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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALS WITH INSECTICIDAL AND ACARICIDAL PROPERTY ON SAFETY OF SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.(2022-01-01) KALPANA, S.; BANUPRAKASH, K G.An experiment was carried out in the Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2020-2021 to assess the chemicals with insecticidal and acaricidal property on safety of silkworms, Bombyx mori L. Among the pesticides evaluated, abamectin along with diafenthiuron performed better than the rest of the pesticides but were on par with the standard checks [wettable sulphur 80 % WP @ 2.5 g/l and dimethoate 30 % EC @ 2 ml/l]. Fenpropathrin 30 % EC @ 0.3 ml/l did not perform well in mulberry as well as rearing performance of silkworms at both 15 and 20 DAS. Abamectin and diafenthiuron did not exhibit any visual phytotoxic symptoms on mulberry and also did not affect the population of natural enemies which resulted in increased leaf yield at both 25 and 30 DAP spray schedule. When the treated leaves from these two pesticides were fed to the silkworms, it was found safer to the worms as they recorded zero mortality and cent per cent larval progression were observed at 15 and 20 DAS. Better rearing [shortest larval duration, maximum larval weight, ERR (%)] and reeling [cocooning percentage, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, longest filament length and maximum filament weight] performances were observed at 20 DAS when compared to 15 DAS. Hence, abamectin 1.9 % EC @ 0.75 ml/l and diafenthiuron 50 % WP @ 1 g/l can be verified as an alternate molecule to DDVP for managing both mulberry thrips and mites, where they found safer to the silkworms at 20 DAS.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PRUNING HEIGHTS ON QUALITY OF MULBERRY AND OUTBREAK OF BACTERIAL FLACHERIE DISEASE IN SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-12) C., LAVANYA; BHASKAR, R. N.The field experiment was conducted at Department of Sericulture, GKVK during 2020- 21 by introducing different heights of pruning to V-1 mulberry and the results revealed that, mulberry pruned at 150 cm above the ground level was recorded highest shoot height (95.60 cm), number of shoots (23.35), number of leaves (162.35) and leaf yield (479.25 g/ plant) per plant at 60 DAP. However, pruned at 30 cm significantly more moisture content (78.59 %), total chlorophyll (2.32 mg/g) content, leaf nutrient elements like N (3.90 %), P (0.58 %), K (2.04 %), Ca (1.20 %), Mg (0.13 %) and S (0.17 %) content were recorded at 30 DAP. Further, the leaf harvested from V-1 and fed to IV and V instar PM × CSR2 and FC1× FC2 hybrids revealed maximum V instar fifth day larval weight of 19.77 and 20.60 g/10 in healthy and 14.76 and 18.13 g/10 in inoculated batches where as in FC1 × FC2 the values were 31.61 and 32.45., 27.05 and 26.64 g/ 10, respectively. Further, T6 (150 cm) with bacterial inoculation revealed less larval weight reduction (11.52 and 15.63 %) in V instar inoculated batch than remaining treatments. It is vivid from the data that, bacterial percent disease outbreak was found more in the batches of silkworm fed on leaves from 60 cm above the ground level on contrary less (150 cm ) was noticed in both the hybrids. As the pruning height increased, from 30 - 150 cm the cocoon parameters were decreasedThesisItem Embargo BIO-MANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE IN MULBERRY (Morus alba L.) AND ITS IMPACT ON SILKWORM REARING(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2022-12-27) BHARATH, K. B.; Vinoda, K. S.The root-knot nematode (RKN), a serious pest on mulberry causing huge loss in the leaf yield (around 50 %) needs proper management for sustained productivity. Though chemical nematicides are available for effective management of RKNs they are equally hazardous to silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The present study focused on screening efficient bio-nematicides (Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pochonia clamydosporia and Pseudomonas fluorescens each separately @ 5 kg/ha enriched with 5 tons FYM) for safe management of RKN in mulberry. The morphological characterization of the nematodes isolated from mulberry rhizosphere revealed that the knots were induced due to the infestation of the RKN, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. The experimental results indicated that among the screened bioagents against M. incognita, the T. viride significantly reduced the nematode population in both rhizosphere soil (79.82 %) and the roots (85.21 %) apart from reducing the number of galls (52.07 %) and egg masses (69.91 %) in the infested roots. Further, the growth and yield of mulberry recorded significantly higher with T. viride treatment. The biochemical constituents and elemental parameters of the leaf recorded maximum with T. viride that was reflected through the performance of silkworm reared on the leaves of treated plants. The larval, cocoon and reeling parameters recorded significantly better values in those silkworms fed with leaves harvested from T. viride treated plantsThesisItem Embargo GENETICS OF WHITE MUSCARDINE DISEASE RESISTANCE IN THERMOTOLERANT BIVOLTINE SILKWORMS (Bombyx mori L.)