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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL MANURES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF MULBERRY AND REARING PERFORMANCE OF SILKWORM (Bombyx mori L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-15) MEGHANA, G. M.; S. CHANDRASHEKHARAn experiment was conducted at Department of Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, during 2021-2022. Results of the experiment revealed that application of sheep manure equivalent to 150 % N ha-1 recorded significantly higher available nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and organic carbon (310.46, 68.58, 290.1 kg ha-1 and 0.76 %), respectively in Victory-1 variety mulberry garden soil. Same treatment recorded higher plant growth parameters such as plant height (141.6 cm), number of shoots plant-1 (27.4), number of leaves plant-1 (332.1) and leaf area (162.8 cm2), at 60 DAP. Leaf yield (70.26 t/ha/year), leaf quality parameters like total chlorophyll, crude protein, carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents at 45 DAP (2.93mg/g, 19.75, 11.79, 9.70, 3.16, 0.33 and 2.19 %), respectively. Further significantly higherrearing parameters of PM × CSR2 and FC1 × FC2 such as fifth instar larval weight (26.24, 44.85 g/10 larvae), single cocoon weight (2.33, 2.52 g), single pupal weight (1.90, 1.93 g), single cocoon shell weight (0.383, 0.588 g), cocoon shell ratio (16.74, 23.29 %), single cocoon filament length (969, 1579.33 m) were recorded in silkworms fed mulberry leaves produced from sheep manure equivalent to 150 % N ha-1. Treatment like control recorded higher B:C ratio in both PM × CSR2 and FC1 × FC2 cocoon production.ThesisItem Embargo PERFORMANCE OF BIVOLTINE SEED CROP ON GRADED LEVEL OF NUTRIENTS IN TREE MULBERRY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-02) ASHISH, S. KARUR; C. DORESWAMY“Performance of bivoltine seed crop on graded level of nutrients in tree mulberry” was carried out during 2022 in Krishi Vignana Kendra, Haradanahalli Farm Chamarajanagara to find out the right combination of nutrients required to attain maximum yield. The results revealed that, the plants applied with 40 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN recorded higher number of shoots/plant (24.45), number of leaves/shoot (42), shoot length (214.52 cm), plant height (416.83 cm), yield/plant (2.64 kg), moisture percentage (76.80 percent), moisture retention capacity (93.30 per cent), crude protein (20.33 per cent), chlorophyll ‘a’ (1.57 mg/g), chlorophyll ‘b’ (1.03 mg/g) and total chlorophyll content (2.57 mg/g). Among FC1 and FC 2 silkworm breeds reared, FC 2 breed has performed better on application of 40 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN. Significantly maximum larval weight (43.67 g/10 larvae), single cocoon weight (2.20 g), pupal weight (1.80 g), average filament length (1320.07 m) and filament weight (0.35g) were recorded. The plants applied with 20 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN recorded highest cocoon shell ratio (26.50 per cent) and denier (3.35) in FC 2 breed. With regard to Grainage parameters, silkworms fed with the plants applied with 40 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN recorded highest pupation rate (97.80 per cent), moth emergence percentage (94.27 per cent), fecundity (641.61 eggs) and hatchability (95.28 per cent). Maximum net returns (Rs. 3,31,542) and B:C ratio (3.59) was recorded in tree mulberry applied with 20 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN.ThesisItem Embargo CHARACTERIZATION OF MULBERRY ROOT ROT CAUSING FUNGI FROM SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF KARNATAKA AND THEIR MANAGEMENT(2023-02-06) NAVEEN CHANDRA REDDY; RAMAKRISHNA NAIKARoot rot is an important disease of mulberry caused by fungal pathogens and leads to considerable leaf yield loss. The survey conducted in eight districts of Southern Karnataka revealed maximum root rot incidence in Mysore district (35.22%) and was minimum in Kolar district (8.12%). The symptoms produced by Fusarium solani were