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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SPECIFIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE, GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF TURMERIC IN TURMERIC - MUSKMELON CROPPING SEQUENCE IN SOUTHERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) RAGHAVENDRA REDDY, M.; RAMAKRISHNA PARAMA, V.R.Turmeric is known for its use in medicine, cosmetics, food and textile industries. The present investigation was carried out at farmer’s field, Byadamudlu village, Chamarajanagara district, Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka to study the influence of specific nutrient management practices on nutrient uptake, growth, yield and quality of turmeric in turmeric - muskmelon cropping sequence. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with fourteen treatments and three replications. Significantly higher growth, yield parameters and fresh rhizome yield (34.07 t ha-1) were recorded on application of fertilizers recommended by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (UAS-B) along with microbial consortia (MC), a bio-fertilizer and arka actino plus (AAP), a bio-pesticide. Higher curcumin (5.257 %) and essential oil (5.424 %) were registered due to treatment T14 (N150P125K250 -100% UAS (B) rec. +MC+AAP). Total nutrient uptake by turmeric was higher in treatment T14. Nutrient management practice which include MC+AAP along with N150P125K250 (T14) recorded maximum soil microbial population and enzymatic activity at all intervals. Higher soil available nutrients (N, P2O5 and K2O) viz., 232.3, 72.34 and 476.7 kg ha-1 were recorded in T3, T2 and T11, respectively at harvest of turmeric. Nutrient use efficiencies of nitrogen (63.72 %), phosphorus (37.17 %) and potassium (79.26 %) were higher in T14. The residual effect of treatment T14 was superior in terms of better growth parameters, fruit yield (17.87 t ha-1) and nutrient uptake by muskmelon. Higher soil microbial population and enzyme activity after harvest of muskmelon were registered due to residual influence of treatment T14. Higher gross returns for the entire cropping sequence was ` 6,90,270 with benefit cost ratio of 3.2:1 was recorded in treatment T14. N150P125K250 -100% UAS (B) rec. +MC+AAP is recommended for turmeric in turmeric - muskmelon cropping sequence in Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF PRESSMUD AND BIOCOMPOST ON SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana G.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-08-07) POOJA, K.; Chamegowda, T. C.A field experiment entitled “Impact of pressmud and biocompost on soil properties, growth and yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana G.)” was conducted during kharif 2018 at Chamundeshwari Sugars Ltd., Bharathi Nagar, Maddur (Tq), Mandya (D). The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with ten treatments and three replications. The experimental results revealed that application of RDF + Biocompost @10 t ha-1 has significantly increased the plant height (91.86 and 115.2 cm at 60 DAT and harvest, respectively), number of tillers per plant (3.64 at 60 DAT and harvest), chlorophyll content (42.85 and 39.85 at 60 DAT and harvest, respectively), number of fingers per ear head (6.32), finger length (7.22 cm), test weight (3.31 g), grain yield (3765 kg ha-1 ) and straw yield (6109 kg ha-1 ) when compared with POP. Significantly higher major available nutrient like N (398 and 382.3 kg ha-1 at 60 DAT and harvest, respectively), P2O5 (195.3 and 173.2 kg ha-1 ) and K2O (467.9 and 381 at 60 DAT and harvest, respectively) has recorded with the application of RDF + Biocompost @10 t ha-1 . Significantly higher grain and straw uptake of N (44.43 and 45.81 kg ha-1 ), P (18.45 and 20.77 kg ha-1 ) and K (19.40 and 48.87 kg ha-1 ) has recorded in RDF + Biocompost @10 t ha-1 when compared with POP.