(2022-12-30) CHANDRAKALA; MANJUNATH GOWDAThree thermotolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds viz., B1, B4 and B8 were crossed with CSR4 to study the genetics of white muscardine disease resistance using six generation mean analysis and disease scoring using mean, geometric and hormonic productivity. The fifth instar silkworms were topically inoculated with muscardine fungus (9.04 × 104 spores / ml @ 0.5 ml per silkworm) and assessed. Cocoon, shell, pupal and filament weights showed high heritability (h2) and high genetic advance (GA) and larval duration, cocoon yield by weight, shell ratio, pupation rate and filament length showed high h2 and low GA both under normal condition and muscardine inoculation. Six generation mean analysis for the five quantitative traits viz., larval, cocoon, pupal and shell weights and shell ratio, revealed inadequacy of additive-dominance model indicating epistatic digenic interactions both under normal condition and muscardine inoculation. Duplicate-type epistasis played a greater role than complementary epistasis for all the five traits under normal condition. Under muscardine inoculation complementary epistatic gene action was observed for larval, cocoon and pupal weights. The magnitude of additive gene effects [d], additive genetic variance (σ2A), dominance gene effects [h] and dominance genetic variance (σ2D) under muscardine inoculation indicated significant epistatic gene action in controlling these traits. The disease scoring for B. bassiana infection revealed that B1 × CSR4 and B4 × CSR4 hybrids showed high resistance in terms of larval and shell weights and resistance in terms of cocoon weight and shell ratio implying they being resistant hybrids and among the parents, B1 and B4 showed resistance in terms of larval and shell weights and shell ratio while moderate resistance in terms of cocoon and pupal weights. Thus, B1 and B4 can be considered as muscardine disease resistant thermotolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds. Further, the genetic parameters revealed that, hybridization and selection in later generations may yield desired results to improve muscardine disease resistant in these breeds.ThesisItem Embargo RESIDUAL EFFECT OF CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES USED AGAINST THRIPS THROUGH REARING PERFORMANCE OF SILKWORM Bombyx mori L.(2022-12-29) SITHARA, H.; Dr. FATIMA SADATULLAA study was conducted to evaluate the safety period and residual effect of chemical insecticides used against thrips through rearing performance of silkworm Bombyx mori L. Insecticides were sprayed on mulberry at an interval of 25 (20 DAS), 30 (15 DAS) and 35 (10 DAS) days after pruning. Among the treatments acetamiprid 20 SP @ 0.2 g / l recorded highest larval mortality per cent even upto 20 DAS, Mortality was zero in buprofezin 25 SC @ 2 ml / l, fipronil 5 SC @ 2 ml / l, dimethoate 30 EC @ 2 ml / l at 15 and 20 DAS. Where as in acephate 75 SP @ 1 g / l and imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml / l there was zero mortality at 20 DAS. Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 0.2 g / l adversely affected the rearing performance of silkworm with residual toxicity symptoms like vomiting gut juice, rectal protrusion, stiffening of larval body and twisting of larval body in agony which was followed by acephate 75 SP @ 1 g / l which recorded hook shaped larvae with shrunken body and buprofezin 25 SC @ 2 ml / l recorded death of larvae without moulting, incomplete moulting and ripened larvae. Further acetamiprid also recorded minimum cocoon and reeling parameters followed by acephate. Fipronil and dimethoate had a reasonably good safety period of 15 days and resulted in better rearing, cocoon and reeling parameters.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF V-1 MULBERRY SAPLINGS (Morus sp.) UNDER AEROPONIC SYSTEM(2022-02-22) NISHCHITHA, G A.; Dr. Bhaskar, R N.Investigation on the growth and quality parameters of mulberry saplings (Morussp.) grown under aeroponic system and nursery condition were assessed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting. The plants grown under aeroponic system were recorded maximum for all the growth and quality parameters except leaf area, total chlorophyll content and leaf carbohydrate percentage which were found maximum under nursery conditions. However, the percent leaf moisture and moisture retention capacity after 6 hours were found on par under both systems. Among treatments, T3 (three buds per cutting) recorded maximum for all growth and quality parameters followed by T2 (two buds per cutting) and T1 (one bud per cutting). The interaction effect between propagation systems and number of buds per cutting showed significant results. S1T3 (Three budded cuttings under aeroponic system) recorded maximum for growth and quality parameters viz., number of primary roots (46.80), longest root length (26.90cm), root biomass (1.17g), number of shoots (6.63), longest shoot length (24.55cm), internodal length (4.27cm), plant height (44.39cm), number of leaves (16.91), leaf yield (10.79g/plant), leaf nutrient contents (N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S) (2.18, 0.49, 3.48, 0.45, 0.37 and 0.27%) and protein percentage (13.65%) whereas least was recorded by S2T1 (One budded cuttings under nursery) at 60 DAT. However, S2T3 recorded maximum leaf area (95.96cm2) and carbohydrate content (18.03%). There was no significant difference with respect to leaf moisture percentage and retention capacity after 6 hours and total chlorophyll content. From these results it can be concluded that, the aeroponic system could be effectively used for the production of V-1 mulberry saplings.