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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE AND JAGGERY IN CAUVERY COMMAND AREA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2011-06-21) KESHAVAIAH, K. V.; PALLED, Y. B.Field experiments were conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya on the effect o f organic and integrated nutrient management practices on yield and quality o f sugarcane and jaggery during 2007-08 and 2008-09. The treatments consisted o f two varieties Co 62175 and Co 86032 as main plot and eight nutrient management piactices. The results o f the plant crop o f sugarcane reveal (hat Co 62175 variety recorded significantly higher cane height (2.45 m), cane weight (1.79 kg), girth (5.13 cm), population of millable canes (115340 ha'1), cane volume (0.185 m3) and sagarcane yield (149.04 t ha'')compared to Co 86032 variety. The juice quality parameters like brix (20.82%), pol per cent (19.13%), CCS (13.61%) were significantly higher with Co 86032 variety o f sugarcane. Among the nutrient management practices, significantly higher cane length (2.80 m), cane weight (2.05 kg), girth (3.58 cm), millable cane number (1,30,470 ha'1), cane volume (0.191 m3) and sugarcane yield (170.33 t ha'1) were recorded with 50 per cent N equivalent through pressmud and 50 per cent NPK through chemical fertilizers (N&) over all the other nutrient management practices (N7) except recommended package o f practices with which it was on par. Sugar yield was significantly higher with N() over other nutrient management practices but it was on par with N7. The jaggery quality was higher with more o f Al quality jaggery with organic nutrient management practices. The nutrient management practice with 50 per ccnt N equivalent through pressmud and 50 per cent NPK through chemical fertilizers recorded significantly higher net income (Rs. 105543 ha'1) and B:C ratio (2.28) over all the other nutrient management practices. The experiment on ratoon crop produced similar results as that of plant crop. Co 62175 variety o f sugarcane produced higher yield attributing parameters and yield over Co 86032. Among the nutrient management practices, higher yield attributing parameters and yield were recorded with N6 over all others excep! N7.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA (Cicerarietinumh) TO VARIOUS ORGANICS IN VERTISOLS OF NORTHERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2011-06-02) SANGAPPA, V. PATIL; HALiKATTI, S. I.Field experiments were conducted at Ag ricultural Research Station, An nigeri, UAS, Dharwad during rabiseasons of 2 0 0 9 -1 0 and 2010-11 in a fixer! site to exp lore the nutrient management options in organic cultivation of chickpea. In the experiment on nutrient management studies, app lication of nitrogen equivalen t .o 100 p er cent recommendeddose withen riched compost + vermicompost + g ly ricid ia green leaf manure inequal proportions (O M 2) recorded significantly higher grain yield (2 147 k g / ha) over other organic manures. Spraying of panchagavya @ 3 p er cent (L M i) at flower initiation and 15 days after flowering recorded significantly higher grain yield (2189 kg /ha ) over other liq uid organic ma'nures excep t 10 percent cowurine spray (2114 kg /ha). The combined application of 100 percent recommend ed dose of N with O M 2 and foliar spray of pan chag avya @ 3 per cent at flower initiation and 15 days after flower i n grecord ed significantly higher g rain yield (2 400 kg/ha) over control (water spray) an dre commended dose of fertilizers. Significantly higher B :C ratio w as recorded with O M 2 (3 .3 4 ), panchagavya spray of 3 percent (3.31) am ongliquid organic manures while the combined effect of O M 2L M | (3.69). The growth and yield attributing parameters , number of root nodules, and d rymatter production and its partitioning followed similar trend as that of grain yield. In the experiment on phosphorus management, significantly higher g rain yield (2140 kg /ha) was reco rded with applic ation of 200 kg rock phosphate per hectare over other low e rlevels excep t 150 k g R P 3 (2 0 6 9 kg/ha). Interaction o f co m post @ 5 tons per hectarewith 2 0 0 kg per ha rock phospha tereco rd ed significantly higher grin yield (2130 kg /h ). Higher B :C ratio was recorded with application of 200 kg per ha rock phosphate (3.32) a swell as interaction of compost @ 5 to n s/h a with 200 k g per ha rock phosphate (3.36) over control. The integ rated use of various so urces of organic manures with rock phosph ate in chickpeaim proved soil physical, chemical and biological properties and available N P K status .ThesisItem Open Access Molecular relationship between Croton leaf curl virus and Tomato leaf curl virus and insecticidal resistance in their vector Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2011-04-25) MAHESH, Y. S.; RANGASWAMY, K. T.Croton leaf curl virus is an important whitefly transmitted geminivirus. Characteristic symptoms of croton leaf curl disease were thickening of veins, leaf enations, upward and downward curling of the leaves. Survey of