yellowing, withered leaves and stunted growth with black discoloration of xylem vessels. Whereas, Macrophomina phaseolina and Lasiodiplodia theobromae infected plants showed complete withering, sudden death of plants and failed to sprout after pruning. The fungus F. solani produced micro and macro conidia and chlamydospores whereas, M. phaseolina produced pycnidial bodies and L. theobromae produced brown to black colour single septate spore. Further, these pathogens were proved with Koch’s postulates and confirmed by molecular characterization using ITS primers. The PDA, oat meal and Richard’s agar media were found best for growth of these pathogens. Colony colours varied from white, greyish white and black colour in L. theobromae, M. phaseolina and white to yellow and pinkish in F. solani. Fluffy growth with serrated margins was observed in all the three pathogens. The temperature of 25o to 30oC and pH of 7.0 were found best for growth of these fungi. The fungicides viz., Captan, Tebuconozole, Propiconozole and Carbendazim 12 % + Mancozeb 63 % WP, bio agents viz., Trichoderma viride (TV – B2) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs - M) and garlic extract among botanicals were found most effective against these fungal pathogens under laboratory conditions. February, 2023ThesisItem Embargo HETEROSIS FOR GROWTH, LEAF YIELD, BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN HYBRIDS OF MULBERRY (Morus spp.) AND REARING PERFORMANCE OF SILKWORM Bombyx mori L.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-01-30) LOHITHASHWA, K.M.; ChikkalingaiahThe study was conducted to evaluate heterosis for growth, yield and biochemical parameters, and rearing performance in six mulberry hybrids that were evaluated during 2021- 22. Six hybrids were selected and saplings of hybrids were planted in RCBD design in March 2022. Heterosis analysis revealed hybrid vigor in clones over the parents. Hybrid ME-03 × MI-66 recorded maximum and positive standard heterosis for a number of leaves (41.5 and 16.95 %), fresh weight of leaves (130g/30 leaves and 8.15 %), moisture content (74.6 % and 6.42 %), leaf shoot ratio (1.23 and 3.61 %) and specific leaf area (322.93 cm2/g and 27.12 %). Whereas, hybrid ME-65 × V1 did not exhibit positive standard heterosis for leaf yield (g), single leaf area (cm2), moisture content (%) number of leaves per branch, number of branches per plant, moisture content (%), dry matter (%), leaf shoot ratio, specific leaf area (cm2/g), fresh weight of leaves (g/30leaves), leaf yield (g/plant). The biochemical constituents of leaves of six mulberry hybrids and check V1 were analyzed. Hybrid ME-65 × V1 recorded the highest nitrogen content (3.17 %), crude protein (19.82 %), crude fiber (9.68 %), chlorophyll ‘a’ (1.62 mg/g), chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.73 mg/g) and total chlorophyll (2.35 mg/g). Rearing performance of mulberry hybrids on silkworm cross breed PM × CSR2 recorded the highest single larval weight (4.15 g), single cocoon weight (2.49g), ERR (94.67 %), cocoon shell weight (0.47 g), cocoon shell ratio (19.46 %), average filament length (1070.75 m) and silk productivity (5.16 c g / day) in ME-65 × V1 hybrid.ThesisItem Embargo EFFECT OF MULBERRY SHOOTS BIOCHAR APPLICATION ON PRODUCTION OF MULBERRY LEAF AND SILK COCOON(2023-01-24) RANJITHA BAI, H.; RAJE GOWDAA study on “Effect of mulberry shoots biochar application on production of mulberry leaf and silk cocoon” was conducted in the established V-1 tree mulberry garden at KVK, Hassan during 2022. Comprised of 10 treatments replicated thrice in RCBD. The experimental results revealed that combined application of 100 per cent NPK+ FYM @ 10 tha-1 + Biochar @ 15 t ha-1y-1 to soil significantly higher water holding capacity (49.34%), pH (6.87), electrical conductivity (0.23 dS m-1), primary, secondary and micronutrients content of soil over 100 per cent NPK+ FYM@ 20 t ha-1 (package of practice). The treatment also significantly enhanced the growth, yield parameters, biochemical parameters, elemental compositions of tree mulberry leaves. Further, feeding mulberry leaves