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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON FORMS AND METHODS OF APPLICATION OF BOTANICAL BASED BED DISINFECTANTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL FLACHERIE OF SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) ANITHARANI, K.V.; BHASKAR, R.N.The flacherie diseased silkworms contain several species of bacteria viz., Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens. and Bacillus sp. The spread of the disease can be minimized by the application of chemical bed disinfectants which are leaving residual toxicity. Therefore the use of botanical formulations not only found effective against bacterial infection but also enhances the growth of silkworm and have less residual effect. Different forms and methods of application of Adathoda vasica and Tinospora cordifolia were tried in-vitro and in-vivo for management of bacterial infection in silkworm. Among three bacterial species (Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp.) were isolated, the maximum zone of inhibition observed in cold alcoholic extract of Adathoda vasica on 24 (8.00 and 9.12 mm) and 48 (8.99 and 9.62 mm) hours of incubation and minimum of same was noticed (7.66, 8.46 and 8.25, 8.94 mm) in Aqueous form of Tinospora cordifolia against Bacillus sp. of 10-5 and 10-7 spore dilution. Further, the in-vivo effect of cold alcoholic extract of Adathoda vasica was recorded maximum larval weight (27.72 and 27.87 g/10) and ERR (94.00 and 96.13 %) with minimum larval weight reduction (3.12 and 2.87 %) and larval mortality (5.83 and 3.50 %) in 10-7 bacterial spore dilution. Whereas the economic parameters viz., cocoon weight (6.04 and 6.32 g/5), shell weight (0.980 and 1.016 g/5), shell percentage (16.24 and 16.32 %) and filament length (826.06 and 835.09 m) were found maximum in alcoholic extract of Adathoda vasica administered batch at fourth and fifth instar of PM × CSR2 followed by acetone, aqueous and dust form of application.ThesisItem Open Access INTERACTION EFFECT OF FLACHERIE BACTERIAL ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH BmCPV OF SILKWORM (Bombyx mori L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-26) CHANDANA, M.; BHASKAR, R. N.The studies on “Interaction effect of flacherie bacterial isolates associated with BmCPV of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)” revealed that, out of forty different bacterial isolates screened from the BmCPV (C) infected midgut of silkworm, fourteen isolates were molecular characterized and identified by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Klebsiella aerogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Providencia rettgeri, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus pumilus, Paenibacillus durus, Salmonella bongori, Bacillus licheniformis, Serratia marcescens, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum and Bacillus subtilis. Among the three bacterial isolates viz., Acinetobacter baumannii (A), Bacillus pumilus (Bp) and Bacillus licheniformis (Bl) were selected for in-vivo studies. Oral inoculation of above to III, IV and V instar recorded extended moulting and larval duration. In addition, maximum ET50 for symptoms expression and mortality (days) were recorded (14.24 and 23.57) in III instar batch followed by IV (10.23 & 14.12) whereas, minimum of 8.33 and 10.24 recorded in V instar (C+A). In triple inoculation viz., C+A+Bp (25.33, 76.67 and 23.33 %), C+Bp+Bl (23.33, 82.67 and 17.33 %) and C+Bl+A (26.67, 78.00 and 22.00 %) were recorded for per cent worms entering spinning, ERR and larval mortality respectively in fifth instar batch. The C+A+Bp+Bl recorded minimum cocoon weight (0.85, 0.00 & 0.90 g), shell weight (0.06, 0.00 & 0.07 g) and shell percentage (7.40, 0.00 & 7.77 %) in all the three instars whereas, maximum was recorded in C+A compared to control. It was clearly inferred that, IV instar batch found to be highly sensitive to BmCPV and bacterial infections, followed by V and III instar inoculated batches.