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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru

University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.

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2019 - 201922020 - 20234
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Subject: Plant Biochemistry × Start date: 2019 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    ThesisItemEmbargo
    STUDY ON ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOIL MICROBIAL METABOLITES AGAINST Fusarium solani AND Sclerotium rolfsii
    (2023-01-17) ARUNA, P. M.; MOHAN CHAVAN
    Research to develop biological control agents against the plant pathogens to replace the synthetic agrochemicals gained the considerable attention. The present study was conducted to assess the potential antagonistic bacteria against fungal pathogens from three different regions of Karnataka viz. Yana caves, Dandeli and GKVK campus Bengaluru. Sixty isolates were screened against Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii, among them one showed antagonism against Sclerotium rolfsii and three were showing antagonism against Fusarium solani. Further, morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization revealed that Bacillus subtilis strain OTG009 showed inhibition (55.55 %) against Sclerotium rolfsii, similarly Bacillus subtilis strain JC43, Bacillus subtilis strain P and Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 50071 showed inhibition (45.55 %, 43.33 %, 63.33 % respectively) against Fusarium solani. The isolates found that were able to produce siderophores(chelating agents).However, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa able to produce HCN which helps in defense against plant pathogens. This established the basis for further investigation. Spectrophotometer analysis showed that the extract showed maximum absorption from 200 nm to 400 nm indicated the present of active compounds. The qualitative analysis of compounds present in the ethyl acetate extract using GCMS revealed the presence of antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial compounds. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was effectively inhibiting the pathogen growth in vitro. These beneficial soil microbes can be used for the control of plant fungal diseases caused by Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.
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    ThesisItemEmbargo
    BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF COMPOST TEA IN ORGANIC CULTIVATION OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.); DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FROM COMPOST TEA
    (2022-12-29) SWATI; VEENA. S. ANIL
    Excessive application of inorganic fertilizers and agrochemicals is creating environmental pollution and contributing to climate change. To mitigate these negative effects, eco-friendly alternatives are needed and compost tea is one of them. The present study demonstrates that under organic cultivation of groundnut variety TMV2, seed treatment (ST) with non- aerated compost tea (NCT) followed by foliar sprays showed highest plant height (26.92 cm), fresh weight (72.2 g), significantly higher POX (127.85 μg/min/mg protein) and SOD (24.76 μg protein for 50% inhibition) activities and significantly higher yields over control. The study also isolates PGPRs from compost tea and characterizes earlier isolated nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizers. The most prominent 6 bacterial isolates capable of producing high levels of phytohormones IAA, GA, cytokinins were identified by sequencing. Liquid microbial consortia were prepared using shortlisted 6 isolates in different combinations and further evaluated for their beneficial effects on groundnut plants under greenhouse conditions. Among the treatments consortia NPF (combination of all six isolates) significantly enhanced biomass, POX, SOD activities, phenolic and flavonoid levels, and yield compared to positive controls-NCT and ACT. GC-MS analysis of the metabolomic profile showed several unique benificial metabolites secreted by bacterial isolates and groundnut leaves treated with consortia, having putative roles in plant growth promotion and as antimicrobials and antioxidants. Thus, compost tea is a simple, stable, eco-friendly and cost-effective technique that farmers can include in organic agronomical practices. Compost tea and consortia developed in this study will benefit the farmers by providing an alternative method for groundnut production.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF PHYTOSYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN ENHANCING YIELD AND IN THE CONTROL OF LATE LEAF SPOT DISEASE IN GROUNDNUT: BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES IN PLANT CELLS
    (2020-12-21) NANDINI, G A; Dr. VEENA, S. ANIL