obtained by application of 100 per cent NPK+ FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Biochar @ 15 t ha-1y-1 recorded significantly shorter fifth instar larval duration (7.76 days), higher fifth instar larval weight (53.21 g/10 larvae), effective rate of rearing (95.27%), cocoon weight (2.63 g), cocoon shell weight (0.59 g), pupal weight (2.04 g), filament length (1499.06 m), filament weight (0.48 g) and obtained higher net returns per hectare (Rs. 1,71,888. ha-1 crop-1). However, the B:C ratio (3.04) was recorded marginally lower in the treatment received 100 per cent recommended NPK+ FYM@ 10 t ha- 1 + Biochar @ 15 t ha-1y-1 when compared to treatment received 100 per cent recommended NPK+ FYM@ 10 t ha-1 + Biochar @ 10 t ha-1y-1 (3.08) and found to be cost effective as compared to other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALS WITH INSECTICIDAL AND ACARICIDAL PROPERTY ON SAFETY OF SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.(2022-01-01) KALPANA, S.; BANUPRAKASH, K G.An experiment was carried out in the Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2020-2021 to assess the chemicals with insecticidal and acaricidal property on safety of silkworms, Bombyx mori L. Among the pesticides evaluated, abamectin along with diafenthiuron performed better than the rest of the pesticides but were on par with the standard checks [wettable sulphur 80 % WP @ 2.5 g/l and dimethoate 30 % EC @ 2 ml/l]. Fenpropathrin 30 % EC @ 0.3 ml/l did not perform well in mulberry as well as rearing performance of silkworms at both 15 and 20 DAS. Abamectin and diafenthiuron did not exhibit any visual phytotoxic symptoms on mulberry and also did not affect the population of natural enemies which resulted in increased leaf yield at both 25 and 30 DAP spray schedule. When the treated leaves from these two pesticides were fed to the silkworms, it was found safer to the worms as they recorded zero mortality and cent per cent larval progression were observed at 15 and 20 DAS. Better rearing [shortest larval duration, maximum larval weight, ERR (%)] and reeling [cocooning percentage, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, longest filament length and maximum filament weight] performances were observed at 20 DAS when compared to 15 DAS. Hence, abamectin 1.9 % EC @ 0.75 ml/l and diafenthiuron 50 % WP @ 1 g/l can be verified as an alternate molecule to DDVP for managing both mulberry thrips and mites, where they found safer to the silkworms at 20 DAS.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PRUNING HEIGHTS ON QUALITY OF MULBERRY AND OUTBREAK OF BACTERIAL FLACHERIE DISEASE IN SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-12) C., LAVANYA; BHASKAR, R. N.The field experiment was conducted at Department of Sericulture, GKVK during 2020- 21 by introducing different heights of pruning to V-1 mulberry and the results revealed that, mulberry pruned at 150 cm above the ground level was recorded highest shoot height (95.60 cm), number of shoots (23.35), number of leaves (162.35) and leaf yield (479.25 g/ plant) per plant at 60 DAP. However, pruned at 30 cm significantly more moisture content (78.59 %), total chlorophyll (2.32 mg/g) content, leaf nutrient elements like N (3.90 %), P (0.58 %), K (2.04 %), Ca (1.20 %), Mg (0.13 %) and S (0.17 %) content were recorded at 30 DAP. Further, the leaf harvested from V-1 and fed to IV and V instar PM × CSR2 and FC1× FC2 hybrids revealed maximum V instar fifth day larval weight of 19.77 and 20.60 g/10 in healthy and 14.76 and 18.13 g/10 in inoculated batches where as in FC1 × FC2 the values were 31.61 and 32.45., 27.05 and 26.64 g/ 10, respectively. Further, T6 (150 cm) with bacterial inoculation revealed less larval weight reduction (11.52 and 15.63 %) in V instar inoculated batch than remaining treatments. It is vivid from the data that, bacterial percent disease outbreak was found more in the batches of silkworm fed on leaves from 60 cm above the ground level on contrary less (150 cm ) was noticed in both the hybrids. As the pruning height increased, from 30 - 150 cm the cocoon parameters