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE RESPONSE OF THERMOTOLERANT BIVOLTINE HYBRIDS OF Bombyx mori L. TO Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. INFECTION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-30) JAYASHREE; MANJUNATH, GOWDAThe study on the response of thermotolerant bivoltine hybrids of Bombyx mori L. to Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. Infection was conducted at the Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru. Four parents viz., B1, B4, B6 and B8 and 12 hybrids viz., B1 × B4, B1 × B6, B1 × B8, B4 × B1, B4 × B6, B4 × B8, B6 × B1, B6 × B4, B6 × B8, B8 × B1, B8 × B4 and B8 × B6 were used in the experiments. The hybrid B1 × B8 showed highest LC50 value (9.04 × 104 spores/ml) for Beauveria bassiana infection and significantly highest LT50 value at all the fungal spore dilutions. Further, B8 breed and B1 × B8 hybrid performed significantly better at all fungal dilutions for six out of twelve traits studied. When inoculated with fungal spores at LC50 of B1 × B8, per-se performance was found better in B8 breed and B1 × B8 hybrid for ten out of twelve traits studied. Under high temperature treatment (36 ± 1 ºC, 6 hr every day for five days in fifth instar), per-se performance revealed that B1 and B8 breeds were better for five traits each and B1 × B4 hybrid for eight out of twelve traits. Significantly highest positive relative heterosis under muscardine inoculation was recorded in the hybrid B4 × B6 for ten characters and under high temperature treatment in B1 × B4 hybrid for five traits. However, heterosis scoring over all the traits under muscardine inoculation and high temperature treatment revealed that the hybrid B4 × B6 was better under both the conditions. Thus, B1 and B8 among parents and B1 × B8 and B4 × B6 among hybrids could be selected for dual stress tolerance against high temperature and muscardine disease.ThesisItem Open Access INCIDENCE OF THRIPS ON MULBERRY AND THEIR MANAGEMENT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-09-05) MALLINATH; RAMAKRISHNA NAIKAThrips cause quantitative and qualitative loss to mulberry throughout the year. Seven species of thrips were noticed on mulberry during the roving survey in mulberry fields at GKVK, Ramanagara and Chikkaballapura. Among them Pseudodendrothrips bhattii Kudo and Bathrips melanicornis (Shumsher) were found common in all the places. The insecticide dinotefuran 20 per cent SG @ 0.25 g/l was found most effective in reducing the thrips population, followed by clothianidin 50 per cent WDG @ 0.08 g/l and azadirachtin 1 per cent @ 2 ml/l. However, during silkworm rearing the larval parameters viz., instar duration (3.02, 4.02 and 7.01 days for 3rd, 4th and 5th instars, respectively), moulting duration (24.02 and 24.01 hours for 3rd and 4th moult, respectively), larval weight of third (0.73 g/10 larvae) and fourth (4.61 g/10 larvae) instar and grown up larval weight (19.05 g/10 larvae), mortality (2.23 %), effective rate of rearing (97.77 %) and cocoon parameters viz., cocoon weight (9.46 g/10), pupal weight (7.92 g/10), shell weight (1.62 g/10), cocoon shell ratio (17.15 %), filament length (766.50 m) and denier (2.31) were found significantly superior in batches of silkworms fed on mulberry leaves sprayed with neem oil (1.5ml/l) at 30 days after spraying. However, the insecticide clothianidin is highly toxic to silkworms even at 30 days after spray (85.56 % mortality). The neem oil @ 1.5ml/l or azadirachtin 1% @ 2 ml/l was found to be effective in controlling thrips with better rearing performance of silkworms.ThesisItem Open Access POPULATION DYNAMICS OF LEAF ROLLER, Diaphania pulverulentalis (HAMPSON) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF MULBERRY AND ITS SENSITIVITY TO INSECTICIDES WITH VARIED MODES OF ACTION AND THEIR SAFETY TO SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-23) SUNIL KUMAR, T.; RAMAKRISHNA NAIKAThe experiment was carried out in the Department of Sericulture, University of Agricultural Science, GKVK, and Bengaluru during 2016-2019. The survey on leaf roller indicated that, the incidence was peak during September 2018 (38.15 %) at Ramanagara and October 2017 (40.12 %) at Chintamani. The correlation studies revealed that, there was significantly negative influence