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SELF MOUNTING SPIRAL MOUNTAGE ON SILKWORM (Bombyx mori L.) AT FARMERS’ FIELD(2022-02-22) AMRUTH KUMAR KANTI; VINODA, K S.Applicability of a new bamboo self mounting spiral mountages for handling the matured silkworms with more ease and comparatively less labor was done from 2018 in Kolar and Chikkaballapur distrcits. The current study was planned to conduct field trials of the same at the farmers' rearing house in Kolar and Chikkaballapur districts to determine the performance of a new spiral self mountage (2'x3.5') for effective cocooning in comparison to a self mounting plastic collapsible mountage (2'x3.5') and the regular bamboo mountage (Manual type). Both Cross Breed (CB) and Bivoltine Double Hybrid (Krishnaraja) silkworms were allowed to self-mount on a bamboo spiral mountage and the plastic collapsible mountage while the ripened silkworms were manually collected and distributed on the normal bamboo mountage. The cocoons harvested from spiral self mountage recorded maximum number of total cocoons (190.34, 223.13 cocoons/ mountage) and heavier cocoon weight (1.801, 2.005 g/cocoon), respectively for CB and Krishnaraja, compared to self mounting plastic collapsible mountage which rewarded least number of total cocoons (183.54, 186.57 cocoons/mountage) and lighter cocoons (1.680, 1.848 g/cocoon) in CB and Krishnaraja, respectively. The cocoon filament length (808.17 m/cocoon in CB and 1213.09 m/cocoon in Krishnaraja) and NBFL (723.20 in CB and 873.52 in Krishnaraja) reported maximum on spiral mountage reflecting its superiority. The economic parameters (cocoon and reeling parameters) of cocoons constructed on spiral mountage were comparable with that of regular bamboo mountage indicating that spiral mountages can be used for self mounting in both silkworms viz; CB and Krishnaraja for successful mounting along with significant in the reduced labour requirement.ThesisItem Open Access KNOWLEDGE AND ADOPTION LEVEL OF BIVOLTINE HYBRID SILKWORM REARING PRACTICES BY SERICULTURISTS OF SOUTH EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(2022-02-15) NARMADA, M.; AMARNATHA, N.The study was conducted during 2020-21 to analyze the knowledge and technology adoption of bivoltine hybrid silkworm rearers in Kolar and Chikkaballapur districts of Karnataka state. Thirty silkworm rearers practicing bivoltine hybrid silkworm rearing and another thirty silkworm rearers practicing multi × bivoltine hybrid silkworm rearing were randomly selected in the two districts. With regard to the recommended mulberry cultivation and improved silkworm rearing practices there was a highly significant difference in respect of mean knowledge score and adoption scores between bivoltine and multi × bivoltine hybrid silkworm rearers. It was also found from the study that, there existed a highly significant difference in respect of yield (mulberry leaf and cocoon) and income between the bivoltine and multi × bivoltine hybrid silkworm rearers. Lack of knowledge on pruning method, scarcity of irrigation water and availability of fertilizers in time were the three major mulberry production constraints faced by the bivoltine and multi × bivoltine hybrid silkworm rearers. Whereas, lack of knowledge on size of rearing hall and rearing equipment were the major silkworm rearing constraints encountered by both bivoltine and multi × bivoltine hybrid silkworm rearers. Further, it was found that the major marketing constraints faced by the respondents were lack of knowledge on cocoon grading and fluctuating market prices for cocoons. Providing minimum support price, timely and adequate supply of quality inputs and need based training programmes to the sericulturistsare the major suggestions expressed by them to increase the production and improve the quality of bivoltine silk.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF NANO NITROGEN FOLIAR SPRAY ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TREE MULBERRY AND COCOON PRODUCTION(2022-02-04) GOUTAM SHANKRAYYA, MAKALI; RAJE, GOWDAA study on “Effect of nano nitrogen foliar spray on growth and yield of tree mulberry and cocoon production” was conducted in the established V-1 tree mulberry garden at KVK, Hassan during 2020-21. On 45th days after pruning (Days after pruning), significantly higher number of shoots per tree (46.83), number of leaves per tree (658.45) and leaf area (168.05 cm) were recorded in tree mulberry raised with foliar application of nano nitrogen at 4 ml L-1 on 25th and 35th DAP+60 % N through soil application. The leaf yield (6340.52 g/tree on 60th DAP), leaf moisture (77.56 %), total chlorophyll (2.54mg/g), leaf elemental except nitrogen and biochemical compositions at 45th DAP were highest in foliar spray of nano nitrogen at 4 ml L-1 on 25th and 35th DAP+60 % N through soil application. However, significantly shorter fifth instar duration (7.29 days), higher fifth instar larval weight (54.69 g/10 larvae), ERR (97.33 %), single cocoon weight (2.58 g), single cocoon shell weight (0.58 g), cocoon shell ratio (22.55 %), filament length (1435.44m) and filament weight (0.51 g) were recorded in treatment with foliar application of nano nitrogen at 4 ml L-1 on 25th and 35th DAP+60 % N through soil application. Net returns per hectare of tree mulberry (Rs. 1,63,340 ha/crop) and B:C ratio (3.17) were more with foliar application of nano nitrogen at 4 ml L-1 on 25th and 35th DAP+60 % N through soil application and found to be cost effective as compared to other treatments.
