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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Restricted CHARACTERIZRTION, CLASSIFICATION AND SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF MAJOR GRAPES - GROWING SOILS OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-01-03) HARSHA B. R; K. S. ANIL KUMARLand characterization, classification and suitability evaluation of grapes-growing pedons were assessed at fifteen taluks covering four agro climatic zones of Karnataka. Study on problems and potentials of grapes cultivation in selected agro-climatic zones was carried out along with the plant sample analysis. Twenty soil profiles were excavated as study site based on the dominance of area falling under grapes production and existing spatial variability of soils. The detailed information of profiles and horizon wise soil samples were collected to study the morphological, physical, chemical and fertility characteristics. Climatic analysis and water retention characteristics of soils of major grapes-growing areas were also done. Based on the characterisation and classification study it was revealed that soils of Doddaballapur (Bangalore Blue and Wine grapes), Bangalore North (GKVK Farm, Rajankunte and IIHR Farm), Devanahalli, Magadi, Hoskote, Chikkaballapur (Dilkush and Red globe), Yelaburga, Hagari Bommanahalli, Bagalkot (UHS farm) and Indi fall under the soil order Alfisol. Vijaypur pedon of northern dry zone was keyed out as Vertisols whereas, Jamkhandi and Athani as Inceptisols. Properties of Aridisols were observed in B. Bagewadi (Manikchaman and Thompson Seedless) and Afzalpur. Soil fertility status and its mapping using GIS technique revealed that all the nutrients were found to be in adequate range except nitrogen, potassium, zinc, iron and boron which indicated the need for application along with organic matter to improve the SOC status. Varieties differed among themselves in yield and plant nutrient composition depending on their age, climatic, soil and management requirements. Bangalore North (GKVK farm) and Jamkhandi are having medium soil organic carbon stocks of 6.21 and 6.55 kg m-3, respectively. Soils of Bangalore North (Rajankunte) were highly suitable (S1) for grapes cultivation. Under northern Karnataka, Vijayapura, B. Bagewadi, Indi and Afzalpur vineyards were good performers despite the limitations of fertility and free lime content.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AT MAHATMA GANDHI BOTANICAL GARDEN, GKVK, BANGALORE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-11-06) PRAVEEN KUMAR, M B; KRISHNAMURTHY, RThe study was conducted to assess the ecosystem services at Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden, GKVK, Bangalore. The present research relvealed that the garden contains 2140 trees belonging to 186 tree species, which are having girth at breast height 30 cm. The tree diversity was found to be highest in block-1 and lowest in block-2, where the number of tree species were found to be 83 and 34 respectively. Millettia pinnata, Azadirachta indica and Albizia lebbeck are the three major tree species, comprises around 27.73 percentage of the total tree population. Sixty-eight per cent of trees in botanical garden falls under the girth classes 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm and sixty-one point five per cent of tree fall under height classes 6-9 m, 9-12 m and 12-15 m. The aboveground biomass and belowground biomass was recorded highest in Albizia lebbeck. Total carbon stock was recorded highest in exotic tree species than native tree species. Carbon sequestration was found to be highest in trees belonging to Fabaceae family. Organic carbon and soil available nutrient content decreased with increase in the depth, and enzyme activity and microbial count was found to be higher in the surface soil. Total monetary value of nutrient in botanical garden was Rs. 330901.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POMEGRANATE WILT CAUSED BY Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst.(2021-12-27) SUHAS RAJENDRA, LOKURE; SOMASEKHARA, Y M.Pomegranate is an important commercially grown fruit crop of India. The crop suffers from many diseases, among them wilt caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst. is a major threat to pomegranate production. The present investigation was undertaken to know the occurrence of the disease in southern Karnataka, in vitro evaluation of fungicide, bio-agents and botanicals. The maximum wilt incidence was observed in Yelladakere (62.06%) followed by Maralavadi (52.00%) and Veerapura (40.00%). The pathogen was identified based on molecular studies as C. fimbriata (OK597212). The pathogen grew well on potato dextrose agar, potato carrot agar and corn meal agar media. The favourable temperature of 30°C and pH 7.0 were found ideal for the growth of the pathogen. Among different fungicides, propiconazole (81.25%), propineb (92.98%) and carbendazim + mancozeb (saaf) (100%) were found most effective under in vitro condition. The highest inhibition of the pathogen was found in pongamia leaf extract (59.83%). Among the fungal and bacterial bio-agents Trichoderma viride-Tv 3 (80.55%) and Bacillus subtilis Dharwad isolate (63.33%) were showed maximum mycelial inhibition of C. fimbriata under in vitro conditions.