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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access SOMACLONAL VARIATION AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION FOR IMPROVING FODDER YIELD AND QUALITY IN HYBRID PENNISETUM [Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum. x P. purpureum Schum.](UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) BHAT, RAMESH; KURUVINASHETTI, M.S.NB 21, a commonly grown cultivar of hybrid pennisetum [Pennisetum americanum (L) K. Schum. x P. purpureum Schum.] was investigated for somaclonal variation through phenotypic, cytological, biochemical and molecular approaches. Newly produced interspecific hybrids between three bajra lines (89111 A, 90111A and 93333A) and a napier grass (Thick napier) were also studied. Frequency of callus induction from young inflorescence explants was high (100%) on modified MS medium with kinetin (1.25 mg f^) and 2,4-0 (1.25 mg 1'^). Majority (>95 %) of the callus induced was embryogenic. Lower levels of 2,4-D (1.00 and 1.25 mg 1'^) along with selective subculture of organized sectors was found effective for long term maintenance of totipotent callus. Plant regeneration from organized sectors was frequent (>92 %) on basa' MS. Histological studies revealed that plant regeneration occurred via somatic embryogenesis. Profuse rooting was induced on MS medium with NAA (1.00 mg I'Y Field evaluation of vegetative progenies of somaclones (272) along with donor (NB 21) showed widespread variation for many morphological, fodder yield and quality parameters. Comparatively, high frequency of variants was noticed for quality parameters (77% for crude protein) than quantitative characters (19% for plant height and stem thickness). Available variation indicated usefulness of somaclones in isolating genotypes with better fodder yield and quality. Cytological, biochemical (isozyme) and molecular (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - RAPD) analyses of somaclones indicated the possibility of linkage alterations through chromosomal rearrangements resulting into superior somaclones possessing a combination of desirable growth attributes of napier grass with better fodder quality of bajra. Variation among the Fi plants of Individual interspecific crosses was very high for many vegetative characters especially, for clump morphology,number of tillers,leafiness and plant height. Eight new hybrid clones were identified as superior over NB 21 (adapted cultivar) and IGFRI 7 (national check) for fodder yield. The best clone with glabrous leaves had 80 and 87.5 per cent increased fodder yield over IGFRI 7 and NB 21, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access CONJUNCTIVE USE OF SEWAGE AND BOREWELL WATER ON PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT {Tritieum aestivnm L.) AT VARIED FERTILITY LEVELS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) SALAKINKOP, SHIDDAPPA R.; Hunshal, C. S.An investigation was conducted to study the conjunctive use of sewage and borewell water on performance of wheat at varied fertility levels on farmers fields near Agriculture Research Station, Dharwad during two consecutive rabi seasons of 1996-97 and 1997-1998. Field experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with sewage and borewell irrigated land as main plots, sources of irrigation (sewage irrigation, alternative irrigation and borewell irrigation) as sub plots and four fertilizer levels (0,50%, 75% and 100% RDF) in sub-sub plots in three replications. The sewage .irrigated land recorded significantly higher (about 23%) grain (43.7 q ha-i) and straw (54.6 q ha O yield than borewell irrigated land. It also recorded higher growth rate interms of CGR, RGR, NAR and dry matter and yield attributes. Sources of irrigation differed significantly producing higher grain yield in sewage irrigation (41.9 q ha-1) and alternate irrigation (39.5 q ha-1) compared to borewell irrigation (35.5 q ha-1). Straw yield also followed the same trend recording 57.7, 50.6 and 46.8 q ha-1 in sewage, alternate and borewell water irrigation, respectively.The grain yield was influenced mainly by yield components viz., ears m"2, ear weight, seeds ear' and test weight which were higher under sewage and alternate irrigations. Among the fertilizer levels, 100% RDF (45.1 q ha-1) and 75% RDl* (43.0 q ha-1) were on par with each other. This emphasised the importance of sewage irrigation in saving 25 per cent cost on fertilizer. Application of 75% RDF and 100% RDF to sewage irrigated land under sewage irrigalion resulted in higher hut similar grain and straw yield over other interactions. Same trend was noticed in both the lands wherever sewage and alternate irrigation.s were provided indicat ing saving of 25 per cent RDF with use of sewage water. (Juality of crops interms of protein, gluten improved due to sewage water application and there was no accumulation of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) in i)lant part.s above the threshold limit. Soil under sewage irrigated land contained significantly higher N,P,K, S and inicronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn). Also soil maximum water holding capacity, BD and pH were improved. Content of toxic heavy metals in both lands did not increased significantly. Microbial population and their activity interms of dehydrogenase, phosphatase increased due to sewage application.