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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access SMALL RUMINANT VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS - A STUDY OF SHEEP REARING ALONG SOUTH TRANSECT OF BENGALURU(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 1-01-31) K., NISHMITHA,; GIRISH, M.R.The present study was conducted in South Transect of Bengaluru (Bengaluru Urban and Ramanagara districts) to map the sheep value chain; to assess the financial viability, production efficiency of sheep enterprise and marketing of sheep; to analyse the consumer preference for sheep meat; and to identify the constraints in sheep rearing. The major actors in sheep value chain in the study area were input suppliers, sheep rearers, butchers, and consumers. The total cost incurred and the gross returns realised per annum for rearing a flock size of 51 sheep was ₹ 2,86,384.62/- and ₹ 4,29,364.83/-, respectively, resulting in a net returns of ₹ 1,42,980.21/-. Labour was the major cost accounting for about 49 per cent of the total variable cost. At 12 per cent discount rate, the NPW, BCR and IRR were found to be ₹ 3,36,569.23/-, 1.24 and 36 per cent, respectively, indicating the financial viability of sheep rearing. In the study area, two channels were prevalent for marketing of sheep, viz., Channel I: Farmer – Farmer and Channel II: Farmer – Butcher – Consumer. Majority (50 %) of the sample sheep farmers sold their sheep exclusively through Channel I while 37.50 per cent of the sheep farmers sold their sheep exclusively through Channel II. Tenderness was the most important factor influencing the purchase of sheep meat by sample consumers. The incidence of diseases and lack of organised marketing facility were the major constraints faced by sheep rearers.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON INSECT PEST COMPLEX OF WATERMELON Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) AND THEIR MANAGEMENT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 19-08-08) HARISH VARMA, M; SRINIVAS REDDY, K MThe present investigation on insect pests of watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (T.) and their management carried out under field conditions revealed that the major insect pests observed during cropping period were leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess); thrips, Thrips palmi (Karny); whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) with mean populations of 3.89±1.88, 9.71±6.25, 3.67±2.77 and 4.91±5.92 respectively. These insect pests prevailed throughout the cropping period, while, red pumpkin beetle, Raphidopalpa foveicollis (Lucas) and leaf eating caterpillar, Diaphania indica (Saunders) were recorded as minor defoliators with mean populations of 0.29±0.34 and 0.27±0.31, respectively. Management of major insect pests with insecticides showed that cyantraniliprole 10.26 % OD was found to be superior over other insecticides against L. trifolii and B. cucurbitae with 79.78 and 48.68 per cent reduction over control respectively. Thiamethoxam 25 % WG was effective against B. tabaci with 87.07 per cent reduction over control. While, two sprays of fipronil 5 % SC was most effective against T. palmi with 76.18 and 76.89 per cent reduction over control during first and second sprays, respectively. Influence of usage of insecticides on natural enemies (spiders, coccinellids) and pollinators (Honey bees) were recorded. The results revealed that Spinosad 45 % SC was the safest insecticide to natural enemies and pollinators compared to all the other insecticidal treatments. Crop sprayed with cyantraniliprole 10.26 % OD recorded highest fruit yield among different insecticidal treatments with 51.83 t/ha. Whereas, the highest B:C ratio was found in fipronil 5 % SC with 3.39.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PYTHIUM SOFT ROOT ROT DISEASE OF MULBERRY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2019-08-28) RAVICHANDRA; Y. M. SOMASEKHARAMulberry crop affected by many diseases and threatening the mulberry cultivation. Recently, some of the mulberry gardens were infected with soft root rot disease with symptoms like withering and drying of leaves, mucilaginous matrix on bark of the roots resulting roots become soft and ultimately the plant showed epinasty and wilting. The soft root rot disease was observed in Agara (43.76 %), Kebre (32.57%), Thattekere (18.79%) and Gerehalli (13.58%) villages of Ramanagara district and Maddur (7.89 %), Halaguru (16.78 %) and Malavalli (6.58 %) of Mandya district. The pathogen Pythium sp. Was isolated from infected roots and identified based on morphological characters and proved pathogenicity. The maximum growth of the pathogen was found at 25 °C with pH 7. PDA (90 mm) and V-8 agar (90 mm) supported maximum growth of the pathogen. Among the fungicides evaluated in