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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access A STATISTICAL STUDY OF LONG-TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-10-19) MEGHA, E; KRISHNAMURTHY, K NA field experiment on long term fertilizers under finger millet-maize cropping sequence has been in progress since 1986 at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. These experiments provide an insight for scientific investigation of structural relationship that governs the variability of specified crop over a period of time. The experimental data on grain yield of maize and various soil characteristics for a period of 32 years was procured to study the performance of maize yield under different fertilizer treatments over a period of time. Profile analysis has been performed and results indicate that all the treatments differ significantly i.e., there is significant interaction between year and treatments. Available nutrients in soil such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur zinc, manganese, iron as well as organic carbon were having significant effect. Only copper showed non-significant correlation with yield. Path coefficient analysis was used to study direct/indirect effect of soil parameters with yield. Balanced (NPK) nutrients were having better association (low residual effect) with yield. Higher residual effect was noticed with higher dose of balanced nutrition (150% NPK) and also with imbalanced nutrition (-K, -PK) indicating poor association. The analysis of beta-convergence showed evidence of statistical convergence in yield of different treatments.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF SEEDLING SOURCE AND METHOD OF PLANTING ON CROP GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-06) KAVYASHREE, K R; SIDDARAJU, RA field experiment was conducted at NSP, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif 2019 to study the influence of seedling source and method of planting on crop growth, seed yield and quality in finger millet. Experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations comprising of two seedling sources and six levels of planting geometry laid out in factorial RCBD design with three replications. Among different treatment combinations, protray seedlings transplanted at 30 x 10 cm recorded maximum plant height at 60 DAP and at harvest (100.33 and 103.80 cm, respectively) and guni method of planting at 90 x 90 cm recorded maximum number of tillers hill-1 (24.20), number of ear heads hill-1 (35.53) and ear head weight plant-1 (167.93 g). Seed yield parameters viz., seed yield plant-1(90.67g) was recorded highest in guni method of planting at 60 x 60 cm with nursery bed seedlings, whereas protray transplanted seedlings at 30 x 10 cm recorded maximum seed yield plot-1 (8.76 kg) and seed yield hectare-1 (45.14 q). Seed quality parameters was recorded maximum in guni method of planting at 60 x 60 cm with nursery bed seedlings like seed germination, SVI-I and SVI-II (96.67%, 1299 and 206, respectively). Higher net returns (Rs.1,18,564) and B:C ratio (4.38) was recorded under protray seedlings transplanted at 30 x 10 cm owing to its higher seed yield and straw yield when compared to other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE POLLINATOR FAUNA OF POMEGRANATE, Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae)(2020-11-12) KOTESH, Y CHAVHAN.; JAGADISH, K S.This investigation was carried at the Departments of Apiculture and Horticulture, UAS, Bangalore and farmers field Koramangala, Devanahalli during 2019-20. Flower initiation in pomegranate (var: “Bhagwa”) commenced at 21.11± 1.86 days after bud development. Staminate: hermaphrodite flower ratio was 0.40±0.831, with mean of 20.66±6.12 staminate and 27.53±6.95 hermaphrodite flowers. Staminate and hermaphrodite flowers opened during 0800-1300 and 0800-1400 hours, respectively. Anthers dehisced at 0800-1300 (staminate) and 0900-1200 (hermaphrodite) hours after anthesis. Fruit set was highest in the plants when flowers were kept in unbagged condition (10.7±2.08) compared to the bagged condition (3.85±1.22). Totally 20 insect species were found foraging on the inflorescence of pomegranate and they belonged to three insect orders viz., Hymenoptera (40%), Lepidoptera (55%) and Hemiptera (5%). Shannon- Wiener diversity index (H) values ranged from 0.05-0.23 during different hours of the day, with peak ‘H’ values during 0900- 1100 hrs (0.54-0.52). Berger-Parker dominance index (d) was highest for A. dorsata (d=0.38). A. dorsata, A. cerana, A. florea and T. iridipennis spent upto 11.24±1.31, 12.61±1.29, 16.86±2.08 and 25.73±1.88 sec/staminate flower and 7.94±0.87, 10.30±0.98, 14.55±1.21and 24.13±1.68 sec/hermaphrodite flower, respectively. All four species of honey bees spent maximum foraging time during 1100- 1200 hrs. A. dorsata (5.95±1.00) A. cerana (5.18±0.68), A. florea (4.39±0.67) and T. iridipennis (4.20±0.82) visited more number of staminate flowers as compared to hermaphrodite flowers (4.81±1.06, 4.12±0.84, 3.55±0.38 and 3.44±0.59) respectively. Significantly highest yield and qualitative parameters were recorded in the fruits obtained from open pollinated flowers, followed by pomegranate plants enclosed with A. cerana colony.ThesisItem Open Access UTILIZATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT PROCESSING WASTE FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION THROUGH BIOMETHANATION(2020-11-10) KARTIKEYA SATISH NAYAK, NAYAK; MAHADEVA MURTHY, M.The study was undertaken to investigate the generation