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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access A STATISTICAL STUDY OF LONG-TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-10-19) MEGHA, E; KRISHNAMURTHY, K NA field experiment on long term fertilizers under finger millet-maize cropping sequence has been in progress since 1986 at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. These experiments provide an insight for scientific investigation of structural relationship that governs the variability of specified crop over a period of time. The experimental data on grain yield of maize and various soil characteristics for a period of 32 years was procured to study the performance of maize yield under different fertilizer treatments over a period of time. Profile analysis has been performed and results indicate that all the treatments differ significantly i.e., there is significant interaction between year and treatments. Available nutrients in soil such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur zinc, manganese, iron as well as organic carbon were having significant effect. Only copper showed non-significant correlation with yield. Path coefficient analysis was used to study direct/indirect effect of soil parameters with yield. Balanced (NPK) nutrients were having better association (low residual effect) with yield. Higher residual effect was noticed with higher dose of balanced nutrition (150% NPK) and also with imbalanced nutrition (-K, -PK) indicating poor association. The analysis of beta-convergence showed evidence of statistical convergence in yield of different treatments.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AT MAHATMA GANDHI BOTANICAL GARDEN, GKVK, BANGALORE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-11-06) PRAVEEN KUMAR, M B; KRISHNAMURTHY, RThe study was conducted to assess the ecosystem services at Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden, GKVK, Bangalore. The present research relvealed that the garden contains 2140 trees belonging to 186 tree species, which are having girth at breast height 30 cm. The tree diversity was found to be highest in block-1 and lowest in block-2, where the number of tree species were found to be 83 and 34 respectively. Millettia pinnata, Azadirachta indica and Albizia lebbeck are the three major tree species, comprises around 27.73 percentage of the total tree population. Sixty-eight per cent of trees in botanical garden falls under the girth classes 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm and sixty-one point five per cent of tree fall under height classes 6-9 m, 9-12 m and 12-15 m. The aboveground biomass and belowground biomass was recorded highest in Albizia lebbeck. Total carbon stock was recorded highest in exotic tree species than native tree species. Carbon sequestration was found to be highest in trees belonging to Fabaceae family. Organic carbon and soil available nutrient content decreased with increase in the depth, and enzyme activity and microbial count was found to be higher in the surface soil. Total monetary value of nutrient in botanical garden was Rs. 330901.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF SEEDLING SOURCE AND METHOD OF PLANTING ON CROP GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-06) KAVYASHREE, K R; SIDDARAJU, RA field experiment was conducted at NSP, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif 2019 to study the influence of seedling source and method of planting on crop growth, seed yield and quality in finger millet. Experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations comprising of two seedling sources and six levels of planting geometry laid out in factorial RCBD design with three replications. Among different treatment combinations, protray seedlings transplanted at 30 x 10 cm recorded maximum plant height at 60 DAP and at harvest (100.33 and 103.80 cm, respectively) and guni method of planting at 90 x 90 cm recorded maximum number of tillers hill-1 (24.20), number of ear heads hill-1 (35.53) and ear head weight plant-1 (167.93 g). Seed yield parameters viz., seed yield plant-1(90.67g) was recorded highest in guni method of planting at 60 x 60 cm with nursery bed seedlings, whereas protray transplanted seedlings at 30 x 10 cm recorded maximum seed yield plot-1 (8.76 kg) and seed yield hectare-1 (45.14 q). Seed quality parameters was recorded maximum in guni method of planting at 60 x 60 cm with nursery bed seedlings like seed germination, SVI-I and SVI-II (96.67%, 1299 and 206, respectively). Higher net returns (Rs.1,18,564) and B:C ratio (4.38) was recorded under protray seedlings transplanted at 30 x 10 cm owing to its higher seed yield and straw yield when compared to other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POMEGRANATE WILT CAUSED BY Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst.(2021-12-27) SUHAS RAJENDRA, LOKURE; SOMASEKHARA, Y M.Pomegranate is an important commercially grown fruit crop of India. The crop suffers from many diseases, among them wilt caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst. is a major threat to pomegranate production. The present investigation was undertaken to know the occurrence of the disease in southern Karnataka, in vitro evaluation of fungicide, bio-agents and botanicals. The maximum wilt incidence was observed in Yelladakere (62.06%) followed by Maralavadi (52.00%) and Veerapura (40.00%). The pathogen was identified based on molecular studies as C. fimbriata (OK597212). The pathogen grew well on potato dextrose agar, potato carrot agar and corn meal agar media. The favourable temperature of 30°C and pH 7.0 were found ideal for the growth of the pathogen. Among different fungicides, propiconazole (81.25%), propineb (92.98%) and carbendazim + mancozeb (saaf) (100%) were found most effective under in vitro condition. The highest inhibition of the pathogen was found in pongamia leaf extract (59.83%). Among the fungal and bacterial bio-agents Trichoderma viride-Tv 3 (80.55%) and Bacillus subtilis Dharwad isolate (63.33%) were showed maximum mycelial inhibition of C. fimbriata under in vitro conditions.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PLANTING GEOMETRY OF PIGEONPEA AND SUITABLE INTERCROPS UNDER EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA (ZONE - V)(2021-12-23) LAXMAN, NAVI; ATHEEKUR REHMAN, H M.The field experiment entitled “Studies on planting geometry of pigeonpea and suitable intercrops under Eastern dry zone of Karnataka (Zone - V)” was conducted during Kharif, 2020 at ‘K’ Block, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bengaluru to evaluate suitable intercrop (field bean, vegetable soybean and Chia) and planting geometry (normal and paired row planting with 4’ and 5’ between pairs) and its effect on growth, yield and economics of the intercropping. The experiment had 15 treatments which were replicated thrice in Randomised Complete Block Design. Higher pigeonpea seed and stalk yield (1813 and 4218 kg ha-1, respectively) was observed in paired row (120/60 cm x 30 cm) planting which was on par with intercropping of field bean (1:2) and vegetable soybean (1:3) under 120/60 x 30 cm paired row. The data revealed higher seed yield was mainly attributed to higher plant height, leaf area index, total dry matter production, no. of pods per plant and weight of pods per plant. In the intercropping system, paired row (120/60 cm x 30 cm) planting of pigeonpea with vegetable soybean (1:3) as intercrop recorded higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (1843 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 2,19,030 ha-1) and benefit:cost ratio (6.27) than rest spacing and intercropping treatments. However, significantly higher system indices like LER (1.69) and ATER (1.29) were recorded with paired row (150/60 cm x 45 cm) planting of pigeonpea with vegetable soybean (1:4) as intercrop in the intercropping system.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE POLLINATOR FAUNA OF POMEGRANATE, Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae)(2020-11-12) KOTESH, Y CHAVHAN.; JAGADISH, K S.This investigation was carried at the Departments of Apiculture and Horticulture, UAS, Bangalore and farmers field Koramangala, Devanahalli during 2019-20. Flower initiation in pomegranate (var: “Bhagwa”) commenced at 21.11± 1.86 days after bud development. Staminate: hermaphrodite flower ratio was 0.40±0.831, with mean of 20.66±6.12 staminate and 27.53±6.95 hermaphrodite flowers. Staminate and hermaphrodite flowers opened during 0800-1300 and 0800-1400 hours, respectively. Anthers dehisced at 0800-1300 (staminate) and 0900-1200 (hermaphrodite) hours after anthesis. Fruit set was highest in the plants when flowers were kept in unbagged condition (10.7±2.08) compared to the bagged condition (3.85±1.22). Totally 20 insect species were found foraging on the inflorescence of pomegranate and they belonged to three insect orders viz., Hymenoptera (40%), Lepidoptera (55%) and Hemiptera (5%). Shannon- Wiener diversity index (H) values ranged from 0.05-0.23 during different hours of the day, with peak ‘H’ values during 0900- 1100 hrs (0.54-0.52). Berger-Parker dominance index (d) was highest for A. dorsata (d=0.38). A. dorsata, A. cerana, A. florea and T. iridipennis spent upto 11.24±1.31, 12.61±1.29, 16.86±2.08 and 25.73±1.88 sec/staminate flower and 7.94±0.87, 10.30±0.98, 14.55±1.21and 24.13±1.68 sec/hermaphrodite flower, respectively. All four species of honey bees spent maximum foraging time during 1100- 1200 hrs. A. dorsata (5.95±1.00) A. cerana (5.18±0.68), A. florea (4.39±0.67) and T. iridipennis (4.20±0.82) visited more number of staminate flowers as compared to hermaphrodite flowers (4.81±1.06, 4.12±0.84, 3.55±0.38 and 3.44±0.59) respectively. Significantly highest yield and qualitative parameters were recorded in the fruits obtained from open pollinated flowers, followed by pomegranate plants enclosed with A. cerana colony.