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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF FUNGAL GROWTH ON COTTON FABRIC(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-09-09) SAKSHI, Miss.; Shailaja, D.N.This study comprised of both survey and experimental procedure conducted during 1997-98 in Dharwad. Self structured questionnaire was prepared to elicit information regarding popular brand of blue and starch used for household laundering by personal interview method. The sample comprised of fifty female households. Pure (100%) white poplin material was selected for experimental study and subjected for three finishes viz., desizing, blueing and starching. The control and treated samples were tested for occurrence of various fungi at two levels of relative humidity i.e. 65 per cent and 85 per cent The samples were inoculated with 6 days old four fungal cultures namely Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Chaetomium globosum and Helminthosporium sps. Inoculated samples were incubated for 7 days in humidity chamber and assessed for the extent of fungal growth, damage and change in physical parameters viz., cloth weight, cloth bursting strength and cloth tensile strength. The results of survey revealed that Robin liquid blue and Revive instant starch were popular for the household laundering. Aspergillus and Pencillium were the commonly found fungi in all the fabric samples. The visual inspection showed a remarkable decline in texture, lustre, colour and hand and feel of inoculated sample. Among the four selected cultures Rhizopus stolonifer damaged the samples maximum and Chaetomium globosum minimum. The starched samples inoculated with Rhizopus stolonifer at 65 per cent RH showed higher damage followed by control, blued and desized Chaetomium globosum inoculated on desized samples at 85 per cent RH showed least damage. All physical characteristics viz., cloth weight, cloth bursting strength and cloth tensile strength were adversely affected on inoculation of fungal cultures.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SOAKING AND CLEANSING AGENTS ON THE PIGMENTATION OF DHARWAD DESI COLOURED COTTON-1 (Gossypium arboreum L.) FABRIC(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-09-09) KHYADI, SHIVALEELA I.; Naik, Shailaja D.The study was conducted during the year 1997-98 in Dharwad city of Karnataka State with the objectives to study the effect of soaking, acidic and alkaline cleansing agents on the pigment of DDCC-1 fabric. Further the effect of commercial scouring and mercerisation was also studied. The change in the colour of DDCC-1 fabric was assessed with the aid of computer colour matching system under four illuminations viz., daylight, tungsten, tubelight-83 and tubelight-84. The study was also aimed to know the commonly used cleansing agents by the households for domestic laundering, since this information was essential to select the cleansing agents for the present experiment. Survey results of 150 female households revealed that detergent consumption is higher than the soaps and majority of them purchased the cleansing agents monthly. The pigment of DDCC—1 fabric improved on soaking in water irrespective of hardness. Stability in the improvement of colour was attained at 13'^ soaking. Significant enhancement in the pigment was observed on subsequent washes. Though the fabric was subjected for twenty washes, maximum increase in the colour was observed after 10'"' wash. Greater improvement in the pigment was observed when washed with detergents viz., Ariel, Surf and wheel compared to soaps (Nirma, 501 soap and OK soap cake) natural cleansing agents (Shikakai and Reetanut) and liquid detergents {Ezee and Genteel). Though all the selected cleansing agents enhanced the original colour, higher alkalinity, acidity and neutral pH did not show a remarkable improvement in the original colour. Commercial scouring and mercerisation also enhanced the original colour of DDCC-1 fabric remarkably.ThesisItem Open Access THE COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PRESERVATION OF JACK-PRUIT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-09-09) SONDE, NANDINI; Naik, Rama K.