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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF PHYTOPHTHORA LEAF BLIGHT AND FRUIT ROT IN SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)(2022-12-27) SANDEEP KUMAR G. M.; S. SRIRAMEpidemiology and management aspects of Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici L.), an emerging disease of sweet pepper in India were investigated. Rainfall and relative humidity were identified as the significant parameters triggering the epidemic. The pathogen had fitness in temperature range of 10-34 °C, with optimum being 22 °C-28 °C. Relative humidity above 80% was conducive for leaf blight and fruit rot development. Soil moisture above 75% water holding capacity and saturation for 24 h aggravated root rot development. The pathogen can survive for 90 days in soil. Slender amaranth, black nightshade and spurge weeds were found as alternative hosts while cereals were non-hosts. Solanaceous, cucurbitaceous and leguminous vegetables varied in susceptibility. Based on CLIMEX simulation, Western Ghats and adjoining plains in Karnataka and Kerala, Western and Eastern Himalayan regions, hills in Orissa and Andaman and Nicobar islands were found highly favourable for P. capsici establishment under current and climate change (+2 °C) scenario. Integrated management schedule was developed with interventions viz., i) Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum Th-2 + Bacillus subtilis BS-2 at 10g/kg seed ii) Application of neem cake and farmyard manure enriched with bioagents to planting bed @1kg/100 kg iii) Raised bed planting (90-100 cm wide and 15-22 cm height) with silver-black reflective mulch film (30-100 μ) iv) Irrigation regulation and soil drainage management v) Weeding and sanitation vi) Protective foliar sprays of chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L) or mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) in rotation at 15 day interval up to 40th standard meteorological week under Bengaluru conditions. Also, need based curative sprays and drenching with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L), in rotation with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) were found effective. Highest B: C ratio ofThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POMEGRANATE WILT CAUSED BY Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst.(2021-12-27) SUHAS RAJENDRA, LOKURE; SOMASEKHARA, Y M.Pomegranate is an important commercially grown fruit crop of India. The crop suffers from many diseases, among them wilt caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst. is a major threat to pomegranate production. The present investigation was undertaken to know the occurrence of the disease in southern Karnataka, in vitro evaluation of fungicide, bio-agents and botanicals. The maximum wilt incidence was observed in Yelladakere (62.06%) followed by Maralavadi (52.00%) and Veerapura (40.00%). The pathogen was identified based on molecular studies as C. fimbriata (OK597212). The pathogen grew well on potato dextrose agar, potato carrot agar and corn meal agar media. The favourable temperature of 30°C and pH 7.0 were found ideal for the growth of the pathogen. Among different fungicides, propiconazole (81.25%), propineb (92.98%) and carbendazim + mancozeb (saaf) (100%) were found most effective under in vitro condition. The highest inhibition of the pathogen was found in pongamia leaf extract (59.83%). Among the fungal and bacterial bio-agents Trichoderma viride-Tv 3 (80.55%) and Bacillus subtilis Dharwad isolate (63.33%) were showed maximum mycelial inhibition of C. fimbriata under in vitro conditions.ThesisItem Embargo DISTRIBUTION OF Alternaria species IN SUNFLOWER, THEIR HOST RANGE AND MANAGEMENT(2022-12-12) DIVYASHREE; C. P. ManjulaSunflower an important oilseed crop of India is affected by diverse species of Alternaria causing leaf blight and with significant yield loss. Isolates of Alternaria (23 nos.) from Chitradurga, Chikkaballapur, Chamarajnagar and Bengalore Urban were studied morphologically and grouped to different species, that was re-confirmed by sequence analysis of ITS, Alt 1 a, SSU, GAPDH, endoPG, OPA10-2 and species specific genes (AA, AHN1and QPHEL). It revealed the prevalence of species with distribution frequency as A. alternata (91.65 %), A. tenuissima (66.6 %) A. helianthi (55.33 %) and, A. solani, A. burnsii and A. gossypina had similar frequency (33 %). A. alternata had highest distribution frequency in Chikkaballapur, Bangalore Urban, Chamarajnagar whereas A. tenuissima and A. alternata in Chitradurga only. A. helianthi was second highest in Bangalore Urban. Host range studies revealed that, A. alternata, A. tenuissima and A. helianthi are not host specific and can infect other members of asteraceae family (African marigold, China aster, Safflower and Parthenium). While – A. burnsii, A.solani and A. gossypina infected sunflower only not other host species. In vitro assays of new fungicide molecules revealed that Fluopyram 17.7 % + Tebuconazole 17.7 % 400 SC at 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Under field lowest disease severity (7.36% PDI) and best seed yield (2153 Kg/ha) were obtained in seed treatment with Fluxapyroxad FS @ 1.5 g/kg seed followed by