botanical gardens and nurseries indicated the occurrence of disease ranging from 6.7 to 37.14 per cent. The disease incidence was lowest in KSG Farm and Nursery, Chamarajpet, Bengaluru (6.70 %) and highest at M.R.S. Hebbal (37.14 %). CrLCuV was successfully transmitted only to the species of Tobacco viz, Nicotiana tabaccum cv. Samsun, and N. benthamiana. A minimum of 25 whiteflies per plant were required for virus transmission (10 %) while 50 per plant gave 60 per cent virus transmission. Maximum transmission (50 %) of the virus was achieved with AAP and IAP of 48 hr each. 100 per cent transmission was achieved through grafting and cuttings. Partial Coat Protein (CP) gene of CrLCuV was amplified using CP specific primers, cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of CP nucleotide (575 bp) sequences grouped CrLCuV and Ageratum yellow vein virus Pakistan isolate (AgYVV-[PAK] in same cluster. CrLCuV shared highest nucleotide similarity with ToLCNDV (Age) (95.6 %) and but shared 83.70 per cent with ToLCBV (Ban2). CrLCuV alpha satellite DNA (1371 bp) and beta satellite DNA (700 bp) sequences shared maximum nucleotide identity with Tobacco curly shoot virus isolate Y249 (TCuSV-Y249) (93.0 %) and Cotton leaf curl Multan beta satellite-[Pak:16-3:08] (100 %) respectively. B. tabaci B biotype was found more tolerant to all four insecticides viz., Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Triazophos and Monocrotophos tested than indigenous type. Susceptibility of indigenous and B biotype B. tabaci to selected insecticides tested varied to a greater extent with LC50 ranging from 6.651 μg a.i/ml to 665.580 μg a.i/ml and 10.162 to 1124.071 μg a.i/ml respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Utilization of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson as a source of nutrients recycling in finger millet - groundnut system” and “Bio- efficacy of herbicides to manage Chromolaena under waste land situation(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2011-06-06) KUMAR NAIK, A. H.; RAMACHANDRA PRASAD, T. V.Investigations were carried out on utility of Chromolaena odorata weed in finger millet- groundnut system on red sandy loam soil during 2003 – 2004 at Main Research Station, Hebbal, Bangalore, in terms of productivity, nutrient composition, maintaining soil fertility, growth, yield of crops and economics. The study comprised of eleven treatments with combinations of organic sources viz., Chromolaena odorata compost, FYM (farm yard manure), vermin-compost, cow dung slurry, microbial consortium, leaf litter, top forest soil, Glyricidia maculata and Lantana camara at 7.5 t ha-1 along with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), RDF + FYM, RDF alone and unfertilized control. Combined application of compost of Chromolaena odorata (90%) + cow dung slurry (10%) + microbial consortium + rock phosphate (2.5 kg /ton) @ 7. 5 t ha-1 along with 100% RDF recorded higher grain/ pod yield by 1.9% - 8.0% and higher net income of Rs. 784 – Rs 3,457 ha-1 than RDF + FYM 7.5 t ha-1 in the system. Further, uses of RDF + FYM 7.5 t ha-1 and compost of Chromolaena odorata (2/3) + FYM (1/3) @ 7.5 t ha-1 + RDF were the next best treatments. Chromolaena’s composts had higher nutrient composition than FYM and can be used profitably in crops. Another trial on bio-efficacy of herbicides to manage Chromolaena under wasteland situation was conducted at Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bangalore, with 18 treatments (four herbicides - glyphosate 41 SL 0.4 to 1.6 kg a.i./ ha, paraquat 24 SL 0.4 to 1.0 kg a.i./ ha, chlorimuron ethyl 10WP + metsulfuron methyl 10 WP 2.0 to 5.0 g/ ha, 2, 4-D Na salt 80 WP 1.0 to 2.5 kg a.i./ ha, manual cutting and unsprayed control). Use of paraquat at 0.4 to 1.0 kg ha-1 and glyphosate at 0.4 to 1.6 kg ha-1 caused 100% mortality without re- growth till 90 days after spraying, besides being cheaper in old existing weed and de-topped plants than manual weeding.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC PARAMETERS, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF ROOT AND SHOOT TRAITS RELATED TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2011-07-17) VEERESH GOWDA, R. P.; SHASHIDHAR, H. E.Rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) is the most important stable food crop for over half of the world’s population and it has renowned relationship with the humans since ages. Drought is the major constraint for rice production throughout world. Several physiological and morphological characters contributing resistance to drought in rice have been identified. Among all those, most studied and believed are root related attributes. Series of studies with OryzaSNP rice panel revealed significant genotypic difference for deep root growth. Based on deep root growth and water uptake characters, Dular and N22 were identified as the genotypes having better drought avoidance mechanism. Genetic variability study demonstrated higher PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean for most of the characters. Correlation studies indicated highly