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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access OPTIMAL PRODUCTION TIMING AND LAND ALLOCATION FOR SUMMER TOMATO IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA -AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-10-26) VASANTH KUMAR, C.; Sreenivasa Murthy, D.The study was undertaken to assess the optimal production timing and land allocation for summer under different tomato transplanting groups based on the timing of transplanting of seedlings, viz, TA1 (April 1st to 15th), TA2 (April 16th to 30th), TM1 (May 1 st to 15th) and TM2 (May 16th to 30th). The data was collected from 120 sample farmers of Kolar and Chikkaballapur districts using Multi-stage purposive-cum-random sampling procedure and analysed using simple tabular, production function and Data Envelopment Analysis. Economic feasibility analysis indicated that summer tomato production in Karnataka is both capital and labour intensive and is economically viable to the growers particularly more to the farmers of group TM1. Time series analysis of price data revealed two ideal crop seasons in a year i.e., crop harvest coinciding with the late kharif crop (November month) and crop harvest coinciding the summer crops (late June and July) as these would fetch farmers highest returns. The study validated that May month especially the first fortnight was the best time for farmers to transplant tomato to maximize the profit. Majority of farmers (75 %) in summer production are yet to achieve the technical efficiency level of 0.90 and above suggesting a great scope to reduce the use of present inputs by about 20 per cent and still maintain the same level of tomato yield. Allocative efficiency in tomato production is about 33 per cent and suggests majority of farmers are not yet applying the inputs in optimal proportions with respective prices.ThesisItem Open Access CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN BENGALURU CITY(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-08-10) APARNA, K. S.; Nagaraja, G. N.The present study was conducted to know the Consumption pattern of fruits and vegetables in Bengaluru city. The study revealed that the important factors influencing the consumers to consume fruits and vegetables are consumer’s perception, health consciousness, convenience, affordability, nutrition, diet requirement and source of energy. About 66.67 per cent of consumers consume fruits once a day followed by 27.78 per cent two times a day and 5.56 per cent all three times a day. 50 Per cent of consumers consume vegetables twice a day, 38.89 per cent all three times a day and 11.11 per cent only once a day. 53.33 per cent of the consumers buy fruits and vegetables as and when needed, 26.67 per cent of consumers buy once in two days, 11.11 per cent of consumers buy daily and 8.89 per cent of the consumers buy weekly once. 54.44 per cent of households prefer modern retail stores with least preference to online shopping. The majority 77.78 per cent consumers prefer fresh fruits and vegetables, 22.22 per cent of consumers prefer cut fruits and vegetables. High price of fruits and vegetables and nonavailability of required quality and type of fruits and vegetables are the major constraints faced by the consumers. From this it can be suggested that the modern retail outlets can display nutritional value and advantages of consuming fruits and vegetables to influence consumers to purchase fruits and vegetables.ThesisItem Open Access BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE SELECTED FRUIT WASTES FOR THEIR NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES BANGALORE, 2016-03-23) MUKUL, M; CHANDRU, RFruit wastes (Pineapple, Jackfruit, Banana and Watermelon wastes) were collected from shops/roadside vendors in the city of Bengaluru and their nutritional composition, mineral content, dietary fiber and its properties were determined. Fruit wastes could be used as potential feedstuff for growing fishes; thereby this part of biodegradable municipal waste could be managed as alternative feedstuff in fish and other animal diets, reducing the amount of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills. Fish feeds were formulated with 50% Groundnut oil cake (GOC), 25% Rice Bran (RB) and different incorporation levels of fruit peels not exceeding 25% to get isocalorific value of 317.15 kcal per lOOg. To each of 50 grams of GOC and 25 grams of RB (Basal feed) the incorporation levels of test ingredients was calculated based on estimated energy levels and incorporated accordingly to obtain iso-calorific values. The composition was made 100% by incorporating Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) as inert filler. The fishes were fed for six days a week, twice daily and feeding was suspended on all Srmdays, during general holidays and on days when the weather conditions were unfavourable due to rain/continuous cloudiness. Sampling of fishes were conducted once in every ten days, which even checked the water quality along with the survival, growth and development of fishes. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the growth of fishes; in the pineapple peel followed by jackfruit rind and banana peel fortified feeds excluding control feed.