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF SOIL SOLARIZATION AND PLANT RESIDUE INCORPORATION ON WEED DYNAMICS AND PERFORMANCE OF CROPS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) CHITTAPUR, BASAVARAJ M.; HOSMANI, M.M.The increasing weed menace and decreasing soil health being the major deterrents in sustainable agricultural production, field experiments were conducted at Main Research Station, UAS, Dharwad during 1993-94 to 1995-96 to investigate the effects of i. kind and nature of polyethylene and placement heights on soil temperature, ii. kind and thickness of polyethylene and duration of solarization and iii. solarization and plant residue (viz., Glyricidia loppings, wheat straw or redgram stalks at 5t/ha) incorporation on weed growth and performance of crops, and iv. pre-incorporation residue (viz., wheat straw or cotton stalk at 5t/ha) inoculation (cattle dung or Phcmerochaete chrysosporium) on crop performance using randomised block design. Forage bajra, grain maize, soybean and wheat were the test crops. Polyethylene tarping of moist soil during summer months was effective in raising soil temperature. Thinner transparent polyethylene (TP 0.05 mm) was more effective than thicker (0.10 or 0.125 mm) transparent or black polyethylene particularly when placed close to the soil surface. Residue incorporation, at times reduced the magnitude of rise in temperature. These temperature changes influenced weed seed bank and dominant weeds such as Ageratum conyzoides, Trianthema portulacastntm and Commelina benghalensis were considerably controlled with TP 0.05 mm for 60 days. Solarization for shorter period was either not effective or stimulatory in some weeds. Among monocots, Denebra retrqflexa, Digitaria sangiiimlis, Panicum isachne and Cypenis rotundiis though decreased with intensive solarization (TP 0.05 mm for 50, or - for 60 days) found to be more resistant to high temperature effects. Plant residues though increased weed intensity in the first flush, resulted in substantial reduction in weed growth in subsequent flushes.Consequent to control of weeds and other growth influences summer soiarization with TP 0.05 mm for a period equal to or more than 50 days increased succeeding crop yields and such effects lasted over two consecutive seasons. Plant residues @ 5t/ha incorporated at the beginning of soiarization mineralized rapidly and improved yield of following crops. Green and pre - treated dry residues (natural biologically active dung slurry and decomposer Phanerochaete chrysosporium) improved the yields of immediate crops while untreated dry residues were particularly effective on the second crop grown in succession during the year.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FIGEONPEA POD BORER, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO //aNPV AND INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) GOPALI, JNANESHWAR B.; Lingappa, Dr. S.Studies were conducted from 1994 to 1996 at the Agricultural Research Station, Gulbarga and Main Research Station, UAS, Dharwad. Female to male moths in 10:13 ratio in a oviposition cage increased fecundity (504 eggs) and hatchabUity of eggs (64.2%) after incubating them in earthen pot covered with cloth and kept in moist sand in plastic basin. Rearing of neonate larvae on chickpea seedlings up to four days in group, and thereafter individually on artificial diet afforded highest survivability . Fourth instar larva was found ideal for large scale production of virus (2.81 x 10® POB larva). Plant shaking method was found to be most productive to collect the larvae in pigeonpea ecosystem. Cost of production of 100 LE from laboratory reared larvae was Rs. 102j0, being Rs. 25.40 more than from field collected larvae (Rs. 76.80). HaNPV stored under refrigerated conditions maintained virulence throughout the year as against four and six months, respectively, under ambient and earthen pot conditions. Combined use of both UV protectant (Robinblue 0.05%) and phagostimulant (0.5% of soymilk, or cotton seed kernel extract or jaggery ) not only resulted in higher and quicker mortality, but also increased the persistence of HoNPV. HaNPV @ 500 LE ha-1 twice at 15 days interval starting from flowering stage gave satisfactory control H. armigera. Application of HaNPV with high volume sprayers (Knapsack, battery operated and foot sprayers) was more effective compared to ULV sprayers. Among insectivorous birds, black drongo, house sparrow, green oee eater and blue jay accounted for 60.3, 19.8, 12.9 and 6.8 per cent of larval predation, respectively. Field evaluation of different perches revealed that animate perch (sorghum variety with bow head) @ 2500 ha-1 (300- 400 grams of seeds ha-1 was found most efficient in reducing the larval number and increasing the grain yield over other t5q3es of perches evaluated. Predatory actrity was hampered in synthetic insecticide sprayed plots. Bird droppings contained virulent virus particles (7 x 10® POB/ml). Evaluation of different IPM schedules with sorghum as bird perch module comprising of HaNW (500 LE ha-1), NSKE (5%) + HaNFY (250 LE ha-1), chlorpyriphos (0.04%), alphamethrin (0.01%) and module involving two sprays of HaNPV (500 LE ha fi, and one each of chlorpyriphos and alphamethrin (0.01%) were not only cost competitive, bui also were socially acceptable, ecologically balanced and easily adoptable.ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION AND MARKETING PERFORMANCE OF PULSES IN KARNATAIiA - AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) HANDIGANUR, SHARANESH S.; KUNNAL, L.B.The study was conducted in three major pulse growing districts of Karnataka with an overall objective of studying production and marketing performance of pulses during the year 1997-98. The pulse crops selected were pigeonpea, chickpea, greengram and blackgram. The secondary data pertaining to area, production, productivity, arrivals and prices were collected for a period of 20 years. The primary data were collected from 240 randomly selected farmers and 210 market functionaries. The statistical techniques such as Compound Growth Rates, Decomposition, Principal Component, Orthogonal Polynomial Regression, Seasonal Indices, Correlation and Regression Analyses were employed to fulfill various objectives. The results revealed the highest positive growth rates of area and production of total pulses in Dharwad (3.05 and 2.08%) and Bidar (1.90 and 3.5 %) districts whereas, in case of yield, positive but non-significant growth rate (1.47%) was noticed only in Bidar district. The principal component analysis revealed that lagged price and yield of the crop under consideration and the competing crops, gross cropped area irrigated, rainfall and area under the crop were the variables which influenced the most the production of the pulses. There was a dominance of few large traders who performed the triple functions of commission agents.wholesale traders and dal millers who controlled the major share of the pulse trade in the study markets. The wide seasonal fluctuations in the arrivals had their consequential unfavourable impact on prices in some regulated markets over differeni monlhs of the year. The trend pattern in prices exhibited a continuous upward swing for all the crops in the study area except Gadag market (for greengram). The producers' share in the consumer's rupee was more (90%) in Channel-Ill irrespective of crop and market. The study suggests the establishment of a Karnataka pulse growers federation and provision of credit to the farmers through co-operative societies by linking of credit with marketing.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON Chrysoperla camea (Stephens) AND ITS EVALUATION UNDER COTTON ECOSYSTEM(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1998-08-19) HEGDE, MAHABALESHWAR; KULKARNI, K.A.Invcrtigatioii on Cbrysoperia cmea (Stephens) Viz., standardization of mass I method, inbreedu^ studies in mass culture, response to kairomone, attraction, mnirrvation, rdease method in cotton ecosystem and impact of neem based pesticides imder field conditioe, were carried out fior two seasons during 1995-97. hdmMaariag of Ccanea larvae in groups by usiag wood shavings proved to be R^bambp recording 88.00 per cent puparion, oa par with individual rearing in injection vials (93%) and plastic louvers (91%). The mass rearing of 100 larvae per basin of size 35 cm diameter and 7 cm height was found to be nptiaw. AuKmg the Corcyra egg anmhmalions evafaated for laass rearuttnnaoelarvae with wood shavings as filler material, the promioe of 5 oc of Oanvweggp in two instalments of 1.25+3 .75 cc woaf sth per opvreedda ttoo rb. e Ethvea lbueastti ohnae oefd c ohne acpoesrt seocounrcoem oicfs facdsemlt)m, g aroduwlttsh iannddic faetceudn tdhiatyt blackgram powder can be istiiiimif for ptsiiiaiii without affecting their fecundity (353.00 eggs/female)! There was slow dnclue in charaeiers especially per cent hatchability and fecundijif mau acaiud from first generation (90.66 and 363.33) to 24th genaratum (77.67 and 235.00). Crossing of inbred progeny of laboratory colony ate 5th generation did not resdh mto marked improvement in vigour of hybrid progeny. The response of C.camea third instar larvae starved for four hours was maximum (1.22 min) when exposed to wax droplets coated with H.anaigera scale extract. Among the food attractanu tried, tryptopfaan (0.01%) proteincx (2%) mixture concentration was found to be promiring in attractioa of Ccanea adults on cotton ctop. Among the intercrops tried with cotton, hiceme fiivouied more natural enemies udiile, natural enemy population was least on cotton intercropped wfrh soybean. Among the C.camea release SMthods tested on cotton, larval bnishang proved to be the best followed by larval dusting, larval tapping and egg stopling. canam egg load and larval population were significantly low in all the neem based peKiddes sprayed plots compared to control. The recovmy of the psufoinry huvun wans Mffik when release was made after spray before spcay.