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-08-08) PRADEEPConcerns about increasing levels of carbon dioxide in atmosphere drawn scientific attention towards the global carbon cycle and role of pedosphere in sequestering carbon. A study to assess and evaluate carbon sequestration potential of soils of southern Karnataka with respect to climate, landform, soil type and different land use systems. Ten soil pedons were studied based on soil map of Southern Karnataka, 2 each at Brahmavara, Balehonnur, Hassan, Tiptur and Hiriyur representing the different agro-climatic zones and land use. Soils of the study area were moderately shallow in Hiriyur and the rest deep to very deep. Soil reaction varied from strongly acidic in Balehonnur and Brahmavara, slightly acidic in Hassan and Tiptur, moderately alkaline in Hiriyur. Higher potential organic carbon sequestration in kg per square meter of top 150 cm was recorded in Balehonnur at 11.97 (Hilly zone), followed by Brahmavara at 10.16 (Coastal zone), Hassan at 8.72 (Southern and Northern Transition Zone), Tiptur at 6.81 (Eastern and Southern dry zone) and Hiriyur at 1.81 (Central Dry Zone) and dynamic organic carbon at top 30 cm recorded 6.44, 5.37, 3.69, 2.11 and 1.24 respectively. The order of potential and dynamic carbon sequestration potential is per-humid, humid, subhumid, moist semi-arid and dry-semi-arid climate. Evergreen forests recorded highest carbon sequestration potential followed by coffee, semi-evergreen forests, arecanut, cashew, coconut, eucalyptus, scrub forest and field crops.ThesisItem Open Access CARBON-NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN DIFFERENT SOIL AGGREGATES UNDER RAINFED AND IRRIGATED SITUATION WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN UNDER CEREAL AND PULSE BASED CROPPING SYSTEM(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-31) USHA KUMARI; SATHISH, A.An investigation was carried out to study the dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen in different soil aggregates with different levels of nitrogen in field bean, finger millet and maize under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The results of the study revealed that available nutrient status was recorded higher in N3 (100% RDN) level of nitrogen with pooled mean of 259.96 kg ha-1, 12.58, 2.65, 35.41, 1.96 mg kg-1, respectively for available nitrogen, DTPA extractable Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu while available P2O5 and K2O was recorded higher under N1 level with pooled mean of 10.15 and 146.53 kg ha-1 , respectively in irrigated condition. Similar trend was also noticed in rainfed condition. Grain as well as straw yield was recorded higher under N3 level of nitrogen with a pooled mean of 1112, 4478 and 9142 kg ha-1, respectively under irrigated and 1101, 3254, 6854 kg ha-1, respectively under rainfed, for field bean, finger millet and maize. The organic carbon and nitrogen fractions was recorded higher in N3 level under macro aggregates (>250 μm) as compared to N1 (No Nitrogen) level under micro aggregates (<250 μm). On comparing numerically, higher available nutrient status was observed under rainfed condition while higher fractions of organic carbon and nitrogen was recorded under irrigated condition. The aggregates stability was found non-significant over nitrogen levels in terms of mean weight diameter, while the aggregate stability in terms of tensile strength showed significant increase in stability with decrease in size of aggregates. Thus, higher organic carbon and nitrogen fractions was observed under irrigated condition, at N3 level, in macro aggregates at 0-15 cm depth.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS ENRICHED COMPOSTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF FINGER MILLET-COWPEA CROPPING SYSTEM IN CAUVERY COMMAND AREA, KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-30) JAGADEESHA, G. S.; Prakasha, H. C.A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, VC Farm, Mandya during kharif 2017, summer 2018, kharif 2018 and summer 2019 to study the effect of phosphorus enriched composts on soil properties, growth and yield of finger millet-cowpea cropping system. Prior to initiation of the field experiment, three different composts viz., urban solid waste compost (USWC), vermicompost and farm yard manure (FYM) were enriched with rock phosphate at 5 per cent. Enriched composts were characterized for various physical and chemical parameters as the pH had decreased in enriched USWC (8.02) and vermicompost (6.78) compared to unenriched USWC (8.29) and vermicompost (6.84). With respect to phosphorus concentration, enriched USWC (2.87 %), vermicompost (2.43 %) and FYM (1.16 %) were recorded higher than unenriched USWC (0.90 %), vermicompost (0.82 %) and FYM (0.28 %). Field experiment was laid out in RCBD design with