    Nano science research is moving forward in a fast pace as nanoparticles have special features that can be exploited in the field of Agriculture. Earlier in our lab, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been phytosynthesized using sandalwood leaf extract and characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD analysis and one season, field testing of phytosynthesized AgNP on groundnut crop. In this study, the applicability of the phytosynthesized AgNPs was reaffirmed on groundnut crop in field experiment and pot experiment was taken up with variety GKVK-13 in Kharif of 2019 at GKVK, Bangalore. The study reveals that AgNP treatments significantly enhanced plant biomass andgroundnut yield in both field and pot experiments. The AgNP treatments resulted in significant suppression of late leaf spot disease severity in groundnut. The study demonstrates AgNP induced defense priming-like response with elevation of defense enzymes SOD, POX, secondary metabolites such as phenolics and flavonoids in groundnut. AgNP treatments resulted in significant increase in yield parameters in field and pot experiments. Field experiment revealed AgNP foliar spray of 100ppm+RF showed higher pod yield of 33.61 per cent and pot experiment of 22.5 per cent in AgNP Foliar spray+RF+ST compared to the fungicide control. In vitro exposure of plant cells to AgNPs showed enhanced callus proliferation. The study observed that seed treatment with AgNP, significantly enhances growth parameters in germinated seedlings. The study thus demonstrates that phytosynthesized AgNP has the potential of being used as a growth promoter, improves germination performance, and for management ofphytopathogens in groundnut crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPOST TEA APPLICATION UNDER ORGANIC AND INTEGRATED METHODS FOR FINGER MILLET (ELEUSINE CORACANA L.) AND MARIGOLD (TAGETES ERECTA L.) CROPS: BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROWTH PROMOTION, YIELD ENHANCEMENT AND DEFENSE RESPONSE
    (2020-12-21) RADHA HULAGAPPA KATTIMANI; VEENA, S. ANIL
    The excessive use of agrochemicals in crop production leads to environmental pollution and health hazards, and thus newer alternate organic or integrated approaches are the need of the hour. Compost tea is one such alternate approach that can be introduced into organic cultivation or in an integrated cultivation practice to obtain higher yield from farming without harming the environment. Aerated (ACT) and non-aerated (NCT) fermentation are the two dominant approaches in preparation of compost tea. In this study finger millet varieties GPU48 and Uduramallige and marigold variety Arka Agni were used to evaluate the efficacy of compost tea in enhancing yield under field conditions. In finger millet compost tea treatments enhances biomass and yield (38%). Similarly, in marigold, compost tea in an integrated strategy resulted in higher flower yield (29%) as compared to recommended fungicide and control. Compost tea promotes induced systemic resistance in finger millet and marigold with enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and levels of phenols and flavonoids. In marigold crop field studies showed more beneficial results with NCT, while in case of finger millet, both ACT and NCT were on par with each other. Compost tea was observed to enhance callus proliferation in vitro in both finger millet and marigold. The study also recorded significant enhancement in growth of marigold stem cuttings and germination of finger millet seeds when exposed to compost tea. The study thus shows that compost tea based strategy is an effective biocontrol, growth promoter in finger millet and marigold crops.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    VARIABILITY OF PROTEIN, ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS AND HARDNESS IN RICE BEAN SEEDS (Vigna umbellata)
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-09-30) MANISH CHANDAN, S.; Krishnaprasad, B. T.
    Rice bean is one of the underutilized leguminous crops. It has good nutritive quality as it contains appreciable levels of carbohydrates, fatty acids and essential amino acids like tryptophan and methionine. Despite their nutritional potential, the usage of pulses in routine cuisine is limited due to the presence of antinutritional factors and seed hardness. In the present study, 49 accessions of rice bean were evaluated for seed hardness and other physical parameters in comparison with other Vigna species. Total crude protein and antinutritional factors were quantified in released varieties of rice bean and other Vigna species. Seed hardness of rice bean accessions after soaking and boiling ranged from 12.55 N to 16.65 N and 2.52 N to 4.94 N, respectively. The hardness of boiled seed of rice variety KBR-1 was lower than cowpea but higher than black gram and green gram. Physical parameters such as swelling capacity and water uptake were not correlated to seed hardness among the accessions examined in this study. Compared to other Vigna species rice bean had least protein content. The highest protein content of 19.02 percent was observed in KBR-22. Antinutritional factors among the released varieties of rice bean were also examined. KBR-22 recorded lowest quantity of phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor and saponin. KBR-22 had less trypsin and saponin content than cowpea and green gram but phytic acid content was higher than in other Vigna species. Information obtained in this study could be made use of in popularizing the use of rice bean in routine diets.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) F4 MAPPING POPULATION FOR HIGH LYCOPENE CONTENT
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-08-27) PRIYANKA, B.; SHYAMALAMMA, S.
