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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access SCREENING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE BEAN (Vigna umbellata L.) ACCESSIONS FOR BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS(2022-04-11) PREETHI B. M.; Dr. B.T. KRISHNAPRASADThe survey conducted during 2019-20 in six districts of Southern Karnataka to assess the incidence of mosaic disease of cowpea, revealed the occurrence of disease in the range of 18.66 to 50 percent. Highest disease incidence was recorded in Bengaluru urban (50percent) and least disease incidence in Chikkabalapura district (18.66 percent). Infected cowpea was used as a source of Bean Common Mosaic Virus. The virus was infected to rice bean accessions through mechanical sap transmission. Presence of virus in the infected plant was confirmed by RT-PCR technique using primers specific for coat protein gene. Based on the extent of severity of symptoms, it was found that, 39 accessions were immune, EC-37 showed resistance reaction, EC-48, EC-34, IC-3 showed moderately resistance reaction, EC - 27, KBR 1 showed susceptible reaction. No accessions were highly susceptible. Rice bean accessions differing in the level of resistance were used further for biochemical studies. The total chlorophyll content, total sugars, phenolics were less in susceptible accessions. Total protein content was more in susceptible. Activity of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase and Super oxide dismutase were high in infected plants and varied among the infected rice bean accessions.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF COAT PROTEIN MEDIATED GENE CONSTRUCT TO OBTAIN RESISTANCE AGAINST Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (G: BEGOMOVIRUS, F: GEMINIVIRIDAE) IN RIDGE GOURD [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-30) U. M., ANKITH,; NAGESHA, N.Ridge gourd is one of the important vegetable crops of cucurbit species. The recent emergence of Ridge gourd yellow mosaic disease (RgYMD) caused by ToLCNDV is becoming the major constraints in ridge gourd production. In present investigation, the preliminary work has been carried out in the process of development of transgenic ridge gourd to confer resistance against ToLCNDV using coat protein mediated resistance (CPMR) strategy. The survey was conducted in southern parts of Karnataka to assess the economic importance of ToLCNDV infection. The results of survey revealed the ToLCNDV is predominant in all surveyed areas and all varieties were found susceptible to virus. The total DNA from infected leaves of ridge gourd and coat protein gene was amplified using gene specific primers. The purified CP gene was successfully cloned topTZ57R/T vector. Further, CP gene was moved into plant expression vector pBI121 with the help of the pET32a vector. Subsequently, the vector pBI121 having CP gene construct was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. For bacterial expression studies, the CP gene was cloned into pET28a and expressed in E. coli BL21 cells. The presence of distinct protein band of size ~34 kDa in the recombinant cells confirms the over-expression of protein. The efforts were made to standardize the growth media for in vitro regeneration of ridge guard. The best organogenic callus was obtained in 2.5 mg/L of 2, 4- D + 0.5 mg/L of BAP. These research findings will be helpful for thedevelopment of transgenic ridge gourd.ThesisItem Open Access TRANSFORMATION OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.) WITH PAPAYA RING SPOT VIRUS (PRSV) COAT PROTEIN (CP) GENE AND SEROLOGICAL ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF PRSV(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-27) SAHANA, D S; ANITHA PETERCucumis sativus L. (cucumber) an important crop of the cucurbitaceae family is a water-rich vegetable mainly consumed fresh or in preserved form. Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) is a major obstacle to large-scale cucumber production in India. Early disease detection and conferring resistance in crop plants against viral disease are two important measures that aid in disease anagement. In this context, the present study was aimed to develop transgenic C. sativus L. resistant to PRSV using the CP gene via pathogen-derived resistance approach, bioinformatics analysis of CP gene and standardization of serological assays for detection of PRSV. The study began with the isolation of the CP gene from the RNA of infected leaf, which was then cloned, sequenced and transferred to Cucumis sativus L. via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using binary vector pBI121.The presence of transgene in the putative transgenic plants (T0) was confirmed by histochemical GUS assay and molecular PCR analysis. The sequence of CP gene isolated in this study was then compared with other Indian isolates which showed 94-95 per cent similarity at the nucleotide level followed by the phylogenetic tree construction which showed that PRSV isolate from Bangalore is closely related to Delhi isolate compared to isolates from Haryana, Pune and West Bengal. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technique was developed and valid results were generated with field collected PRSV infected leaf samples at dilutions ranging from 1:10 to 1:800 and these results were comparable in terms of sensitivity to the gold standard method ELISA performed in this study.ThesisItem Open Access TRANSFORMATION OF TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.) WITH NIa GENE OF PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS (PRSV) AND BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF NIa PROTEIN(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-21) MUTHI UR RAHMAN; MUTHI UR RAHMAN; ANITHA PETER; ANITHA PETERPapaya (Carica papaya L.) is an important tropical and subtropical fruit crop,belonging to family Caricaceae. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a wide spread andeconomically important destructive virus that affects papaya worldwide and causes heavylosses. The virus genome encodes a single large polypeptide which is subsequently cleaved into smaller functional proteins like nuclear inclusion A (NIa) protein, NIb protein, helper component protein and coat protein. The current study wasundertaken to develop PRSVresistant transgenic tobacco via pathogen derived resistance approach using the NIa gene, as well as to predict the structure of the NIa protein. The present research commenced with the extraction of RNA followed by isolation of the viral NIa gene and then cloning intopTZ57R/T vector and after confirmation, plasmid DNA was sequenced and transformed into N. tabacum using binary vector pBI121. The transfer of transgene in the putative transgenic plants (T0) was confirmed by marker specific and gene specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis of NIa gene sequence of present study suggested that there was considerable mixing and movement of isolates within and among all the geographical regions. The NIa protein structure model was predicted using Homology modeling via SWISS MODEL server and validated by generating a Ramachandran plot. The generated model could be further utilized for understanding the functional aspects of the NIa protein and its relevance in the infection process and also methods to combat the PRSV incidence.ThesisItem Open Access UNDERSTANDING THE RELATEDNESS AMONG DIFFERENT ELEUSINE SPECIES USING SSR MARKERS DEVELOPED FROM Eleusine indica AND Eleusine coracana GENOME SEQUENCES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-19) G. M, VARSHA; RAVIKUMAR, R. L.In the present investigation, an attempt was made to understand the morphological and molecular relationship between 12 genotypes belonging to seven Eleusine species. Studies on 14 qualitative and 10 quantitative traits revealed greater diversity among wild species compared to cultivated Eleusine species. The principal component analysis revealed that the plant height, number of fingers on main ear, finger length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, days to 50% flowering are the important traits that contribute most to the variation. The transfer potential of SSR markers showed 100% transferability rate in all the species under study except for E. multiflora and E. jaegeri. The lowest transferability was observed for E. multiflora i.e., 88% for E. indica SSRs, 92% for E. coracana SSRs and 86.7% for EST SSRs. Out of 85 SSR markers studied, 61 markers (72%) exhibited polymorphism. The number of alleles produced per primer varied from 1 to 5, major allele frequency ranged from 0.33 to 1, gene diversity ranged from 0 to 0.77, polymorphic information content ranged from 0 to 0.68. Dendrogram based on UGPMA clustering using morphological and molecular data grouped the genotypes into two major clusters. Cluster I was a solitary cluster with GE7143 (Eleusine multiflora) genotype and other was with remaining wild and cultivated genotypes. The results indicated that E. multiflora was found distinct from other species while, E. indica and E. coracana subsp africana were found very close to E. coracana both morphologically and genetically which need to be exploited in interspecific hybridization.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR AND PHYSICO CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) VARIETIES AND ACCESSIONS FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND PROCESSING TRAITS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-12) RAM PRASAD, A. S.; Shyamalamma, STomato is a popular vegetable grown worldwide for consumption either as fresh or processed form. It is rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Twenty tomato varieties and accessions were studied for growth, yield and processing traits. Among them thirteen exhibited indeterminate growth habit and seven were determinate types. Higher plant height (150.66 cm) and TSS content (4.42° Brix) were recorded in EC620456. The more number of primary branches (5.05), higher titratable acidity (0.60 %), vitamin C content (45.60 mg/100g FW), lycopene content (15.79 mg/100g FW) and less number of locules (2) were recorded in AS 07. Higher individual fruit weight (119.29 gm), maximum fruit length (10.69 cm) and diameter (6.89 cm) were observed in EC614997. Higher pulp to seed ratio (13.48) was recorded in Saahoo. Pericarp thickness (7.43 mm) and fruit firmness (6.21 Lb/kg) were maximum in Arka Vishesh and Jewel Esha. Total fruit weight per plant (5.88 kg) and yield per plot (35.65 kg) were higher in Sweakar 448. The biochemical parameters such as total phenols (58.67 mg/100g FW) and total carotenoids (17.84 mg/100g FW) were higher in Arka Apeksha and Roma VF respectively. GCV, PCV and heritability values were high for total fruit weight per plant (28.81, 29.27 and 96.90 %) and vitamin C content (31.43, 35.81 and 77.02 %). Higher PIC values were shown by lycopene specific primers HP 1 (0.27) and LEaat003 (0.22). The above mentioned genotypes can be utilized in crop improvement for higher yield