were decreasedThesisItem Embargo BIO-MANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE IN MULBERRY (Morus alba L.) AND ITS IMPACT ON SILKWORM REARING(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2022-12-27) BHARATH, K. B.; Vinoda, K. S.The root-knot nematode (RKN), a serious pest on mulberry causing huge loss in the leaf yield (around 50 %) needs proper management for sustained productivity. Though chemical nematicides are available for effective management of RKNs they are equally hazardous to silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The present study focused on screening efficient bio-nematicides (Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pochonia clamydosporia and Pseudomonas fluorescens each separately @ 5 kg/ha enriched with 5 tons FYM) for safe management of RKN in mulberry. The morphological characterization of the nematodes isolated from mulberry rhizosphere revealed that the knots were induced due to the infestation of the RKN, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. The experimental results indicated that among the screened bioagents against M. incognita, the T. viride significantly reduced the nematode population in both rhizosphere soil (79.82 %) and the roots (85.21 %) apart from reducing the number of galls (52.07 %) and egg masses (69.91 %) in the infested roots. Further, the growth and yield of mulberry recorded significantly higher with T. viride treatment. The biochemical constituents and elemental parameters of the leaf recorded maximum with T. viride that was reflected through the performance of silkworm reared on the leaves of treated plants. The larval, cocoon and reeling parameters recorded significantly better values in those silkworms fed with leaves harvested from T. viride treated plantsThesisItem Embargo GENETICS OF WHITE MUSCARDINE DISEASE RESISTANCE IN THERMOTOLERANT BIVOLTINE SILKWORMS (Bombyx mori L.)(2022-12-30) CHANDRAKALA; MANJUNATH GOWDAThree thermotolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds viz., B1, B4 and B8 were crossed with CSR4 to study the genetics of white muscardine disease resistance using six generation mean analysis and disease scoring using mean, geometric and hormonic productivity. The fifth instar silkworms were topically inoculated with muscardine fungus (9.04 × 104 spores / ml @ 0.5 ml per silkworm) and assessed. Cocoon, shell, pupal and filament weights showed high heritability (h2) and high genetic advance (GA) and larval duration, cocoon yield by weight, shell ratio, pupation rate and filament length showed high h2 and low GA both under normal condition and muscardine inoculation. Six generation mean analysis for the five quantitative traits viz., larval, cocoon, pupal and shell weights and shell ratio, revealed inadequacy of additive-dominance model indicating epistatic digenic interactions both under normal condition and muscardine inoculation. Duplicate-type epistasis played a greater role than complementary epistasis for all the five traits under normal condition. Under muscardine inoculation complementary epistatic gene action was observed for larval, cocoon and pupal weights. The magnitude of additive gene effects [d], additive genetic variance (σ2A), dominance gene effects [h] and dominance genetic variance (σ2D) under muscardine inoculation indicated significant epistatic gene action in controlling these traits. The disease scoring for B. bassiana infection revealed that B1 × CSR4 and B4 × CSR4 hybrids showed high resistance in terms of larval and shell weights and resistance in terms of cocoon weight and shell ratio implying they being resistant hybrids and among the parents, B1 and B4 showed resistance in terms of larval and shell weights and shell ratio while moderate resistance in terms of cocoon and pupal weights. Thus, B1 and B4 can be considered as muscardine disease resistant thermotolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds. Further, the genetic parameters revealed that, hybridization and selection in later generations may yield desired results to improve muscardine disease resistant in these breeds.