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL SOLARIZATION FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN GROUNDNUT BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE, 1998) MUDALAGIRIYAPPA; H V, NANJAPPAAbstract not availableThesisItem Open Access BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF FALSE SMUT OF RICE [Oryza sativa L.) CAUSED BY Claviceps oryzae - sativae Hashioka IN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) HEGDE, YASHODA R.; ANAHOSUR, Dr. K.H.Systematic studies were carried out on false smut of rice with respect to its survival, perpetuation, cultural studies, life cycle and to develop integrated management strategies. Disease incidence was maximum (23.78%) in Udupi district. Crop sown beyond July 10th suffered least (0%). Weather parameters like lower maximum temperature (<31 °C), minimum temperature (19°C) and higher relative humidity (>90%) during 50 per cent flowering were favourable for the disease development. False smut has significantly reduced the per cent seed germination (25.26%) and 1000 grain weight (48.06%) and increased the chaffiness (40.86%). Healthy seedlings recorded high amount of phenol and ortho-dihydroxy phenol than the seedlings emerged from infected panicles. Chlamydospores germinated by producing one to four conidia in a wide pH range of 4.5 to 8.5. Production of true sclerotia was observed for the first time in Karnataka. True sclerotia germinated on autoclaved moist sand in 30 days at a temperature of 27 + 2°C by producing two to six stromatic heads. Fungus was identified as Claviceps oryzae-sativae and showed maximum radial growth in rice yeast dextrose agar. Chlamydospores and Pseudosclerotia retained their viability upto four and seven months respectively under room temperature. Sclerotia and chlamydospores were the source of survival and perpetuation of the fungus and helped in the disease initiation and disease cycle. Among different methods of inoculation evaluated, spraying of chlamydospore suspension on the inflorescence during flowering was the best method. Carbendazim (0.1%) was the most effective fungicide both under laboratory and field condition. Eucalyptus citriodora leaf extract was effective in inhibiting chlamydospore germination. Out of 80 genotypes screened, Kavya, lESH 1, IR 30864 were free from infection both under natural and artificial condition.ThesisItem Unknown RESPONSE OF RABZ SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) TO TILLAGE, MOISTURE CONSERVATION PRACTICES, ORGANICS AND NITROGEN IN VERTISOLS OF SEMI-ARID TROPICS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 1999-08-30) PATIL, SHEKHARGOUDA L.; SHEETAVANTAR, M. N.Investigations to study the Response of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to tillage, moisture conservation practices, organics and nitrogen levels in vertisols of semi-arid tropics" were conducted during 1994-95 and 1995-96 at Regional Research Station, Bijapur. In the first experiment among the different tillage practices, deep tillage increased the soil moisture content, infiltration rate and decreased the bulk density compared to medium and shallow tillage. Deep tillage recorded higher grain yield (1877 kg ha-1) by 22 and 45 per cent over medium and shallow tillage respectively. Increase in depth of tillage increased the growth and yield component values and increased availability and uptake of major nutrients. Among different organic sources, subabul recorded higher grain yield (1636 kg ha by 8 per cent over vermicompost. Subabul application improved the soil physico-chemical propenies and nutrient uptake over rest of the organics. Application of 50 kg N ha-1 increased the grain yield (1708 kg ha-1) by 6 and 23 per cent over 25 and 'O' kg N ha-1 respectively. Increase in N dose upto 50 kg ha*' increased the availability and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In the second experiment, formation of ridges and furrows and compartmental bunding increased the soil moisture content and recorded 1603 and 1567 kg ha-1 of grain yield which was higher by 26 and 23 per cent respectively over flat bed (1276 kg ha-1). Improved crop growth and higher nutrient uptake was observed with in situ moisture conservation practices over flat bed. Subabul application increased grain yield by 12 per cent (1570 kg ha-1) over vermicompost (1405 kg ha -1). Increase in nitrogen application upto 50 kg ha-1 improved the root growth, increased the nutrient availability and their uptake. Application of 25 and 50 kg N ha-1 increased the grain yield by 20 (1522 kg ha-1) and 31 per cent (1655 kg ha-1) respectively over control (1268 kg ha-1).