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF NATIVE RICE GENOTYPES FOR THE HYBRID RICE PRODUCTION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) MADHAVA KULKARNI, MANOJ; SHENOY, V. V.An investigation was carried out at ARS, Mugad involving 25 native "and improved genotypes of rice to estimate the extent of fertility restoration 'by different genotypes and to identify maintainers and restorers for the two CMS lines, wz., IR58025A and IR62829A. An assessment of heterosis for yield and yield attributing characters in the hybrid combinations involving effective restorers as one of the male parents was done. A wide range was observed for the extent of restoration in both the CMS lines, assessed in terms of pollen and spikelet fertility. A highly significant correlation was observed between pollen fertility and spikelet fertility. The ability of fertility restoration differed in a given genotype with the CMS lines, indicating change in the penetrance and expressivity of fertility restoring genes according to the nuclear background of male sterile parent. However, a restorer and three maintainers did not exhibit this type of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction. Out of the 25 native and improved rice genotypes screened against WA'®type CMS lines, for IR58025A, Antarsali and Champakali restored the fertility effectively and in case of IR62829A, Beeraga, Champakali and Jeerasali were the effective restorers. Three genotypes wz., Gopaldoddiga, Huggibhatta and Ptb-7 were effective maintainers for both the CMS lines. Most of the hybrids studied involving effective restorers as one of the parents exhibited positive heterobeltiosis for long duration, tallness, jiroductive tiller number and length of panicle. But in certain hybrid ppmbinations due to different degree of spikelet sterility in the hybrids, these characters do not reflect as increase in yield per plant. All hybrids studied showed significantly positive standard heterosis considering Amrut as the standard check variety. This indicates the potentiality of the hybrids for possible commercial utilization. Among the five hybrids studied, IR62829A/ Beeraga, 1R62829A/ Jeerasali and 1R58025A/ Antarsali were found to be promising.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SPANISH TYPE GROUNDNUTS FOR RESISTANCE TO STEM-AND POD-ROT CAUSED BY Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) KRISHNAKANTH, A.; CHANNABYRE GOWDA, M.V.SderotiuTn rolfsii incited stem and pod rots is a major constraint to groundnut productioa in many groundnut growing regions of India, Though considerable research has been carried out on the management of the disease, information on the reaction of the currently grown Spanish type cultivars to the fungus in India is larlring Evaluation of 13 genotypes along with resistant (ICGV 86590 and GBFDS 272) checks under artificially inoculated conditions indicated significant difference among genotypes and seasons as well as genotype x season interaction for disease, yield and yield related parameters. M^'ority of ruling Spanish type cultivars of Karaataka (TMV 2, JL 24, Dh 40, KRG 1 and R 8808), two germplasm lines (ICG 5125 and ICG 5247) and three leaf spot resistant Spanish mutants {VLl-28-2, VLl-45 and VLl-llO) were susceptibie, while a released cultivar Dh 8 was comparable or superior to the resistant checks. To assess the scope for selection in hybrid populations, two crosses were generated using JL 24, a popular but susceptible Spanish type cultivar and Dh 8, a resistant but deficient in shelling outturn and hundred seed mass. The crosses exhibited significant variability for all characters and it was highly heritable for disease inadence and yield per unit area. The fi^quency of superior sregants were high for disease resistance (48%), but low for shelling outturn (7%) and hundred seed mass (11 %) leading to recovery of very few desirable lines. None of the genotypes tested in the present study was completely resistant. Other controal measures (cultural, chemical and biological) when applied individually are known to be incompletely effective, necessitating integration of different approaches to achieve effective control of the pathogen. Drastic reduction and complete control ofThesisItem Open Access MICROPROPAGATION IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum spp. hybrid)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) HEGDE, GANAPATI; KURUVINASHETTI, M.S.Investigations on the micropropagation in sugarcane {Saccharum spp. hybrid) were conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Dharwad during 1996-98 in three popular cultivars of sugarcane, viz., *Co 8014*, *Co 85002' and 'CoC 671' with the purpose of developing a generalised protocol and to economise micropropagation. Apical meristems (domes) were used as explants. Among three levels of BA used, one with 2 mgT* resulted in