of biogas from medicinal plant processing waste. In order to know biogas production and methane content, medicinal plant processing waste samples were kept anaerobically for two-months in lab-condition. Carica papaya leaf and Azadirachta indica yields about 11320 ml and 10610 ml of biogas with 62.98 and 74.12 per cent of methane content which were observed highest. Garcinia gummi-gutta and Cinnamomum verum were the lowest biogas yielders. An investigation was conducted to know the performance evaluation of 500 m3 biogas power plant located in Prakruti Products Pvt. Ltd, Ankola. An average biogas Generated about 560.37 m3 per day in the temperature range between 20 to 30°C. CO2 and H2S was removed by water scrubbing method and methane content was measured. It was found that, the methane content after purification was increased up to 22 per cent than before purification. The collected pressurized biogas from the digester was transferred to the generator and produces the electricity of about 645.24 kWh and utilized for various operations in the plant. As per the data assessed from the biogas power plant it summarised that, biogas power plant has economically viable and environmentally sustainable. It was concluded that, instead of dumping or burning of medicinal plant processing waste and causing different types of pollution in the environment, this is the best method of utilization of waste to convert energy in a good manner.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON Fusarium WILT IN SCENTED GERANIUM [Pelargonium graveolens (L.) Herit](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-30) ARUNKUMAR; Shreenivasa, K. R.Scented geranium is an important, perennial aromatic herb affected by several diseases of which wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is becoming a major constraint in production. Wilt symptoms such as yellowing, drooping of plants and vascular discolouration were observed in the infected stems. Maximum wilt incidence recorded in Tumakuru district (36.73 %). The wilt causing pathogen was isolated from infected plant samples collected from different geranium growing areas of southern Karnataka and pathogenicity was proved under greenhouse conditions. The re-isolated pathogen was identified as F. oxysporum based on its morphological characters by comparing with standard descriptions of Fusarium species and also confirmed the pathogen through molecular characterization of isolates by using universal fungal ITS-1 and ITS-4 primers. Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) and corn meal agar (CMA) were found to be ideal for radial mycelial growth and sporulation. The maximum growth and sporulation of the pathogen was found at temperature 25 ˚C and pH of 6.5. Among the botanicals and bio agents evaluated under in vitro condition against F. oxysporum, agave (59.31 %), Trichoderma viride Tv- 8 (71.12 %), Bacillus pumilis (54.66 %) and B. velezensis Bv-P42 (53.61 %) were effective in inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen. Among the fungicides evaluated, systemic fungicides carbendazim and propiconazole shower 100.00 per cent, combi products hexaconazole + captan 84.51 per cent and contact fungicide copper oxychloride 56.48 per cent were effective as evidenced by maximum mycelial growth inhibition compared to other fungicides under in vitro condition.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF COAT PROTEIN MEDIATED GENE CONSTRUCT TO OBTAIN RESISTANCE AGAINST Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (G: BEGOMOVIRUS, F: GEMINIVIRIDAE) IN RIDGE GOURD [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-30) U. M., ANKITH,; NAGESHA, N.Ridge gourd is one of the important vegetable crops of cucurbit species. The recent emergence of Ridge gourd yellow mosaic disease (RgYMD) caused by ToLCNDV is becoming the major constraints in ridge gourd production. In present investigation, the preliminary work has been carried out in the process of development of transgenic ridge gourd to confer resistance against ToLCNDV using coat protein mediated resistance (CPMR) strategy. The survey was conducted in southern parts of Karnataka to assess the economic importance of ToLCNDV infection. The results of survey revealed the ToLCNDV is predominant in all surveyed areas and all varieties were found susceptible to virus. The total DNA from infected leaves of ridge gourd and coat protein gene was amplified using gene specific primers. The purified CP gene was successfully cloned topTZ57R/T vector. Further, CP gene was moved into plant expression vector pBI121 with the help of the pET32a vector. Subsequently, the vector pBI121 having CP gene construct was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. For bacterial expression studies, the CP gene was cloned into pET28a and expressed in E. coli BL21 cells. The presence of distinct protein band of size ~34 kDa in the recombinant cells confirms the over-expression of protein. The efforts were made to standardize the growth media for in vitro regeneration of ridge guard. The best organogenic callus was obtained in 2.5 mg/L of 2, 4- D + 0.5 mg/L of BAP. These research findings will be helpful for thedevelopment of transgenic ridge gourd.