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC MAPPING OF FUNCTIONAL MARKERS LOCATED IN QTL REGION FOR FUSARIUM WILT RESISTANCE IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2016-02-01) RAGHU, R.; Ravikumar, R L .Fusarium wilt (FW) is a major disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in all the chickpea growing areas. The present investigation utilized the FW linked QTLs/markers information to fine map the FW resistance regions. Forty six markers linked to FW resistance were reported which were physically mapped onto chickpea genome sequence. Among them, 23 markers were mapped on six chromosomes and six were mapped on unplaced genomic scaffold. After physical mapping, 16 genomic regions were selected for identification of genes and microsatellite repeats. Totally 36.85 Mb on chromosomes and 1.65 Mb on scaffolds were scanned for genes and SSR motifs. Altogether, 1,578 genes and 2,250 genic SSR motifs were identified and primers could be designed for only 941 genic SSR motifs. From among 941 markers 168 markers were selected for primer synthesis and 161 showed required amplification. Two intraspecific linkage maps of chickpea were constructed using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of JG62×WR315 (JW) and K850×WR315 (KW) using a set of 23 and 22 polymorphic SSR markers respectively for genotyping after screening 168 markers. Three linkage groups spanning a distance of 144.51 and 100.46 cM with an average markers density of 6.53 and 5.23 cM were observed for population JW and population KW respectively. The RILs were phenotyped for wilt resistance over two seasons. Six QTLs (qW60-07-1-1, q60pot-3-3, qW30-08-1-1, q30pot-3-1, qW30-07-3-1, and qW30-08-3-1) in population JW with phenotypic variance ranging from 8.56-23.62 per cent and one QTL (qWilt60-07-3-1) in population KW explaining phenotypic variance of 9.45 per cent were identified. These seven redefined QTLs were physically mapped to three chromosomes (2, 4 and 6) suggesting that there are three different loci controlling FW resistance. The QTLs were redefined with a smaller interval harbouring 75 putative candidate genes for disease resistance.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN GREEN GRAM (Vigna radiata (L) R. Wilczek) USING SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (SSRs)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-12) SOWJANYA, H. S.; ANITHA, PETER(Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) is commonly known as green gram or mung bean, provides dietary protein. The present study on molecular and morphological diversity for morphological characters using 25 green gram germplasm was conducted at UAS, Bengaluru during kharif 2015. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean square values for all morphological characters indicated substantial degree of genetic variability among the genotypes. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found to be having higher magnitude than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters under the study. The estimates of PCV and GCV were observed higher for primary branches per plant, clusters per plant, pods per plant, seed yield per plant and test weight. Heritability estimates were high for all the characters except plant height, pod length and seeds per pod. Lower genetic advance as per cent mean (GAM) was noticed for pod length and plant height remaining traits showed higher GAM. Diversity study by Mahalanobis D2 identified that the test weight contributed more to diversity than other characters. Genotypes were classified into five clusters by Tocher’s method. Cluster V, cluster IV showed higher and lower intra cluster distance respectively. Cluster V to cluster III had maximum and cluster V to cluster IV had minimum inter cluster distance. Alleles generated from SSR analyses were combined for UPGMA cluster analysis. Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity varied from 0.20 to 0.85. The genotypes IC- 39293, PLM-43, PLM-843 and PLM-929 were found superior to checks with high seed yield under field condition.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON FARMING SYSTEMS IN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-30) SAGAR, M.; Mahadevaiah, G. S.The climate change and climate variability topic has gained a lot of attention from researchers and academicians all around the globe because of its ill effects on our ecosystem, food production and on human livelihood. Agriculture being continuously and directly affected by precipitation and temperature, this sector is considered as one of the most climate-sensitive sectors. Climate change and climate variability pose a great risk to the world’s agricultural and natural resource systems which are already finding it difficult to cope with the growing food demand driven by population growth and the higher purchasing power in developing countries. The existing risks are compounded by uncertainty, pace of climate change and its regional effects.ThesisItem Open Access BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SILICON IN DIFFERENT RICE ECOSYSTEMS OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-29) SANDHYA, K.; Prakash, N. B.In order to understand biogeochemistry of silicon (Si), plant available Si (PAS) content was analysed in soils of different agro climatic zones of Karnataka besides conducting pot and field experiments to know the efficacy of different sources of Si and its bioavailability in rice ecosystem. Plant available Si content ranged from 1.41-82.89 mg kg-1 as extracted by