vitro condition Captan (86.29 %), Mancozeb + Metalaxyl, Carbendazim + Mancozeb, Fenamidone + Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin + Mancozeb (94.44 %), and Tebuconazole (100 %) were found effective. Among botanicals, neem extract (14.02 %) had highest inhibition of the pathogen. Trichoderma viride-1 (95.54 %) and Bacillus pumilis (58.88 %) were effective in vitro conditions. The bio-agents T. viride-1 and T. viride-2 found effective in glasshouse and field conditions. The effective fungicides Mancozeb + Metalaxyl (0.1 %) and Captan (0.2 %) reduced disease under field conditions up to 31.96 and 27.45 per cent, respectively. These fungicides, botanicals and bio-agents can be exploited for the management of soft root rot disease of mulberry.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF HUMAN ELEPHANT CONFLICT IMPACT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LANDSCAPES OF SAKALESHPUR AND ALUR TALUKS, CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2019-08-28) CHETHAN, C M; CHETHAN, C M; RAGHAVENDRA, S; RAGHAVENDRA, SThe Asian elephant inhabits more densely populated country like India that is facing rapid development accompanied by a high rate of deforestation, leading to increased interaction with humans. Sakaleshpur and Alur Taluks in Karnataka is one such case that has witnessed a higher level of human-elephant conflict (HEC) over the years. Forest area has been decreased from 32.00%(1998) to 30.10%(2011) and degraded further into 25.00% in 2018. Elephants are moving to the farmlands due to developmental activities. Increased plantation area from 17.80% to 24.50% resulted in increased area for elephant refuge. 50% of dung samples shows presence of 1-50 coffee beans. Respondent’s perception revealed that elephant menace was increased from the past 10 years(76.50%), due to scarcity of food and water(36.50%), attraction towards crops(23.00%),forest-fringes(7.50%),inadequate preventive measures(6.00%) and increased elephant’s population (6.00%). The vulnerability areas of HEC shows that damage was severe in the areas near to coffee, monoculture plantations and reserve-forest. More conflict incidences were observed within the distance of one kilometer from the reserve forest, and it decreased as distance increased. The severe conflict was seen during paddy maturation stage in the month of October- December. Elephants prefer Dawn, Dusk and night for crop-raiding to avoid human disturbance. Assessment made at a spatial and temporal level can be useful for taking up proper management of conflict at ground level.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF WHOLE GRAIN FLAKES FROM FOXTAIL MILLET (Setaria Italica L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SIDDESHWARA, G.N.; Eswarapppa, H.An investigation was undertaken to explore the potential of foxtail millet for development of foxtail millet flakes. The process parameters are soaking for 24 hours; cooking at 85ᵒC/10 minutes and drying at 65ᵒC for 1 hour were found to be optimum than other treatments for producing good quality flakes. The flakes were subjected to evaluation of physico-chemical, nutrient, sensory, and storage quality of flakes. Thousand flake weight and volume of the millet flakes were 2.36g and 14.97 ml, respectively with bulk density and true density of 0.15 g/ml and 0.37 g/ml respectively. The expansion ratio of Foxtail Millet Flakes was 8.04. The millet flakes had water holding capacity (13.14%), water absorption capacity (198.8%), water absorption index (196.98), water solubility index (2.57) and oil absorption capacity (99.7%). The millet flakes had moisture, fat, protein, total ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate and energy of 9.80, 0.69, 13.21, 1.23, 9.06, 63.40 per cent and 271 kcal, respectively. The microbial load was within permissible limit during storage period. The foxtail millet flakes were most acceptable in terms of sensory quality and had shelf life of two months at ambient temperature. It was concluded that foxtail millet flakes preparation could be a main avenue for utilizing foxtail millets.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF RAINFALL IN HAVERI DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) RAGHAVENDRA, C.S.; Gowda, D.M.The amount of rainfall and its pattern is one of the important factors that affect agricultural system. The analysis of rainfall data for long period provide information about pattern and its variability. For this purpose daily rainfall (mm) data pertaining to all taluks of Haveri district were collected from the AICRP on Agro meteorology, UAS, GKVK for the period of 32 years from 1982-2013.68. The average annual rainfall in the district during the study period was found to be 746.32 mm with a coefficient of variation of 21.27 per cent. Sixty eight per cent of the annual rainfall