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SPREAD AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF FALL ARMYWORM, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) WITHIN THE MAIZE FIELD AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICACY OF SEED TREATMENT FOR ITS MANAGEMENT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-20) RAKESH KUMAR BEHERA; K. MURALI MOHANFall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a serious pest of maize all around the world. This pest also has been reported recently from India in 2018. The spread and distribution behaviour of the pest along with the efficacy of seed treatment for its management was estimated in the current study. Distribution of S. frugiperda larvae in the field followed both negative binomial and Poisson distribution. Negative binomial distribution was the best fit in case of early instar caterpillars whereas, the late instar caterpillars showed best fit towards random distribution. The distribution analysis in caged condition indicated the non-directional movement of S. frugiperda larvae. The larvae moved from artificially infested plant in different directions and maximum distance travelled was 1.5m.With regard to efficacy of seed treatment, maize seeds treated with diamides resulted in 100 per cent mortality of first and third instar caterpillars at 7 DAE in laboratory bioassays. Chlorantraniliprole 62.5 FS exhibited superior and long-lasting effect with 29.9 per cent and 24 per cent mortality of first and third instar larvae of S. frugiperda, respectively at 35 DAE. When insecticide treated seeds were sown in the field, the least leaf damage was observed in seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole 62.5 FS followed by cyantraniliprole 19.8% + thiamethoxam 19.8% FS. Spinetoram followed by chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate were found effective in case of foliar spray. The present study revealed seed treatment with diamides as an economic and effective alternative to multiple insecticide sprays for the management of S. frugiperda.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON Helminthosporium LEAF BLIGHT OF BROWNTOP MILLET [Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-31) GUTHA VENKATA RAMESH; PALANNA, K. B.Browntop millet was recently introduced into millet system in India for domestic purpose. In Kharif 2018, leaf blight was observed at Bangalore, India. Spots were brownin colour with small yellow halo eventually enlarged with light brown centre. Spots coalesce causing blight. Maximum disease severity was recorded in Bengaluru (8.46 G) and minimum in Mandya (4.80 G). Morphologically the pathogen was identified as Bipolaris sp. by comparing with standard descriptions of Helminthosporium species. BTMH5 isolate was identified as more virulent. Pathogen was able to infect only browntop millet. Czapek Dox agar (CDA) and host leaf decoction agar with 2 per cent sucrose and pH 6.0 to pH 7.0 were found to be ideal for radial mycelial growth and sporulation. In vegetative compatibility, BTMH2 × BTMH6 showed compatibile reaction where H-shaped hyphal anastomosis was observed. Barren pseudothecia are produced on Sach’s agar medium. BLAST results of GPDH sequences confirmed that Bipolaris setariae as the causal organism of browntop millet leaf blight in India. Specific primers were designed and validated. Among the botanicals, maximum per cent inhibition was noticed in agave with no inhibition in calotropis. Trichoderma viride along with T.harzianum strain 14 among the fungal bio agents and P42 strain of Bacillus velezensis among the bacterial bio agents accounted maximum per cent inhibition. Mancozeb (96.54 %) among the contact fungicides, propiconazole (100.00 %) among the systemic fungicides and cymoxanil + mancozeb among the combi-product fungicides exhibited maximum inhibition of mycelial growth. Amongst the 40 germplasm screened, none of the germplasm showed resistant reaction.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS FOR OIL YIELD AND QUALITY IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-10-21) VIJAYA KUMARA, L; Dr. SHADAKSHARI, Y GF1 hybrids are the major cultivar types used for commercial sunflower production. Use of genetically diverse parents is the key for development of broad based hybrids. Such hybrids contribute to sustainable sunflower production. Under these premises, an investigation was carried out to (i) identify high oil yield and oleic acid heterotic hybrids developed using existing inbred lines (ii) to develop and assess GCA of existing inbred lines for oleic acid and develop new inbred lines with high oleic acid content. A total of 50 hybrids, involving the existing 5 lines and 10 testers, along with parents and checks (KBSH-41, KBSH-44, KBSH-53 and RFSH-1) were evaluated during Kharif 2012 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), University of Agricultural Sciences,Bangalore. Three cross combinations, CMS 54A × RHA 23, CMS 54A × RHA-87and CMS 135A × RHA 23 were identified as desirable hybrids for seed yield plant-1, volume weight, 100 seed weight, oil content, oil yield and oleic acid content. Among the 50 hybrids, the best 15 hybrids were evaluated for stability across three seasons (kharif, rabiand summer). Four of these 15 hybrids, viz., CMS 58A × CSFI 5387, CMS 103A × RCR39, CMS 59A × CSFI 5387 and CMS 135A × RHA 23 were found stable across three seasons for all the characters. Three lines, CMS 103B, CMS 135B, CMS 58B and two testers CSFI 5387 and DRSF 106 were identified as high overall general combiners. A total of 412 and 423 plants were selected from B × B and R × R gene pools, respectively based on the allele specific SSR markers. The best ten of these lines were derived from two B × B gene pools (CMS 103B × CMS 135B, CMS 54B × CMS 103B) and three R × R gene pools (CSFI 5387× RCR 39, RCR 39 × RHA 87 and RCR 39 × CSFI 5387)