foliar spray with Fluopyram 17.7 % + Tebuconazole 17.7 % 400 SC @ 1 ml/L on disease appearance.ThesisItem Embargo CHARACTERIZATION OF Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. INCITING FOOT ROT AND ITS MANAGEMENT(2022-12-18) SUPRIYA, S.; RAVEENDRA, H.R.Foot rot incited by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, is a well-known soil born pathogen which is a major production constraint in finger millet under irrigated and high rainfall situations. Occurrence of foot rot incidence ranged from 3,11 to 36.04 per cent in different districts of southern Karnataka. The maximum incidence was recorded in Mandya (36.04%) and minimum was in Chamrajanagara (3.11%). Fifteen foot rot isolates were isolated and morphologically characterised on PDA medium, the mean colony diameter was ranged from 25.0 mm (SrST) to 59.3 mm (SrVcM) and number of sclerotial bodies per plate was varied from 122.41 virulent isolates as S.rolfsii. The host range studies on eight millets, showed that infection was noticed on finger millet, Among different fungicides evaluated under field condition against S.rolfsii, Propiconazole- 25 % EC (1ml/lit) soil drenching to the collar region on 20 DAT reduced disease by 56.21 and 86.87 per cent at tillering and maturity and maturity stage respectively and is the most effective fungicide for management of foot rot in finger millet.ThesisItem Embargo CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL CELL DEATH EFFECTORS OF Rhizoctonia solani KUHN. AND THEIR TARGET HOST GENES INVOLVED IN INDUCING DEFENSE RESPONSE IN RICE(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2022-12-27) KAVYA, N.; PRASANNA KUMAR, M. K.Rice sheath blight caused by necrotrophic fungi Rhizoctonia solani is an economically significant disease posing major constraints in rice production, worldwide. In addition to the lack of resistant rice cultivars, knowledge regarding the infection strategy of the pathogen is fragmented. In this study, we used in silico approach to analyze the complete genome of R. solani isolate RS24 to find and describe novel cell death effectors. We found eight new effector proteins, RS107_1 to RS107_8, of which the protein metacaspase (RS107_6) was characterized. According to the results of the localization investigations, they are exclusively secreted in host cytoplasm. These proteins’ function, reactivity and stability were evaluated through domain prediction, physiochemical characterization and secondary structure prediction using bioinformatics tools. The 3D structures were predicted and verified. Effector proteins interact with rice genes implicated in early defense mechanism events with highest affinity, according to molecular docking studies. Interestingly, RS107_6 interacted with serine/threonine protein kinases involved in signal relay mechanism upon pathogen attack, which was further validated by MD simulation analysis. Gene cloning, expression, purification and characterization of RS107_6 protein of 906 bp which encodes a polypeptide of 301 amino acids with a molecular weight of 33.12 kDa was also carried out. The presence of endosymbiotic bacteria was investigated and reported two bacteria related to members of the genus Brevundimonas and Sphingomonas. Fluorescence microscopy, DNA analysis and metagenome studies supported the bacteria’s intracellular localization. Conclusively, this discovery will open up avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of R. solani pathogenesisThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler INCITING DRY ROOT ROT DISEASE IN PIGEONPEA(2022-12-29) MEDIKURTHI SAILAJA; H. K. RAMAPPAPigeonpea is the second most important pulse crop in India. The crop suffers from many diseases, of which dry root rot is gaining importance in recent years due to changes in climatic conditions. Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler was isolated using standard tissue isolation protocol from the infected tissues and pathogenicity was proved by blotter paper technique and sick pot method. The survey was undertaken in the Doddaballapura taluk of Bangalore district and disease incidence was recorded in the range of 0 to 25 per cent. Cultural studies revealed that ’ (PDA) and ’ pathogen was observed at pH 6.0 and 7.0. The PCR amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and specific regions confirmed R. bataticola as the cause of dry root rot disease. Among bioagents, Trichoderma viride (TV), T. viride (TV 2) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-O) were more effective in inhibiting the growth of R. bataticola. Contact fungicides captan, mancozeb and zineb; systemic fungicides, tebuconazole followed by propiconazole; and combiproducts, Mancozeb 63% + Carbendazim 12%, Iprovalicarb 5.5% + Propineb 61.5%, Tricyclazole 18% + Mancozeb 62% and Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin 75% were found to be effective against R. bataticola. Among sixty-seven pigeonpea genotypes, none of the entries showed a resistant reaction, whereas two genotypes viz., BRG 5×ICP 7035-1-3 and BGR5×TS3-R-10-1 showed a moderately resistant reaction and the remaining 65 genotypes showed a susceptible reaction.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS ON FRENCH BEAN(2022-12-29) HANUMANTH KORAVAR; H. A. PrameelaFrench bean is оne of the majоr important vegetable pulse, leguminous crops grown throughout the world. Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) infected french bean samples strongly reacted with BCMV specific antisera in DAS ELISA. An approximately 750 bp PCR product corresponding to coat protein (CP) region of virus was obtained through RT-PCR. Virus was 90- 100 per cent mechanically transmissible to french bean cultivar Moraleda with characteristic symptoms like vein clearing, uneven leaf lamina, twisting of newly emerged trifoliate leaves, puckering, blistering, mosaic patches on leaves and stunted growth of the plants. Myzus persicae found more efficient (73.33 %) in transmission of virus as compared to Aphis craccivora (53.33 %) while seed transmission ranged from 22.22 to 34.00 per cent. The aphid, M. persicae and A. craccivora transmitted BCMV with transmission range of 70.00 and 50.00 per cent when given pre-acquisition starvation period, AFP, IFP and RP period of 60 min, 20 min, 20 min and 20 min respectively. However, maximum per cent transmission of 70 per cent (M. persicae) and 50 percent (A. craccivora) was recorded when 15 aphids were used. The BCMV produced systemic symptoms in different leguminous plant species like, french bean, pea, green gram, horse gram, field bean, black gram, soybean, cowpea, pole bean, moth bean and brinjal whereas Chenapodium amaranticolor and Nicotiana rustica showed necrotic local lesions. The plants belonging to Cucurbitaceae were not infected with BCMV. The presence of BCMV from different host plants was confirmed by DAS-ELISA using BCMV specific antisera.ThesisItem Embargo HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION STUDIES OF Rhizoctonia solani KUHN. CAUSING SHEATH BLIGHT IN RICE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-23) MANSI, MISHRA; CHETHANA, B SRice is the staple food crop for more than half of the world's population with 90 percent production and consumption from Asia. Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most economically significant rice diseases worldwide with no cultivated resistant variety reported till date. Out of 512 landraces/ genotypes screened, twenty-nine were identified as resistant against sheath blight during Kharif 2021. Association studies of morphological traits with sheath blight resistance revealed traits i.e. plant height, flag leaf length, stem thickness, stem breaking resistance, leaves and sheath thickness were positively linked while tiller number was a negative character. The resistant genotype (Tetep) had recorded latent period of five days with 17.41 per cent relative lesion height whereas susceptible genotype (Jyoti) had three days with 68.30 per cent relative lesion height. In detached leaf assay maximum mean sclerotia production of 4.33 was recorded after ten days in Jyoti while it was minimum of 0.33 in Tetep. Scanning electron micrographs showed varied hyphal growth of R. solani on the surface of Tetep and Jyoti genotypes. A vigorous growth and more number of infection structures observed on the surface of Jyoti while sparser growth with lesser number on Tetep. An abundant cuticular wax deposition was observed in Tetep which act as barrier to pathogen’s establishment. Biochemical profiling revealed a higher induction of defense related enzymes viz., polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chitinase in resistant genotypes (Tetep, Zenith and KMP220) than the susceptible genotypes (Jyoti, Swarna).ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON EARLY BLIGHT OF TOMATO CAUSED BY Alternaria solani (ELLIS AND MARTIN) JONES AND GROUT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-20) AKSHATHA, M; MAHESH, MEarly blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani is an important disease causing considerable yield loss. The leaves showing typical target board spot with yellow hallow were used to isolate the pathogen by using standard tissue isolation method. A. solani produced muriform conidia that were born singly and had a long beak and Koch’s postulate was proved. The pathogen was further confirmed as A. solani by molecular characterization using ITS primers. The highest colony growth of 82.10 mm was found on V8 juice agar medium and the colony colour varied from light brown to dark brown with completely serrated to smooth margin. The temperature (25oC) and pH (7.00) were found best for growth of the pathogen. Three different solanaceous vegetables viz., potato, brinjal and chilli were found to be collateral host for the early blight of tomato. Among different fungicides, bioagents and botanicals tested under laboratory conditions, two contact fungicides viz., captan and copper oxy chloride, two systemic fungicides viz., propiconazole and tebuconazole, two combi fungicides, viz., azoxystrobin + tebuconazole and zineb + hexaconazole were found best. Among fungal and bacterial bioagents, T. viride (Tv-B2) and B. subtilis (Bs-O) and among botanicals, touch me not plant and neem leaf extract were found effective against the pathogen. Under field conditions, two foliar sprays of azoxystrobin + tebuconazole @ 0.1% at 15 days interval was found effective with least mean disease severity (16.78 %) and highest yield (37.23 t/ha) and BC ratio (2.49).