of maximum temperature and significantly positive influence of relative humidity, rain fall and biotic factors on the abundance of leaf roller. The insecticide emamectin benzoate caused maximum pest reduction (83.00 %) after 9 days of spray under field condition, followed by chlorofenapyr (82.51 %), fipronil (82.34 %), azadirachtin (81.66 %), lambda-cyhalothrin (79.57 %), novaluron (78.46 %) and profenofos (77.37 %). The bioassay studies indicated that, lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate highly toxic even after 30 days after spray (DAS). However, the rearing parameters recorded with chlorofenapyr @ 10 DAS, azadirachtin and novaluron at 25 DAS, profenofos and fipronil at 30 DAS which were on par with dichlorvos and untreated control. The findings of present study clearly indicated that the insecticide chlorofenapyr was safe to silkworms even at 10 DAS followed by azadirachtin and novaluron at 25 days after spraying and profenofos and fipronil at 30 days after spraying.ThesisItem Open Access BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THERMOTOLERANT BIVOLTINE BREEDS DURING HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENT AND MUSCARDINE DISEASE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-08-26) SREEJITH VAKAYIL; NARAYANASWAMY, K. C.The study on biochemical changes in thermotolerant bivoltine breeds during high temperature treatment and muscardine disease was conducted at the Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore using ten thermotolerant bivoltine breeds viz., B1 to B8, APS12 and APS45. The total protein content decreased from 24h pi to 120h pi in control and in worms exposed to high temperature, whereas in muscardine inoculation, it decreased from 24h pi to 72h pi and then increased at 120h pi. The total carbohydrates decreased from 24h pi to 72h pi and then increased at 120h pi, in control. The total carbohydrates in control was higher than other two treatments, except at 72h pi where muscardine treatment and high temperature treatment had higher carbohydrate content than the corresponding control. The total lipid content showed a decreased trend from 24h pi to 72h pi and then increased at 120h pi in control. The presence of 65kDa and 95kDa protein bands in B1, 80kDa and 70kDa protein bands in B2, 78kDa protein band in B5, 75kDa band in both B8 and APS45, recorded under both B. bassiana inoculation as well as high temperature treatment indicates that these proteins might be responsible for conferring dual stress tolerance. Larval and cocoon parameters suggested that B2 and B4 performed better for productivity characters while B1, APS12 and APS45 performed well for survival parameters under both muscardine disease as well as high temperature treatment. These breeds hold promise to further exploit their potential for evolving dual/ multiple stress tolerant silkworm breeds.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EVALUATION OF PLANT PRODUCTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF LATE LARVAL FLACHERIE OF SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2018-12-21) MANJUNATH, G. C.; DORESWAMY, C.In-vitro and In-vivo studies on evaluation of acetone extract of medicinal plants for the management of late larval flacherie of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. was carried out during 2017-2018 Among the nine medicinal plants tested in In-vitro studies, Ocimum tenuiflorum recorded maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus sp., Asparagus officinalis against Staphylococcus sp. and Phyllanthus emblica against Streptococcus sp., respectively for the 10-4 and 10-6 dilutions compared to control. In In-vivo studies, flacherie inoculated silkworms (CSR2 and PM x CSR2) fed on mulberry leaves fortified with acetone extract of medicinal plant at 6 per cent concentration and its influence on larvae and economic traits were studied. Among the nine medicinal plants extracts experimented, A. officinalis administration was found significantly effective by enhancing the larval and cocoon quality parameters viz., larval duration (114.32, 161.55, 197.48 h and 82.74, 140.24, 189.10 h) III, IV and V instars