significant and positive correlation of deep root growth with water uptake and grain yield. The inter-cluster distance was not consistent with the geographic distribution of varieties. The varieties belonging to diverse ecological regions clustered together whereas, genotypes of the same region have entered widely into separate groups. Top performing breeding lines identified under IRRI-India network trials such as ARB 3, ARB 4, DGI 307, IR 74371-54-1-1, IR 52561-UBN-1-1-2, IR 74908-80-B-3-3 have more water up taking capacity during drought stress period. Among the donors and parents, Azucena, Brown Gora, IRAT 109, Vandana and Budda recorded significantly higher water uptake. The greater drought resistance of breeding lines and donors over others was explained by the differences in real time water uptake rates and root growth. A study using IR 64 x Adeysel NILs demonstrated that the difference in rice root architecture is essential to bring about significant yield advantage in drought stress environments. The results of gene expression using IR 64 x Adeysel NILs revealed increased activity of LEA genes in top roots than deep roots under drought stress condition. Their up-regulation in both tolerant and susceptible genotypes indicated that the upregulation per se is not related to drought tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF YOUNG COFFEES (Coffea spp.) TO DIFFERENT LEVELS, SOURCES OF FERTILIZERS AND MICROBIAL INOCULANTS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2011-10-16) KAMALA BAI, S.; NANJAPPA, H. V.One of the major problems that confront the coffee planter is the difficulty in establishing young coffee seedlings in the main field after transplanting due to the factors like slow growth of seedlings, long dry spells after field transplanting (3-6 months), which affect the establishment of young seedlings in the field. Under these circumstances, the important consideration is to boost the growth and development of young coffee plants in the main field through balanced nutrition. With this background, the present investigation on “Response of young coffees (Coffea spp.) to different levels, sources of fertilizers and microbial inoculants on growth and development” was undertaken at private plantation adjacent to Central Coffee Research Institute, Balehonnur for period of two years (2008- 2010). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and 12 treatments combinations involving three levels of fertilizers, two phosphorus sources, with and without microbial inoculants. Results revealed that, application of F3 level of fertilizer (20:20:20 and 40:60:40 NPK g plant-1 year-1 - Chandragiri and CXR, respectively) produced higher stem girth (27.53 and 24.92 mm plant-1 - Chandragiri and CXR respectively), maximum bush spread (101.85 for Chandragiri and 95.11 cm plant-1 for CXR ), more number of primary branches per plant (13.63 in Chandragiri and 9.25 in CXR) compared F1 level of fertilizers (10:20:10 for Chandragiri and 20:60:20 NPK g plant-1 year-1 for CXR) and Control (F2 -20:10:20 for Chandragiri and 40:30:40 NPK g plant-1 year-1 for CXR). Combined use of phosphorus 50 % Rock phosphate + 50 % Single super phosphate - P2 source) produced maximum root volume than P1 source (control- 100 % Rock phosphate). Use of microbial inoculants recorded higher nutrient uptake than uninoculated. Hence, from the present investigation, it is concluded that combination of F3 level of fertilizer, P2 source of phosphorus, with microbial inoculants resulted in producing vigorous and healthy seedling during pre bearing stage for arabica Cv. Chandragiri and robusta Cv.CXR.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL PROPERTIES AND DYNAMICS OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS AS INFLUENCED BY SHADE TREES, RAINFALL AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN COFFEE GROWING AREAS OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2011-08-06) ANANTHAKUMAR, M. A.; SUDHIR, K.An investigation was carried out during 2008–10 in the major coffee growing areas of Chikmagalur and Hassan districts of Karnataka to know the “Soil properties and dynamics of major nutrients as influenced by shade trees, rainfall and nutrient management in coffee growing areas of Karnataka”. Representative surface soil samples were collected during pre_ and post monsoon seasons from low, medium and high rainfall areas under mixed and mono shade estates and were analyzed for physical, chemical and biological properties. A piezometer study was also conducted in different locations taking into consideration the shade effects, rainfall effects and the depth of soil to know the nutrient leaching losses. Soil samples were also collected during pre and post monsoon seasons from different depths in the vicinity of piezometer installations to know the distribution of various forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. The results of soil properties revealed the soil pH, organic carbon, available nitrogen; phosphorus and potassium contents were higher under mixed shade in comparison to mono shade. Whereas