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PLANTING GEOMETRY OF PIGEONPEA AND SUITABLE INTERCROPS UNDER EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA (ZONE - V)(2021-12-23) LAXMAN, NAVI; ATHEEKUR REHMAN, H M.The field experiment entitled “Studies on planting geometry of pigeonpea and suitable intercrops under Eastern dry zone of Karnataka (Zone - V)” was conducted during Kharif, 2020 at ‘K’ Block, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bengaluru to evaluate suitable intercrop (field bean, vegetable soybean and Chia) and planting geometry (normal and paired row planting with 4’ and 5’ between pairs) and its effect on growth, yield and economics of the intercropping. The experiment had 15 treatments which were replicated thrice in Randomised Complete Block Design. Higher pigeonpea seed and stalk yield (1813 and 4218 kg ha-1, respectively) was observed in paired row (120/60 cm x 30 cm) planting which was on par with intercropping of field bean (1:2) and vegetable soybean (1:3) under 120/60 x 30 cm paired row. The data revealed higher seed yield was mainly attributed to higher plant height, leaf area index, total dry matter production, no. of pods per plant and weight of pods per plant. In the intercropping system, paired row (120/60 cm x 30 cm) planting of pigeonpea with vegetable soybean (1:3) as intercrop recorded higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (1843 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 2,19,030 ha-1) and benefit:cost ratio (6.27) than rest spacing and intercropping treatments. However, significantly higher system indices like LER (1.69) and ATER (1.29) were recorded with paired row (150/60 cm x 45 cm) planting of pigeonpea with vegetable soybean (1:4) as intercrop in the intercropping system.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF POLLINATOR DIVERSITY IN CAPSICUM (Capsicum annuum L.) AND SUNN HEMP (Crotalaria juncea L.) AND IMPACT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF POLLINATION ON FRUIT YIELD PARAMETERS OF CAPSICUM(2021-11-19) GANA, P K.; JAGADISH, K S.The study was carried at the Departments of Apiculture and Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2020-21. Flower initiation in capsicum (var. Nemalite) commenced at 15.50±0.94 days after bud development. Peak anthesis and anther dehiscence started at around 09:00 hrs. and 11:00 hrs respectively. Pollen was viable for three days. Stigma was receptive for four days. Comparison of pollinator diversity revealed that sunn hemp and capsicum flowers were visited by totally 18 and 6 species of floral visitors, belonging to orders Hymenoptera, Lepidopteran, Dipteran and Thysanoptera, respectively. In sunn hemp and capsicum peak abundance of floral visitors were observed from 09:00 to 13:00 hrs and 10:00 to 11:00 hrs, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity index in sunn hemp and capsicum ranged between 0.936 to 2.244 and 0.00 to 1.099, respectively. Berger-Parker dominance index was highest for Megachile spp. (d = 0.207) in sunn hemp and Ischiodon scutellaris (d=0.45) in capsicum. Ischiodon scutellaris and Apis cerana were the common floral visitors for both capsicum and sunn hemp. The time spent for foraging and the number of flowers visited per minute by floral visitors were relatively lesser on capsicum than in sunnhemp. Sunn hemp had comparatively higher pollen quantity and higher TSS content in its nectar, thus attracting greater number of floral visitors than capsicum. Significantly higher fruit yield and qualitative parameters were recorded in the capsicum fruits obtained from hand cross pollinated flowers, followed by capsicum plants enclosed with A. cerana colony, as compared to other modes of pollination.ThesisItem Open Access DIVERSITY, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS DISEASE(2021-10-18) CHIRAG GAUTAM; RAMAPPA, H K.Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease of mungbean causes severe losses to crop yield worldwide. Disease incidence ranged between 27.06-87.80 and 29.67-95.58 per cent during Rabi summer 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively. The highest per cent disease incidence and whitefly population was recorded in Chamarajanagar district. Molecular confirmation of diseased samples was done by using CP specific set of primers. Maximum transmission efficiency (80 %) was observed when ten or more whiteflies per plant were used. Maximum (90%) per cent transmission was observed at an AAP and IAP of 24 h. MYMV isolate of Chamarajanagar, Mandya, GKVK and Tumakuru produced various symptoms when inoculated on susceptible mungbean genotype (BGS-9). Host plants viz., mungbean, urdbean, soybean, cowpea and horsegram noculated with MYMV recorded 30 to 70 per cent disease incidence. However, pigeonpea and dolichos did not develop any symptoms. Cross infectivity of YMV from horsegram and urdbean showed chlorotic and leaf deformation symptoms on mungbean genotype BGS-9. AC1, AC2, AC3, AC4 and AV1 of DNA A and BC1 of DNA-B of Chamarajanagar, GKVK and Mandya isolates were amplified by using gene specific set of primers. BLAST results and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the genes from different isolates had some variability within but showed similarity with MYMV. Out of 150 mungbean genotypes screened, 10 genotypes found moderately resistant against MYMV. Seed treatment with imidacloprid 48 FS @ 5.0 ml/kg seed+ one spray with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.24 ml/l (T8) was highly effective in reducing whitefly population by 60.82 and 56.48 per cent, and disease incidence by 56.37 and 50.38 percent, resulted in highest yield (1095.00 and 1132.23 Kg/ha) during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access EXPLORING BIOCONTROL AND GROWTH PROMOTION POTENTIAL OF ACTINOBACTERIA FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-29) BINDUSHREE, C.; M. K. SHIVAPRAKASHActinobacteria, a Gram positive bacteria and a major source of most of the antibiotics being used, are also being explored as plant growth promoting and biocontrol agent for various crop plants. When compared with other groups of microorganism, actinobacteria are