eleven treatments and replicated thrice. The initial P2O5 of the experimental site was very high (133.58 kg ha-1). The results revealed that, application of recommended N and K + 75 per cent P supplied through enriched USWC (T5) had significantly higher grain (45.15) and straw yield (60.36 q ha-1) of finger millet and significantly higher grain (14.62) and haulm yield (29.98 q ha-1) of residual cowpea in pooled analysis. The uptake of nutrients by grain, straw and haulm of both the crops were significantly higher in T5 treatment. The post-harvest soil available nutrient status of both the crops were also significantly higher in T5 and higher phosphorus use efficiency (32.30 %) of finger millet was found in recommended N and K + 50 per cent P supplied through enriched USWC (T4). Higher BC ratio of 3.09 in first season (2017 and 2018) and 3.15 in second season (2018 and 2019) were recorded in T4 treatment.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF STCR TARGETED YIELD EQUATION FOR CABBAGE (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata) UNDER FERTIGATION WITH SOLUBLE FERTILIZERS AND ITS EVALUATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-11-08) SUNDARESH, R.; Basavaraja, P. K.Development of Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) targeted yield equations for cabbage (Var. Unnati) using soluble fertilizers and its evaluation through verification trial were conducted on Alfisols (kandic paleustalfs) of ZARS, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif 2016, 2017 and 2018. The fodder yield of maize and available NPK status recorded highest in high fertility (L3) strip followed by medium fertility (L2) strip and lowest in low fertility (L1) strip, which formed basis for conducting STCR main experiment on cabbage. Initial soil analytical data, cabbage yield and NPK uptake by cabbage in main experiment were used for obtaining four important basic parameters, viz., nutrient requirement (NR), nutrients contribution from soluble fertilizers (CF %), soil (CS %) and sheep manure (% C-OM). From these basic parameters, the following STCR fertiliser prescription equations under NPK alone (inorganics) and under IPNS were developed and evaluated through verification trial. STCR-NPK alone STCR-IPNS equations FN = 4.4750 T - 0.1342 STV FN = 4.1600 T - 0.1209 STV- 0.858 OM FP2O5 = 3.5822 T - 0.1954 STV FP2O5 = 2.6736 T - 0.1248 STV - 0.256 OM FK2O = 3.8005 T - 0.1140 STV FK2O = 4.3324 T - 0.1119 STV- 0.870 OM Significantly higher plant height and plant spread at different intervals, yield and yield attributes of cabbage were recorded in LMH approach followed by STCR inorganic approach and STCR-IPNS using soluble fertilizers. Higher partial factor productivity (PFP), apparent crop recovery efficiency (ARE) of NPK and response yard stick (RYS) were recorded in STCR integrated approach using soluble fertilizers. This study evidently concluded that higher efficiency of applied fertilizers, ARE and RYS were achieved under STCR- inorganics and STCR-IPNS approach. STCR targeted yield equations developed for cabbage under fertigation using soluble fertilizers are most suitable for eastern dry zone (Zone-5) of Karnataka for achieving higher production and productivity.ThesisItem Open Access SILICON MEDIATED AMELIORATIVE EFFECT WITH GYPSUM IN SODIC SOIL ON RICE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-27) RAJI MOL, R. P.; GOWDA, R. C.Pot culture and field experiment studies were conducted to study the ameliorative effect of silicon with gypsum on the properties of sodic soil and on growth and yield of rice. The silicon sources used were RHA, DE and CaSiO3 and all the three were used at two levels i.e. Si @125 and 250 kg ha-1. Based on the gypsum requirement (GR) of the soil, three levels of gypsum – 0, 50 and 100 per cent GR were fixed. Based on the results of pot culture, the best 17 treatments were selected and implemented in the sodic soils of V.C. Farm, Mandya using salt tolerant rice variety IR 30864 in summer 2018. Combined application of silicon sources with gypsum exerted significant improvement in the properties of sodic soil and in the yield of rice. Sole application of silicon sources enhanced the pH of sodic soil over control. The residual effects of the treatments on soil properties and growth and yield of rice were examined during the subsequent kharif season. The efficacy of silicon sources used varied depending on their reactivity with soil and gypsum. The present study emphasizes the use of RHA and DE with gypsum than CaSiO3 in alkali soil. Considering both growth and yield attributes and soil properties of both the experiments, combination of DE @ 250 kg Si ha-1 with 100 % gypsum based on GR accounted for significantly higher yield and improved chemical properties of soil.