respectively, mature larval weight (3.27 and 2.86 g/larva, 33.66 and 29.28 g/10 larvae), ET50 value for larval mortality (184.66 and 205.84 h), reduced larval mortality (18.00 and 12.66 %), ERR (79.33 and 86.67 %), cocoon weight (1.79 and 1.31 g/cocoon, 17.92 and 13.63 g/10 cocoon), shell weight (0.356 and 0.247 g/shell, 3.743 and 2.480 g/10 cocoon shell), pupal weight (1.40 and 1.06 g/pupa, 14.32 and 11.15 g/10 pupae), shell ratio (20.03 and 18.90 %/shell, 20.92, 18.15 %/10 cocoon shell), silk filament length (1066.33 and 752.00 m) and denier (2.61 and 2.64) in both the breeds viz., CSR2 and PM x CSR2 compared to control.ThesisItem Open Access VALUE ADDITION OF MULBERRY LEAF AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2019-08-16) RAMYA, V. S.; CHANDRASHEKHAR, S.Mulberry is a perennial woody plant belongs to family Moraceae and genus Morus. Apart from silkworm feed, leaves being used for many other purposes, hence it is called as Kalpavriksha. The present research study planned to evaluate the acceptability of food products developed using dehydrated mulberry leaf powder, to analyse nutrient content and economics of food products. The dehydration rate of mulberry leaves for fresh weight (1000 g) was 192.5 g. Value added products prepared by incorporating mulberry leaves powder at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent levels viz., Pakoda, Chutney powder, Chapathi mix, and Masala biscuit. Sensory evaluation revealed that, developed products were in range of like moderately to like extremely. Mulberry leaves chutney powder (MLCP) at 2.5 per cent, Mulberry leaves pakoda (MLP) at 5 per cent, Mulberry leaves chapathi mix (MLCM) at 5 per cent and Mulberry leaves masala biscuit (MLMB) at 7.5 per cent was best accepted. MLP had higher protein (18.57 g). MLCP had higher crude fibre (7.6 g). MLMB had higher fat (22.78 g). MLCP had higher zinc (4.8 mg). MLP had higher calcium (121.5 mg). Where manganese (3.19 mg), iron (19.66 mg) and copper (5.68 mg) higher in MLMB. where MLCM had lowest phytates (28.2 mg) and oxalates (25.67 mg) contents and lowest tannin was in pakoda (0.121 mg). The cost of production of all developed products viz., MLMB, MLP, MLCP, MLCM, did not vary much with control. Thus, mulberry leaves could be dehydrated and processed into nutrient rich value added products.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL APPLICATION OF ZINC, IRON AND MANGANESE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF MULBERRY YIELD, QUALITY AND COCOON CROP PRODUCTIVITY(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2019-08-05) CHANDRAKALA; FATIMA SADATULLA, Dr.Soil application of zinc, iron and manganese significantly enhanced mulberry yield, quality and cocoon crop productivity. Among the different treatments, T5 (350:140:140 NPK kg/ha/year + FYM 20 t/ha/year + micronutrient formulation of Zn, Fe and Mn @ 6 kg/acre) recorded significantly higher plant height (169.50 and 211.61 cm), shoot height (65.15 and 170.56 cm), number of shoots/plant (30.11 and 30.17), shorter internodal distance (5.13 and 5.14 cm), number of leaves/plant (548.67 and 567.56), leaf area (283.52 and 310.45 cm2), leaf yield (947.20 and 1040.81 g/plant) and leaf dry matter (359.05 and 552.05 g/plant) on 45th and 75th DAP in V1 mulberry. The quality parameters viz., leaf moisture (76.16 %), chlorophyll a and b (1.63 and 0.92 mg/g), crude protein (24.40 %), crude fibre (14.07 %), total carbohydrates (34.66 %), total sugars (16.10 %), leaf N (3.84 %), P (0.45 %), K (1.70 %), Ca (1.71 %), Mg (0.64 %), S (0.55 %), Zn (62.01ppm), Fe (497.17 ppm) and Mn (149.76 ppm) were also found significantly maximum in T5 on 75th DAP. Significantly higher larval weight (37.59 g/10), shorter fifth instar and total larval duration (198.32 and 510.32 h), ERR (98.83%), cocoon weight (87.57 g/50 cocoons), cocoon number/50 worms (49.42), single cocoon weight (1.78 g), single pupal weight (1.39 g), single shell weight (0.39 g), shell ratio (21.69 %), filament length (999.95 m) and NBFL (950.42 m), were significantly higher in T5 treatment with PM × CSR2. Compared to other treatments all the above-mentioned parameters found least in the control.