    Tomato F4 mapping populations (140) exhibited wide variations for growth, yield and biochemical traits. Higher plant height (141.8 cm) and fruit yield per plant (1182.6g) were recorded in progeny 52. Higher primary branches per plant in progeny 3 (6.78), maximum fruit length (7.17 cm) in progeny 83, maximum fruit width (6.22 cm) in progeny 15 and maximum pericarp thickness (8.5 mm) was recorded in progeny 17. The progeny 49 recorded higher fruit width (5.64 cm), higher number of fruits per plant (21) and individual fruit weight (73.57 g) compared to average mean values. The biochemical parameters such as lycopene content was higher in progeny 68.5 (27.18 mg/100g FW), total carotenoid content was higher in progeny 45.3 (31.2 mg/100g FW), total phenol content was more in progeny 101.4 (63.5 mg GAE/100g FW) and TSS content was higher in progeny 35.4 (5.9 °Brix). Genetic variability studies revealed, higher GCV and PCV values for individual fruit weight (38.4 and 36.3), fruit yield per plant (28.1 and 28.3), lycopene content (37.60 and 37.26) and total carotenoid content (32.11 and 30.21), respectively. The heritability estimates were high for all the biochemical parameters studied. Since the present study was carried out in fourth generation, the population needs to be forwarded up to seventh generation to stabilize the growth and fruit quality traits for further selections
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical stuides on the development of aril browning inpomegranate
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 40729) Hemlata Singh; Shivashankar, S
    Aril browning (AB) in pomegranate is a physiological disorder free of external symptoms. Browning of aril starts with a dark dot on the aril and spreads further to the entire aril. The incidence is at first observed at 50% fruit maturity near the calyx end just under the skin. Present studies showed that AB incidence was higher in panicles with increasing number of fruits and in fruits located on the lateral shoots as compared to those on main shoots. Fruits exposed to sun showed lesser incidence. AB incidence also increased with fruit maturity. Biochemical studies revealed that sugars, TSS, starch and pH were higher in AB affected aril as compared to healthy arils whereas anthocyanin, polyphenols, titrable acidity, protein and ascorbic acid were less in AB affected aril. Enzyme activities like amylase, total dehydrogenase activity in seed were reduced in seed of AB affected aril compared to healthy whereas enzyme activity like polyphenol oxidase was more in seed of AB affected aril as compared to seed of healthy aril. Healthy arils showed higher moisture content and the seed higher percentage and faster rate of germination as compared to seed of AB affected aril, revealing that seed of AB affected aril had lost moisture leading to reduction in seed viability. Field experiments with growth regulators showed that GA3 treatment reduced incidence of AB and PBZ treatment increased the incidence of browning as compared to control. These findings indicated that the development of AB in pomegranate is a result of combination of many factors like interfruit competition, biochemical and physiological changes in aril during fruit growth.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ANTIVIRAL PROTEIN FROM THE SILKWORM Bombyx mori L.
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41113) ASHISH, MARATHE; ANITHA, PETER
    Sericulture is an important agrobased industry. India stands second next to China among the silk producing countries of the world. Silkworm is susceptible to fungal, bacterial, viral and protozoan diseases. The Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is the most harmful virus in the sericulture industry. The Antiviral Red Fluorescent Protein from the silkworm was purified from the digestive juice and the excreta of the silkworm. The red fluorescent protein (RFP) was isolated and purified by ammonium sulfate saturation, organic solvent precipitation and gel filtration chromatography on sephadex G-100 column. The fractions that fluoresce red in U.V were used for further analysis. The protein from the digestive juice and excreta were subjected to Native and Denaturating PAGE. The electrophoregram of the purified protein from the digestive in native PAGE has shown two bands and the SDS – PAGE pattern for the RFP from the gut fluid revealed the presence of four different bands. The electrophoregram of the purified protein form the feacal matter in native PAGE showed a single band which coincided with the first band in the protein from the gut juice. The SDS-PAGE pattern revealed two bands of which one was found to be around 28 kDa and the other band was smaller than 14.4 kDa. Dot Blot was carried out to detect the specificity between the antigen and the antibody. ELISA was also done to fix the titre of the antigen and antibody. The titre obtained was 1:25 of antigen and 1:2000 of primary and secondary antibody dilutions.