was received from South-West monsoon of which September month received highest amount of rainfall in the district. Mann Kendall test has revealed that all taluks of the district have registered non- significant positive trend. However, two taluks namely Byadgi & Hirekerur were found to have positive significant trend in annual rainfall out of seven taluks. The probability distribution viz., Normal, lognormal, Gamma (1P, 2P, 3P), General extreme value (GEV), Weibull (1P, 2P, 3P), Gumbel and Pareto were fitted for rainfall data of different periods of the district to observe pattern and goodness of fit was tested using Kolmogorov– Smirnov test. From the analysis, Weibull and Normal were found to be best fitted distributions for annual and seasonal rainfall data respectively. For Standard Meteorological Week 23rd to 39th SMW of rainfall data, Gamma, Log-Normal, Weibull and GEV were found to be the best fit distributions.ThesisItem Open Access STAGGERING AND OPTIMIZATION OF PLANTING RATIOS TO MAXIMIZE THE SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF SINGLE CROSS HYBRID MAIZE MAH 14-5 (Zea mays L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) ANIL KUMAR, G. S.; RAMANAPPA, T.M.The present investigation was carried out in two field experiments, one being the staggered sowing to study synchronization of flowering between female (CAL 1443) and male (CML 451) parents of single cross hybrid maize, MAH 14-5 during kharif 2017. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with five treatments and four replications. The female and male parents sown on same day (S3) showed better synchronization in flowering which in turn resulted significant enhancement in yield parameters like ear length (18.33 cm), number of seeds per row (28.15), ear weight (140.35 g), seed weight per ear (115.75 g), seed yield per plant (140.10 g), seed yield per plot (2.24 kg) and seed yield per ha (34.09 q) in female parent. Another experiment was carried out to optimize the planting ratios during summer 2018. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with five main plot treatments (planting ratios) and two sub plot treatments (zinc nutrient). Planting ratio of 4:2 (female : male) registered significantly higher values for ear weight (141.63 g), ear diameter (4.65 cm), ear length (18.55 cm), number of seed rows per ear (16.13), number of seeds per row (28.13), seed weight per ear (115.75) and seed yield per plant (135.49 g) in seed parent. However, significant differences for seed yield per plot (8.96 kg) and seed yield per ha (35.10 q) was observed in 4:1 planting ratio. Hence, the study concluded that the sowing of male and female parents on same day with planting ratio of 4:1 could achieve better synchronisation of flowering in parents higher seed quality attributes and yield of seed parent.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DIVERSITY OF BEETLE ACROSS THE RURAL-URBAN GRADIENTS OF BANGALORE DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) JAGADEESH, KANASOGI; JEMLA NAIK, D.Urbanization is a dominant process of land alteration converting rural undisturbed areas into urban land. Now a days, the world is facing greatest ever biodiversity crisis due to urbanization, which leads to extinction of many species of plants and insects. The present study examined changes in abundance and diversity of beetles across the rural-urban gradients of Bangalore district during 2017-18. Using four methods of collection (light trap, sweep net, malaise trap and bee bowl) a total of 20,978 beetles of 271 morpho-species belongs to 30 families were collected. Among beetles, Staphylinidae contribute 72 per cent followed by Scarabaeidae and Carabidae. The light trap was found more efficient and effective for beetle collection as ninetythree per cent of total beetles were collected compared to other methods used in the study. The abundance and diversity of beetle were recorded more in post monsoon compared to pre-monsoon. During both the seasons, highest number of beetles were collected from rural gradients (8034) followed by peri-urban (6580) and urban gradients (5006). Shannon diversity index value was highest in peri-urban areas (H’=3.85) followed by rural (H’=3.81) and urban (H’=3.62). But, there were no significant differences were observed in both abundance and diversity of beetles across the gradients. Beetle diversity had shown positive correlation with diversity of vegetation. The present findings suggest that beetle can be used as a bio-indicator as it contributes 40 per cent of total insects species collected. Further, ecological health of a given area can be determined easily using beetle diversity.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON VEGETABLE SEED BUSINESS IN BENGALURU DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) KRISHNAPRIYA, P.; GANAPATHY, M.S.