calcium chloride (CCSi) and 6.69-370.24 mg kg-1 as extracted by acetic acid (AASi). Pearson’s correlation coefficient worked out for soil analytical data revealed a significant positive correlation between PAS and soil pH, silt, clay, cation exchange capacity and negative correlation with sand content. XRay Diffraction analysis of the soil samples revealed the presence of quartz, feldspars, amphibole, phyllosilicates as primary minerals and smectite, kaolinite, illite, vermiculite as clay minerals in various proportions. AASi was positively correlated with Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO and TiO2 demonstrating the extractant assessed the fraction of Si adsorbed on the surface of oxides or oxy-hydroxides and clays while, CCSi for immediate dissolved Si. Application of diatomite @ 300 kg ha-1 significantly increased the grain yield and numerical increase in other yield attributes in the field experiment. Budgeting of Si in a rice ecosystem revealed that majority of the biogeochemical cycle of Si was controlled by uptake, dissolution and contribution by irrigation water. Bioavailability of Si for rice in acidic, neutral and alkaline soil revealed that application of calcium silicate, diatomite and rice husk biochar significantly increased the yield parameters. Higher Si uptake was noticed in neutral soil followed by acidic and alkaline soil. In acidic and neutral soil, application of calcium silicate significantly increased the nutrient status of soil whereas rice husk biochar in alkaline soil and justifies the variability in reactivity of the sources in different soils rather than total Si content.ThesisItem Open Access BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF RESISTANCE IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) AGAINST DRY ROOT ROT CAUSED BY Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. AND ITS MANAGEMENT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-12) JYOTHI, V.; Saifulla, M.Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), also known as Gram or Bengal gram, is the second most important pulse crop in the world, India accounting for 60 to 75 per cent of the world‟s chickpea production. It is known by a variety of names that includes, poischiche (French), homos (Arabic), chickpea (English), grao-de-bico (Portugese), garbanzo (Spanish), chana (Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu) and kondaikadalai (Tamil). Chickpea seeds contain high quality easily digestible protein (25 %) and carbohydrates (20 %) making it an important source of protein for the vegetarians of the country and thus it is also called “Poor man‟s meat.” Chickpea is widely used either as grain or vegetable in Indian cuisine and an important source of vegetable protein. The origin of chickpea is thought to have been in South Eastern Turkey and neighbouring Northern Syria (Van der Maesen, 1972). It has since spread to many other geographical regions of the world because of its ability to grow in diverse environmental conditions. There are two main commercial types of chickpea, the “Desi” type with smaller and darker coloured seeds which may vary from yellow to black and the “Kabuli” type with large, smooth and light coloured seeds.ThesisItem Open Access EFFICACY OF COLLOIDAL SILVER PARTICLES AGAINST SELECTED PLANT PATHOGENS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-29) SHANTAMMA; Rangaswamy, K. T.Studies on efficacy of colloidal silver particles against late blight of potato and bacterial blight of pomegranate were carried out during 2014-16. Colloidal silver was synthesized by the ‘bottom up’ approach of wet chemical synthesis and analyzed by laser Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The particle size was in the range between 11.17 to 5186 nm with a mean diameter of 149.4 mm, of which 93.60 per cent particles measured 171.8 nm in diameter. The colloidal silver @ 500 ppm concentration was recorded (86.13 %) significantly maximum inhibition of Phytophthora infestans mycelia growth whereas @ 10 and 25 ppm completely inhibited Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae. The physical incompatibility was noticed when colloidal silver combined with fungicides Cymoxanil 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % WP and Dimethomorph 50 % WP due to change in the pH (8) of mixed solution, but physical compatibility was observed when colloidal silver particles antibiotic Streptocycline (Streptomycin sulphate 90 % + Tetracycline hydrochloride 10 %). The pH of the mixed solution was acidic (5.6). Phytotoxicity was recorded at 750 ppm of colloidal silver alone and in combinations with fungicides and antibiotic on both potato and pomegranate. In field studies, 500 ppm of colloidal silver in combination with 0.2 per cent of Cymoxanil 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % recorded maximum reduction of late blight severity as compared to either colloidal silver alone and its combination with Dimethomorph 50 % WP @ 0.20 per cent. No significant enhancement of inhibitory activity was observed when applied with antibiotic Streptocycline against pomegranate bacterial blight. The increased activity of defense enzymes viz., PO, PPO, PAL, chitinase, total phenols and higher accumulation of chlorophyll was observed in late blight infected potato and pomegranate plants upon treatment with either colloidal silver alone or in combination with fungicides/antibiotics.