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF LIGNITE AND POULTRY MANURE BASED HUMIN ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-27) CHANDRAKANT; KADALLI, G. G.A green house study was carried out to evaluate the lignite (LH) and poultry manure (PMH) based humin on soil properties and crop productivity in three different soils (acid, neutral and alkali soil) with baby corn as test crop during 2018. A field experiment was also conducted in acid soil consisting of ten treatments replicated thrice in a RCBD with maize as main crop and cowpea as residue crop at KVK, Hadonahalli, Bengaluru Rural district during 2018-19. The per cent recovery of humin was higher from poultry manure (86.70%) than lignite manure (64.52%).The PMH recorded higher nutrient content than the lignite humin. In green house study, the performance of both humins was better in acid soil compared to neutral and alkali soils. At 60 days after sowing, significantly higher fresh and dry biomass of baby corn (53.94 and 42.90 g plant- 1, respectively) were recorded with T2 (FYM @10 t ha-1) which was followed at par with T7 (PMH @2.5 t ha-1 +FYM @7.5 t ha-1), T3 (LH @2.5 t ha-1 +FYM @7.5 t ha-1) and T8 (PMH @5 t ha-1 +FYM @5 t ha-1). In all treatments 100% RDF was commonly applied except control plot. In field experiment, significantly higher maize kernel (8070 kg ha-1), stover (9948 kg ha-1) and nutrient uptake was recorded with T2 and it was followed at par with T7, T3 and T8. Similar effect was recorded in cowpea residue crop. There was significant increase in available nutrient status in post harvest soils. Hence, it can be concluded that humin manures of poultry manure and lignite can be effectively utilized as alternative source of organic manure to the tune of 5 and 2.5 t ha-1, respectively without any detrimental effect on crop productivity and also on soil health especially for acid and neutral soils.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OF ZEOLITE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-27) SHIVAKUMARA, M. N.; Krishna Murthy, R.A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif-2017 and 2018 to study the influence of zeolite on soil properties, growth and yield of finger millet. Zeolite was characterized for various physical and chemical parameters, the pH of zeolite was 6.88, electrical conductivity was 0.61 dS m-1 and it has higher water holding capacity of 89.5%. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of zeolite were 0.14, 0.18 and 0.77 per cent, respectively. The cation exchange capacity of zeolite was 184 cmol (p+) kg-1 whereas bulk density and particle density were 0.54 and 0.64 Mg m3, respectively. Field experiment consisted 20 treatment combinations comprising five levels of zeolite ( 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg ha-1) and four levels of fertilizers (50, 75, 100 and 125 % RDF) application, laid out in RCBD design with factorial concept and replicated thrice on sandy loam soil having slightly acidic soil pH (5.52). The pooled analysis of two years data revealed that significantly higher grain (36.07 q ha-1) and straw yield (48.00 q ha-1) of finger millet was recorded in the treatment Z4F4 (50 kg ha-1+ 125 % RDF). Major nutrients like NPK uptake was also recorded higher in the treatment Z4F4 followed by Z4F3 (50 kg ha-1+ 100 % RDF). Soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was significantly higher in the treatment Z4F4 (243.96, 180.55 and 178.36 kg ha-1, respectively) at ear head stage and (239.81, 176.66 and 173.90 N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively) in post-harvest soils. Dehydrogenase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity were recorded greater with the higher application of zeolite and fertilizers. Study revealed that application of zeolite along with fertilizer in finger millet found best for getting higher yields, with maximum net returns with higher B:C ratio (2.96) under rainfed condition.