relatively less explored with agricultural perspective. The present study was conducted with a view to isolate and screen actinobacteria from natural ecosystems and evaluate their potential for plant growth promoting and biocontrol activity. A total of 120 actinobacterial isolates were isolated from rhizospheric soil (n=4), forest soil (n=39) and compost (n=40). The functional potentialities of the isolates recorded were phosphate solubilization, siderophore, IAA, gibberellic acid, cytokinin and ammonia production. The SA12 isolate of rhizospheric soil, was found to be highest producer of IAA (63.33 μg/mL) and gibberallic acid (40.53μg/mL). The FA13 isolate showed highest cytokinin production (30.16 μg/mL). The SA12 exhibited maximum phosphate solubilization activity (32.87 mg/mL), while the isolate SA12 and CA18 showed maximum ammonia production (32.87 mg/mL 30.05 and mg/mL). Forty two isolates out of 120 displayed antagonistic activity against different plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium sp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Alternaria sp) and thirty actinobacterial isolates displayed antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas campestris and Ralstonia solanacearum. The results indicated that the isolates, FA15, FA13, SA12, CA18 and CA4 were prominent in inhibiting the growth of all the pathogens and were selected further screening for biocontrol efficiency and seedling vigour in solanaceous vegetable crops under greenhouse conditions. The treatment received inoculum of consortium of selected actinobacterial isolates had shown significant biocontrol efficiency against the damping off, wilt pathogens and seedling vigour index in seeding tray and pot culture experiments.ThesisItem Open Access STABILITY OF ADVANCED BREEDING LINES AND WORKING COLLECTIONS FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS AND RESPONSES TO CHILLI LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE (ChiLCVD) IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-28) VISHNUKANT; A. MOHAN RAOAn investigation was carried out to assess the stability of 20 advanced breeding lines (ABLs) and 10 working collections (WCs) for yield and yield attributing traits across three temporal environments (2019 kharif, 2019-2020 rabi-summer and 2020 kharif ) at the Experimental plots of ‘K’ block, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru and for responses to chilli leaf curl virus disease across three temporal environments (2019 summer, 2020 summer and 2021 early-kharif ) at Main Research Station, UAS, Bangalore in two separate experiments. Experiments were carried out to detect and quantify Genotype × Environment interaction and to identify stable ABLs and WCs with respect to yield performance and resistant response to ChiLCVD. ABLs and WCs were evaluated in RCBD with two replications. Significant differences among the ABLs and WCs were detected for all traits under study, indicating significant genetic variability. Significant differences for ABL and WC × environment interaction was detected for average fruit length (cm), average fruit weight (g), green fruit yield plant-1 (g), red fruit yield plant-1 (g), and responses to ChiLCVD. The proportion of total variation attributable to ABLs and WCs main effect was higher than main effects of environment and ABLs and WCs × environment interaction for all traits. Lower estimates of ASV and SI by WCs S343, PDL1 and 9967-9611 and by ABL AV 13 for green fruit yield plant-1 indicated their stable and higher performance cross three temporal environments as these are less responsive to environmental variations.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF TERMINAL MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANT DOLICHOS BEAN (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet, var. lignosus) BACKCROSS INBRED LINES (BILS)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-28) S. R. GOWDA; S. RameshPredominantly rain-fed crops like dolichos bean frequently experience terminal moisture stress (TMS) resulting in huge grain yield losses. Development and deployment of TMS tolerant cultivars will help stabilize dolichos bean production under TMS nvironments. Based on empirical studies across crop groups, we hypothesized that segregating populations/advanced breeding lines derived from crosses involving landraces/locally adapted genotypes are putative candidates for selecting TMS tolerant ones in dolichos been. To test this hypothesis, eight selected backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from cross between high-yielding, determinate, photoperiod-insensitive variety and high yielding, indeterminate, photoperiod-sensitive landrace were field-evaluated for grain yield under two managed moisture regimes, namely (1) non-stress (NS) and (ii) TMS environments at two locations, viz, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), Bangalore, India and Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Ballary, India. Reported four drought tolerance indices, namely Arithmetic Mean Productivity (AMP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Harmonic Mean Productivity (HMP) and Stress Tolerance Index (STI) were used to detect and quantify variability among BILs and to identify those with tolerance to TMS environment. Grain yield of BILs reduced up to 50 % due to TMS. Based on the criteria of (1) better ability to discriminate BILs for responses to TMS environment and (ii) high magnitude of correlation of indices with grain yield under NS and TMS environments, STI and GMP were found desirable. Based on the combination of STI and GMP, three BILs (BILs 08, 10 & 26) were identified as TMS tolerant ones with high grain yielding potential under both NS and TMS environments.