maximum estabhshment of the meristem culture in all three cultivars. Out of the various combinations and concentrations of BA and NAA tried, the treatment 1.0 mgl"' BA was found to result in reasonably high average rate of shoot multiplication (6.26) across all the cultivars and the shoots were also of desirable quality. The treatment with 2.0 mgl"' BA gave the highest average rate of shoot multiplication (20.09). But the plantlets were very tiny, weak and non-separable. All four sources of sucrose, viz., analytical grade, laboratory grade, diamond sugar and ordinary (commercial) sugar were found to be equally effective for shoot multiplication in all three cultivars studied. The sucrose at 30 gl'* resulted in the highest over all shoot multiplication rate (5.40), which is significantly superior to other concentrations. Alternative supportive agents, viz., peat, sand and sabudani were unsuitable as supportive agents as a replacement for agar in producing desired rate of shoot multiplication. Very high rooting frequency was observed with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mgl"' NAA in all three cultivars. Good response was also observed with plain MS and 0.25 mgl* NAA. The survival of the potted plants during rainy season in an uncontrolled glasshouse with RH of 88 per cent was maximum (94%) for the cultivar 'Co 8014' followed by 'Co 85002' (88%) and 'CoC 671' (72%).ThesisItem Open Access SOMACLONAL VARIATION AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION FOR IMPROVING FODDER YIELD AND QUALITY IN HYBRID PENNISETUM [Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum. x P. purpureum Schum.](UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) BHAT, RAMESH; KURUVINASHETTI, M.S.NB 21, a commonly grown cultivar of hybrid pennisetum [Pennisetum americanum (L) K. Schum. x P. purpureum Schum.] was investigated for somaclonal variation through phenotypic, cytological, biochemical and molecular approaches. Newly produced interspecific hybrids between three bajra lines (89111 A, 90111A and 93333A) and a napier grass (Thick napier) were also studied. Frequency of callus induction from young inflorescence explants was high (100%) on modified MS medium with kinetin (1.25 mg f^) and 2,4-0 (1.25 mg 1'^). Majority (>95 %) of the callus induced was embryogenic. Lower levels of 2,4-D (1.00 and 1.25 mg 1'^) along with selective subculture of organized sectors was found effective for long term maintenance of totipotent callus. Plant regeneration from organized sectors was frequent (>92 %) on basa' MS. Histological studies revealed that plant regeneration occurred via somatic embryogenesis. Profuse rooting was induced on MS medium with NAA (1.00 mg I'Y Field evaluation of vegetative progenies of somaclones (272) along with donor (NB 21) showed widespread variation for many morphological, fodder yield and quality parameters. Comparatively, high frequency of variants was noticed for quality parameters (77% for crude protein) than quantitative characters (19% for plant height and stem thickness). Available variation indicated usefulness of somaclones in isolating genotypes with better fodder yield and quality. Cytological, biochemical (isozyme) and molecular (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - RAPD) analyses of somaclones indicated the possibility of linkage alterations through chromosomal rearrangements resulting into superior somaclones possessing a combination of desirable growth attributes of napier grass with better fodder quality of bajra. Variation among the Fi plants of Individual interspecific crosses was very high for many vegetative characters especially, for clump morphology,number of tillers,leafiness and plant height. Eight new hybrid clones were identified as superior over NB 21 (adapted cultivar) and IGFRI 7 (national check) for fodder yield. The best clone with glabrous leaves had 80 and 87.5 per cent increased fodder yield over IGFRI 7 and NB 21, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access CONJUNCTIVE USE OF SEWAGE AND BOREWELL WATER ON PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT {Tritieum aestivnm L.) AT VARIED FERTILITY LEVELS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) SALAKINKOP, SHIDDAPPA R.; Hunshal, C. S.An investigation was conducted to study the conjunctive use of sewage and borewell water on performance of wheat at varied fertility levels on farmers fields near Agriculture Research Station, Dharwad during two consecutive rabi seasons of 1996-97 and 1997-1998. Field experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with sewage and borewell irrigated land as main plots, sources of irrigation (sewage irrigation, alternative irrigation and borewell irrigation) as sub plots and four fertilizer levels (0,50%, 75% and 100% RDF) in sub-sub plots in three replications. The sewage .irrigated land recorded significantly higher (about 23%) grain (43.7 q ha-i) and straw (54.6 q ha O yield than borewell irrigated land. It also recorded higher growth rate interms of CGR, RGR, NAR and dry matter and yield attributes. Sources of irrigation differed significantly producing higher grain yield in sewage irrigation (41.9 q ha-1) and alternate irrigation (39.5 q ha-1) compared to borewell irrigation (35.5 q ha-1). Straw yield also followed the same trend recording 57.7, 50.6 and 46.8 q ha-1 in sewage, alternate and borewell water irrigation, respectively.The grain yield was influenced mainly by yield components viz., ears m"2, ear weight, seeds ear' and test weight which were higher under sewage and alternate irrigations. Among the fertilizer levels, 100% RDF (45.1 q ha-1) and 75% RDl* (43.0 q ha-1) were on par with each other. This emphasised the importance of sewage irrigation in saving 25 per cent cost on fertilizer. Application of 75% RDF and 100% RDF to sewage irrigated land under sewage irrigalion resulted in higher hut similar grain and straw yield over other interactions. Same trend was noticed in both the lands wherever sewage and alternate irrigation.s were provided indicat ing saving of 25 per cent RDF with use of sewage water. (Juality of crops interms of protein, gluten improved due to sewage water application and there was no accumulation of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) in i)lant part.s above the threshold limit. Soil under sewage irrigated land contained significantly higher N,P,K, S and inicronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn). Also soil maximum water holding capacity, BD and pH were improved. Content of toxic heavy metals in both lands did not increased significantly. Microbial population and their activity interms of dehydrogenase, phosphatase increased due to sewage application.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS AND INTERCROPS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE {Saccharum officinarum L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) ROODAGI, LACHAPPA I.; ITNAL, C.J.A field experiment was conducted to study the efifect of planting methods and intercrops on growth and yield of sugarcane in medium deep black soil at Kamataka Institute of Applied Agricultural Research, Sameerwadi during 1997-98. The experiment consisted of two planting methods and seven intercrops compared with sole sugarcane. The experiment was laidout in split-plot design with planting methods at m^n plots and intercrops in the sub plots. The treatments were replicated four times. The data revealed that planting methods did not influence the cane yield and sugar yield. However, paired row method of planting recorded higher cane yield (102.57 t/ha) and sugar yield (11.29 t/ha) than normal method of planting (101.15 t/ha and 11.23 t/ha, respectively). Similar response was observed with LAI, dry matter produced per plant throughout the crop growth and yield components at harvest. Intercropping and incorporation of iti situ green manure like sunnhemp recorded higher cane yield (111.09 t/ha) and sugar yield (12.49 tflia) compared to rest of the treatments. Intercropping of sugarcane with maize recorded significantly the lowest yield (70.82 t/ha) and sugar yeild (7.60 t/ha). The yield attributes like intemodal length and cane weight per plant recoreded numerically higher values in sugarcane + sunnhemp intercropping system as compared to other treatments. The dry matter production, LAI, plant height, number of intemodes and number of leaves were highest in sole sugarcane at 90 150 and at 210 DAP compared to other treatments and later on differences were smoothened out (i.e., 270, 300 DAP and at harvest). Intercropping of sugarcane with soybean gave higher gross (Rs. 99,248/ha) and net income (Rs. 68,336/ha) while, sugarcane intercropped with maize recorded the lowest gross income (Rs. 68,142/ha) and net income (Rs. 36,374/ha). Benefitxosi ratio was the highest when sugarcane was intercropped with soybean (3.21) while, cane intercropped with maize recorded lower benefif.cost ratio (2.15). Therefore, for getting higher net income, sugarcane may be intercropped with soybean under paired row method of planting.