and processing suitability.ThesisItem Open Access BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF RICE BEAN VARIETIES FOR TRYPTOPHAN, METHIONINE AND ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE, 2022-06-22) SATISH, M.; Krishnaprasad, B. T.Pulses are the major source of protein and are supplemented along with cereals for protein in the diet. Though pulses are rich in protein they lack sulfur containing amino acids like methionine and tryptophan. Rice bean, a potential leguminous pulse crop contains high quantity of tryptophan and methionine. But it also harbours antinutritional factors such as saponins and polyphenols. In this study protein, tryptophan, methionine and antinutritional factors were quantified in some of the cultivars of rice bean and compared with the green gram variety KKM3. In addition, the key regulatory enzyme involved in the methionine synthesis activity was also analysed at different seed developmental stages. The total crude protein in rice bean genotypes was ranging from 21 to 23 per cent. The essential amino acid content was higher than nonessential amino acids in rice bean seeds. The methionine content in most of the rice bean varieties was found to be more than in green gram. Activity of aspartate kinase was maximum during the mid stage of seed development. Specific activity of aspartate kinase was higher in rice bean than green gram. Antinutritional Factors such as polyphenols, phytic acid, saponins and trypsin inhibitors were found to be lower than in the green gram variety KKM3. Polyphenols in rice bean were found within permissible limits. Considering protein content, methionine content and antinutritional factors, KBR1 and RBL50 were found to be best suited for consumption among the rice bean varieties tested in this study.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE RESPONSE AND DNA OXIDATION IN DIFFERENT PADDY GENOTYPES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE, 2022-06-20) SHILPA, C.; BENHERLAL, P.S.Frequent extreme high temperature events are one of the consequences of climate change and hence, heat stress has become a major abiotic stress to crop plants. Heat stress tolerance and yield are quantitative traits. Many component traits, including the traits that are closely related to the quantitative trait and other apparently unrelated traits, are involved in the integrated traits. Therefore, basal thermotolerance by vegetative growth, antioxidant defense response (related trait) and ability to protect DNA from oxidative damage (apparently unrelated trait) etc. were studied in eight paddy genotypes. Eight paddy genotypes were assessed for basal thermotolerance and found genotypes GR_214 and GR_531 as highly tolerant. In the assessment of antioxidant defense response, highest superoxide radical scavenging potential in GR_470, GR_531 and GR_823; and highest hydrogen peroxide depletion potential in GR_601 and GR_823 were observed. To understand the effect of heat stress induced oxidative DNA damage, the marker 8-oxoG was quantified using GCMS. Higher level of 8-oxoG was found in GR_456, GR_660 and GR_285 that were grown at 48°C, 46.5°C and 46.5°C respectively. On analysis of the basal thermotolerance, antioxidant defense response and 8-oxoG levels, it was found that these traits are independently existing and regulated among eight paddy genotypes studied. Therefore, while exploring for developing heat tolerant crop genotypes, screening genetic resources only based on growth and yield is not sufficient to fulfill the future crop improvement. Hence, exploration, annotation and marking of component traits associated/ apparently associated with targeted integrated trait may help in more efficient crop improvement.ThesisItem Embargo MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR SCREENING OF LOCAL CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.) GENOTYPES FOR FRUIT FLESH THICKNESS BASED ON CANDIDATE GENE MARKERS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-20) BINDU; SHYAMALAMMA, SCucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the commercially important and widely cultivated cucurbitaceous vegetable grown throughout the world. The immature fruits are consumed as salad or pickled. The present study involved 22 local cucumber genotypes collected from different places of Karnataka. The important traits such as fruit weight, length, diameter, fruit flesh thickness, seed cavity length and width were assessed. Cucumber flesh thickness is an important trait for cucumber fruit quality and a central determinant of yield. Among the evaluated genotypes, the fruit flesh thickness (1.92 cm), fruit diameter (6.87 cm) and yield per plant (3.05 kg) were higher in genotype (CSSL) collected from Shiralakoppa (Shivamogga) region. The higher fruit length (31.48 cm) and lower fruit flesh thickness (0.84 cm) was recorded in genotype (VLD) collected from Dharwad. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the traits. Higher GCV, PCV and high heritability coupled with high GAM were recorded for fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit flesh thickness, seed cavity width and yield per plant. The fruit flesh thickness in 22 local cucumber genotypes was analysed using candidate gene (Csa2M058670.1) markers. Among 13 SSR primers, SSR23420 and SSR10849 have shown higher PIC (0.37) and higher gene diversity (0.50). The cucumber genotypes such as CSSL, CSWL, CSHLC-1 and CSHL were found to be promising for fruit quality traitssuch as fruit length, diameter, flesh thickness and yield.
