021-11-19) GANA, P K.; JAGADISH, K S.The study was carried at the Departments of Apiculture and Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2020-21. Flower initiation in capsicum (var. Nemalite) commenced at 15.50±0.94 days after bud development. Peak anthesis and anther dehiscence started at around 09:00 hrs. and 11:00 hrs respectively. Pollen was viable for three days. Stigma was receptive for four days. Comparison of pollinator diversity revealed that sunn hemp and capsicum flowers were visited by totally 18 and 6 species of floral visitors, belonging to orders Hymenoptera, Lepidopteran, Dipteran and Thysanoptera, respectively. In sunn hemp and capsicum peak abundance of floral visitors were observed from 09:00 to 13:00 hrs and 10:00 to 11:00 hrs, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity index in sunn hemp and capsicum ranged between 0.936 to 2.244 and 0.00 to 1.099, respectively. Berger-Parker dominance index was highest for Megachile spp. (d = 0.207) in sunn hemp and Ischiodon scutellaris (d=0.45) in capsicum. Ischiodon scutellaris and Apis cerana were the common floral visitors for both capsicum and sunn hemp. The time spent for foraging and the number of flowers visited per minute by floral visitors were relatively lesser on capsicum than in sunnhemp. Sunn hemp had comparatively higher pollen quantity and higher TSS content in its nectar, thus attracting greater number of floral visitors than capsicum. Significantly higher fruit yield and qualitative parameters were recorded in the capsicum fruits obtained from hand cross pollinated flowers, followed by capsicum plants enclosed with A. cerana colony, as compared to other modes of pollination.ThesisItem Open Access STABILITY OF ADVANCED BREEDING LINES AND WORKING COLLECTIONS FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS AND RESPONSES TO CHILLI LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE (ChiLCVD) IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-28) VISHNUKANT; A. MOHAN RAOAn investigation was carried out to assess the stability of 20 advanced breeding lines (ABLs) and 10 working collections (WCs) for yield and yield attributing traits across three temporal environments (2019 kharif, 2019-2020 rabi-summer and 2020 kharif ) at the Experimental plots of ‘K’ block, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru and for responses to chilli leaf curl virus disease across three temporal environments (2019 summer, 2020 summer and 2021 early-kharif ) at Main Research Station, UAS, Bangalore in two separate experiments. Experiments were carried out to detect and quantify Genotype × Environment interaction and to identify stable ABLs and WCs with respect to yield performance and resistant response to ChiLCVD. ABLs and WCs were evaluated in RCBD with two replications. Significant differences among the ABLs and WCs were detected for all traits under study, indicating significant genetic variability. Significant differences for ABL and WC × environment interaction was detected for average fruit length (cm), average fruit weight (g), green fruit yield plant-1 (g), red fruit yield plant-1 (g), and responses to ChiLCVD. The proportion of total variation attributable to ABLs and WCs main effect was higher than main effects of environment and ABLs and WCs × environment interaction for all traits. Lower estimates of ASV and SI by WCs S343, PDL1 and 9967-9611 and by ABL AV 13 for green fruit yield plant-1 indicated their stable and higher performance cross three temporal environments as these are less responsive to environmental variations.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF TERMINAL MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANT DOLICHOS BEAN (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet, var. lignosus) BACKCROSS INBRED LINES (BILS)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-28) S. R. GOWDA; S. RameshPredominantly rain-fed crops like dolichos bean frequently experience terminal moisture stress (TMS) resulting in huge grain yield losses. Development and deployment of TMS tolerant cultivars will help stabilize dolichos bean production under TMS nvironments. Based on empirical studies across crop groups, we hypothesized that segregating populations/advanced breeding lines derived from crosses involving landraces/locally adapted genotypes are putative candidates for selecting TMS tolerant ones in dolichos been. To test this hypothesis, eight selected backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from cross between high-yielding, determinate, photoperiod-insensitive variety and high yielding, indeterminate, photoperiod-sensitive landrace were field-evaluated for grain yield under two managed moisture regimes, namely (1) non-stress (NS) and (ii) TMS environments at two locations, viz, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), Bangalore, India and Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Ballary, India. Reported four drought tolerance indices, namely Arithmetic Mean Productivity (AMP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Harmonic Mean Productivity (HMP) and Stress Tolerance Index (STI) were used to detect and quantify variability among BILs and to identify those with tolerance to TMS environment. Grain yield of BILs reduced up to 50 % due to TMS. Based on the criteria of (1) better ability to discriminate BILs for responses to TMS environment and (ii) high magnitude of correlation of indices with grain yield under NS and TMS environments, STI and GMP were found desirable. Based on the combination of STI and GMP, three BILs (BILs 08, 10 & 26) were identified as TMS tolerant ones with high grain yielding potential under both NS and TMS environments.ThesisItem Open Access STATISTICAL APPRAISAL OF AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BENGAL GRAM CROP IN KALABURAGI DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2021-12-26) VIJAYKUMAR; VIJAYKUMAR; GOPINATH RAO, M.; GOPINATH RAO, M.An attempt was made to analyse the trends in area, production, and productivity of the Bengal gram crop by considering the data of 25 years (1995-96 to 2019-20) in the Kalaburagi district of Karnataka state. The models used for trend analysis includes linear, quadratic, cubic, exponential, and log-logistic. The model with the lowest MAPE was chosen as the best fit. The cubic model was the best-fitting model for Bengal gram area and productivity, whereas the linear model found better fitted for production. The study also conducted to forecast the production of Bengal gram in the district for the next five years using the ARIMA model by considering the data of 50 years (1970-71 to 2019-20) out of which 47 years were considered for training the model and the remaining 3 years for testing purpose. The results revealed that ARIMA (0,1,1) with a drift model better fitted for the data and showed an increasing trend in the production of Bengal gram for the next 5 years. Further, an attempt was made to analyse the structural change in area and productivity of Bengal gram. Structural change was seen in 2007-08 and 2015-16 for area and productivity respectively. The difference between the pre and post-break periods established mean yields was found to be statistically significant in both area and productivity.ThesisItem Open Access CARBON AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT ORGANICS UNDER FINGER MILLET AND GROUNDNUT CROPPING SYSTEM(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2021-12-26) LAXMI NAGARAVALLI; LAXMI NAGARAVALLI; LAXMI NAGARAVALLI; LAXMI NAGARAVALLI; SARALAKUMARI, J.; SARALAKUMARI, J.; SARALAKUMARI, J.; SARALAKUMARI, J.The field experiment entitled carbon and nitrogen dynamics as influenced by different organics under finger millet and groundnut cropping system conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2021-22 with eight treatments replicated thrice using randomized block design revealed that treatment with 75 kg FYM + 40 kg plot-1 urban compost significantly improved the carbon fractions viz., organic carbon (11.81 g kg-1 and 12.56 g kg-1), microbial biomass carbon (377.26 μg g-1 and 405 μg g-1), total carbon (15.2 g kg-1 and 15.40 g kg-1), labile carbon (35.41 % and 42.98 %), nonlabile carbon (60.07 % and 68.07 %) and nitrogen fractions viz., total nitrogen (857.10 mg kg-1 and 895.32 mg kg-1), ammonical nitrogen (99.1 mg kg-1 and 105.00 mg kg-1), nitrate nitrogen (49.50 mg kg-1 and 82.50 mg kg-1), microbial biomass nitrogen (42.50 μg g-1 and 46.50 μg g-1) in finger millet and groundnut, respectively. Growth and yield parameters of finger millet viz., plant height (129.47 cm), number of tillers hill-1 (8.39), grain yield (3892 kg ha-1) and straw yield (7247 kg ha-1) and in groundnut, plant height (34.4 cm), number of branches plant-1 (11.19), number of pods plant-1 (28.50), kernel yield (4352 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (11.19 kg ha-1) recorded were significantly higher in 75 kg FYM + 40 kg UC treated plot. Application of UC + FYM improves the soil physico-chemical, biological properties, growth and yield of the crops by improving carbon and nitrogen fractions which acts as bio-stimulant and promotes growth of crops.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF BANANA IN MYSURU DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2021-12-24) HARSHITHA, M. R.; Ganapathy, M. S.The study was conducted in Mysuru district of Karnataka during 2021-22 to estimate the cost and returns of banana cultivation, identify marketing channels, analyse price spread and constraints in production and marketing. The primary data related to production and marketing of banana cv. Ney Poovan were collected from the randomly selected banana growers and market intermediaries. Total per acre cost of cultivation was Rs. 1,46,196.76 out of which variable and fixed cost were Rs. 1,10,602.35 and Rs.35,594.41 respectively. Human labour was the major item of variable cost constituting 23.82 per cent (Rs.34,827.05). Rental value of land was the major item of fixed cost accounting for 20.86 per cent (Rs.30,500). The average yield obtained was 9.2 tonnes with a gross return of Rs.2,65,357.62, net return of Rs.1,19,160.86 and B:C ratio of 1.81. About 68.33 per cent sold banana in channel-I (involving Pre-harvest contractors) and 31.66 per cent in channel-II (without Pre-harvest contractors). Total marketing cost was Rs.6695/t in channel-I and Rs.6119.78/t in channel-II. Producer’s share was higher in channel-II (77.51%) compared to channel-I (71.85%). Price spread was higher in channel-I (Rs.11295/t) compared to channel-II (Rs.8775/t). Pests & diseases and price fluctuation were the major production and marketing constraints respectively. The study recommended the adoption of improved production technologies to enhance the productivity