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF POLLINATOR DIVERSITY IN CAPSICUM (Capsicum annuum L.) AND SUNN HEMP (Crotalaria juncea L.) AND IMPACT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF POLLINATION ON FRUIT YIELD PARAMETERS OF CAPSICUM(2021-11-19) GANA, P K.; JAGADISH, K S.The study was carried at the Departments of Apiculture and Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2020-21. Flower initiation in capsicum (var. Nemalite) commenced at 15.50±0.94 days after bud development. Peak anthesis and anther dehiscence started at around 09:00 hrs. and 11:00 hrs respectively. Pollen was viable for three days. Stigma was receptive for four days. Comparison of pollinator diversity revealed that sunn hemp and capsicum flowers were visited by totally 18 and 6 species of floral visitors, belonging to orders Hymenoptera, Lepidopteran, Dipteran and Thysanoptera, respectively. In sunn hemp and capsicum peak abundance of floral visitors were observed from 09:00 to 13:00 hrs and 10:00 to 11:00 hrs, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity index in sunn hemp and capsicum ranged between 0.936 to 2.244 and 0.00 to 1.099, respectively. Berger-Parker dominance index was highest for Megachile spp. (d = 0.207) in sunn hemp and Ischiodon scutellaris (d=0.45) in capsicum. Ischiodon scutellaris and Apis cerana were the common floral visitors for both capsicum and sunn hemp. The time spent for foraging and the number of flowers visited per minute by floral visitors were relatively lesser on capsicum than in sunnhemp. Sunn hemp had comparatively higher pollen quantity and higher TSS content in its nectar, thus attracting greater number of floral visitors than capsicum. Significantly higher fruit yield and qualitative parameters were recorded in the capsicum fruits obtained from hand cross pollinated flowers, followed by capsicum plants enclosed with A. cerana colony, as compared to other modes of pollination.ThesisItem Open Access UTILIZATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT PROCESSING WASTE FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION THROUGH BIOMETHANATION(2020-11-10) KARTIKEYA SATISH NAYAK, NAYAK; MAHADEVA MURTHY, M.The study was undertaken to investigate the generation of biogas from medicinal plant processing waste. In order to know biogas production and methane content, medicinal plant processing waste samples were kept anaerobically for two-months in lab-condition. Carica papaya leaf and Azadirachta indica yields about 11320 ml and 10610 ml of biogas with 62.98 and 74.12 per cent of methane content which were observed highest. Garcinia gummi-gutta and Cinnamomum verum were the lowest biogas yielders. An investigation was conducted to know the performance evaluation of 500 m3 biogas power plant located in Prakruti Products Pvt. Ltd, Ankola. An average biogas Generated about 560.37 m3 per day in the temperature range between 20 to 30°C. CO2 and H2S was removed by water scrubbing method and methane content was measured. It was found that, the methane content after purification was increased up to 22 per cent than before purification. The collected pressurized biogas from the digester was transferred to the generator and produces the electricity of about 645.24 kWh and utilized for various operations in the plant. As per the data assessed from the biogas power plant it summarised that, biogas power plant has economically viable and environmentally sustainable. It was concluded that, instead of dumping or burning of medicinal plant processing waste and causing different types of pollution in the environment, this is the best method of utilization of waste to convert energy in a good manner.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON Fusarium WILT IN SCENTED GERANIUM [Pelargonium graveolens (L.) Herit](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-30) ARUNKUMAR; Shreenivasa, K. R.Scented geranium is an important, perennial aromatic herb affected by several diseases of which wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is becoming a major constraint in production. Wilt symptoms such as yellowing, drooping of plants and vascular discolouration were observed in the infected stems. Maximum wilt incidence recorded in Tumakuru district (36.73 %). The wilt causing pathogen was isolated from infected plant samples collected from different geranium growing areas of southern Karnataka and pathogenicity was proved under greenhouse conditions. The re-isolated pathogen was identified as F. oxysporum based on its morphological characters by comparing with standard descriptions of Fusarium species and also confirmed the pathogen through molecular characterization of isolates by using universal fungal ITS-1 and ITS-4 primers. Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) and corn meal agar (CMA) were found to be ideal for radial mycelial growth and sporulation. The maximum growth and sporulation of the pathogen was found at temperature 25 ˚C and pH of 6.5. Among the botanicals and bio agents evaluated under in vitro condition against F. oxysporum, agave (59.31 %), Trichoderma viride Tv- 8 (71.12 %), Bacillus pumilis (54.66 %) and B. velezensis Bv-P42 (53.61 %) were effective in inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen. Among the fungicides evaluated, systemic fungicides carbendazim and propiconazole shower 100.00 per cent, combi products hexaconazole + captan 84.51 per cent and contact fungicide copper oxychloride 56.48 per cent were effective as evidenced by maximum mycelial growth inhibition compared to other fungicides under in vitro condition.