soil organic carbon, available nitrogen and potassium contents were higher in high rain fall areas as compared to low rain fall areas; on the contrary P was higher in low rain fall as compared to high rain fall areas. The leaching loss of major nutrients was relatively higher under mono shade than under mixed shade and in medium rain fall regions than in high or low rain fall regions. The active fractions of carbon i.e. microbial biomass carbon, water soluble carbon and light fraction carbon were higher in pre monsoon than in post monsoon and were higher under mixed shade than under mono shade and, also higher under high rain fall than under low rain fall areas, irrespective of soil depths. The amounts of total and fractions of major nutrients viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were higher under mixed shade pattern than under mono shade pattern.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT ANALYSIS OF MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE PROGRAMME IN DHALAI DISTRICT OF TRIPURA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2011-02-16) JAYANTA, ROY.; NARAYANA GOWDA, K.The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was notified on 7th September 2005 and implemented in 200 districts of the country during the year 2006-2007 and was extended to additional 130 districts in 2007-2008. It was renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on 2nd October, 2009. A total of 615 districts in the country are covered under MGNREGA till 2010-2011. The basic objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household creating rural assets for the sustainable development of an agricultural and natural resource based economy. The study was conducted in Dhalai district of Tripura state during 2010-2011. Dhalai district was purposively selected for the study because MGNREGA programme was firstly implemented during 2006-2007 in Tripura. Totally, 150 beneficiaries were randomly selected from three villages of Kulai Gram Panchayat in Ambassa block of Dhalai district. It was found that 50 per cent of the respondents had favourable attitude towards MGNREGA programme. On the contrary, 36 and 14 per cent of the respondents had neutral and unfavourable attitude towards MGNREGA programme, respectively. The overall mean value of standard of living before MGNREGA was found to be 36.55 as compared to 60.16 after the implementation of MGNREGA programme indicating an increase of 65 per cent after the implementation of the MGNREGA programme. Out of different dimensions of standard of living, the employment generation increased by 168 per cent followed by annual income (149%), food consumption pattern (116%), investment on social function(96%), investment on savings (91%) and investment on assets (86%). The most important problems faced by the MGNREGA beneficiaries were providing employment of hundred days was too less (72%) in the present situation followed by lack of medical facilities (70%), delayed wage payment (69%).ThesisItem Open Access PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 INFECTING BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2011-11-26) BOMMALINGA, S; . REDDY, B M RRoot-knot nematode (Meliodogyne incognita) is the major pest on bell pepper which causes a yield loss upto 15 per cent. Excessive use of chemicals to manage nematodes affects soil bio-diversity and environment. In this context an attempt was made to manage M. incognita infecting bell pepper by using bio-agents. Investigations were carried out on the survey for the occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes in bell pepper growing areas in and around Bengaluru district, screening of five commercial cultivars against M. incognita under field condition and also management M. incognita using bioagents viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Paecillomyces lilacinus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pochonia chlamydosporia under green house condition. A field survey that was carried out extensively in bell pepper growing areas in and around Bengaluru district revealed the predominant occurrence of M. incognita (324/200cc soil) followed by Helicotylenchus spp. and Hoplolaimus spp. in Bengaluru followed by Banjerahalli of Kengeri. Among the five bell pepper cultivars viz., Indam Mamatha, Chocolate Wonder, Indra, Indam Supergold and California Wonder screened none of them was found to be resistant against root-knot nematode. However, the least number of galls were recorded in the roots of Indam Mamatha with least root-knot index followed by Chocolate Wonder. The cultivar, Indra was highly susceptible to root-knot nematode. Among the bioagents tested, the maximum plant height, more number of leaves, better root length, shoot weight, root weight and maximum fruit yield were observed in T. viride followed by P. fluorescens. The maximum reduction of galls per root system was noticed in T. viride compared to other treatments. The least number of egg masses per root system and least number of eggs per egg mass were recorded in T. viride followed by P. fluorescens.