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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru

University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.

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2020 - 20235
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Subject: Plant Biochemistry × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemEmbargo
    STUDY ON ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOIL MICROBIAL METABOLITES AGAINST Fusarium solani AND Sclerotium rolfsii
    (2023-01-17) ARUNA, P. M.; MOHAN CHAVAN
    Research to develop biological control agents against the plant pathogens to replace the synthetic agrochemicals gained the considerable attention. The present study was conducted to assess the potential antagonistic bacteria against fungal pathogens from three different regions of Karnataka viz. Yana caves, Dandeli and GKVK campus Bengaluru. Sixty isolates were screened against Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii, among them one showed antagonism against Sclerotium rolfsii and three were showing antagonism against Fusarium solani. Further, morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization revealed that Bacillus subtilis strain OTG009 showed inhibition (55.55 %) against Sclerotium rolfsii, similarly Bacillus subtilis strain JC43, Bacillus subtilis strain P and Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 50071 showed inhibition (45.55 %, 43.33 %, 63.33 % respectively) against Fusarium solani. The isolates found that were able to produce siderophores(chelating agents).However, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa able to produce HCN which helps in defense against plant pathogens. This established the basis for further investigation. Spectrophotometer analysis showed that the extract showed maximum absorption from 200 nm to 400 nm indicated the present of active compounds. The qualitative analysis of compounds present in the ethyl acetate extract using GCMS revealed the presence of antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial compounds. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was effectively inhibiting the pathogen growth in vitro. These beneficial soil microbes can be used for the control of plant fungal diseases caused by Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.
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    BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF COMPOST TEA IN ORGANIC CULTIVATION OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.); DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FROM COMPOST TEA
    (2022-12-29) SWATI; VEENA. S. ANIL
    Excessive application of inorganic fertilizers and agrochemicals is creating environmental pollution and contributing to climate change. To mitigate these negative effects, eco-friendly alternatives are needed and compost tea is one of them. The present study demonstrates that under organic cultivation of groundnut variety TMV2, seed treatment (ST) with non- aerated compost tea (NCT) followed by foliar sprays showed highest plant height (26.92 cm), fresh weight (72.2 g), significantly higher POX (127.85 μg/min/mg protein) and SOD (24.76 μg protein for 50% inhibition) activities and significantly higher yields over control. The study also isolates PGPRs from compost tea and characterizes earlier isolated nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizers. The most prominent 6 bacterial isolates capable of producing high levels of phytohormones IAA, GA, cytokinins were identified by sequencing. Liquid microbial consortia were prepared using shortlisted 6 isolates in different combinations and further evaluated for their beneficial effects on groundnut plants under greenhouse conditions. Among the treatments consortia NPF (combination of all six isolates) significantly enhanced biomass, POX, SOD activities, phenolic and flavonoid levels, and yield compared to positive controls-NCT and ACT. GC-MS analysis of the metabolomic profile showed several unique benificial metabolites secreted by bacterial isolates and groundnut leaves treated with consortia, having putative roles in plant growth promotion and as antimicrobials and antioxidants. Thus, compost tea is a simple, stable, eco-friendly and cost-effective technique that farmers can include in organic agronomical practices. Compost tea and consortia developed in this study will benefit the farmers by providing an alternative method for groundnut production.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF PHYTOSYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN ENHANCING YIELD AND IN THE CONTROL OF LATE LEAF SPOT DISEASE IN GROUNDNUT: BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES IN PLANT CELLS
    (2020-12-21) NANDINI, G A; Dr. VEENA, S. ANIL
    Nano science research is moving forward in a fast pace as nanoparticles have special features that can be exploited in the field of Agriculture. Earlier in our lab, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been phytosynthesized using sandalwood leaf extract and characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD analysis and one season, field testing of phytosynthesized AgNP on groundnut crop. In this study, the applicability of the phytosynthesized AgNPs was reaffirmed on groundnut crop in field experiment and pot experiment was taken up with variety GKVK-13 in Kharif of 2019 at GKVK, Bangalore. The study reveals that AgNP treatments significantly enhanced plant biomass andgroundnut yield in both field and pot experiments. The AgNP treatments resulted in significant suppression of late leaf spot disease severity in groundnut. The study demonstrates AgNP induced defense priming-like response with elevation of defense enzymes SOD, POX, secondary metabolites such as phenolics and flavonoids in groundnut. AgNP treatments resulted in significant increase in yield parameters in field and pot experiments. Field experiment revealed AgNP foliar spray of 100ppm+RF showed higher pod yield of 33.61 per cent and pot experiment of 22.5 per cent in AgNP Foliar spray+RF+ST compared to the fungicide control. In vitro exposure of plant cells to AgNPs showed enhanced callus proliferation. The study observed that seed treatment with AgNP, significantly enhances growth parameters in germinated seedlings. The study thus demonstrates that phytosynthesized AgNP has the potential of being used as a growth promoter, improves germination performance, and for management ofphytopathogens in groundnut crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPOST TEA APPLICATION UNDER ORGANIC AND INTEGRATED METHODS FOR FINGER MILLET (ELEUSINE CORACANA L.) AND MARIGOLD (TAGETES ERECTA L.) CROPS: BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROWTH PROMOTION, YIELD ENHANCEMENT AND DEFENSE RESPONSE
    (2020-12-21) RADHA HULAGAPPA KATTIMANI; VEENA, S. ANIL
    The excessive use of agrochemicals in crop production leads to environmental pollution and health hazards, and thus newer alternate organic or integrated approaches are the need of the hour. Compost tea is one such alternate approach that can be introduced into organic cultivation or in an integrated cultivation practice to obtain higher yield from farming without harming the environment. Aerated (ACT) and non-aerated (NCT) fermentation are the two dominant approaches in preparation of compost tea. In this study finger millet varieties GPU48 and Uduramallige and marigold variety Arka Agni were used to evaluate the efficacy of compost tea in enhancing yield under field conditions. In finger millet compost tea treatments enhances biomass and yield (38%). Similarly, in marigold, compost tea in an integrated strategy resulted in higher flower yield (29%) as compared to recommended fungicide and control. Compost tea promotes induced systemic resistance in finger millet and marigold with enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and levels of phenols and flavonoids. In marigold crop field studies showed more beneficial results with NCT, while in case of finger millet, both ACT and NCT were on par with each other. Compost tea was observed to enhance callus proliferation in vitro in both finger millet and marigold. The study also recorded significant enhancement in growth of marigold stem cuttings and germination of finger millet seeds when exposed to compost tea. The study thus shows that compost tea based strategy is an effective biocontrol, growth promoter in finger millet and marigold crops.
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    ThesisItemEmbargo
    TARGETED INDUCED LOCAL LESIONS IN GENOMES (TILLING)-BASED MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS AND SPEED BREEDING IN PAPAYA cv. ARKA PRABHATH FOR ENHANCING FRUIT QUALITY AND YIELD TRAITS
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-28) SMITHA, S.; VAGEESHBABU, S. HANUR
    The papaya cv. Arka Prabhath is an advanced gynodioecious cultivar developed at ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru. The seeds were treated with various doses (0Gy, 50Gy, 100Gy, 150Gy, 250Gy and 500Gy) of gamma radiation to study the mutational influence on the fruit quality and yield traits. The LD50 was noted to be at 250 Gy for gamma irradiations. The lowest plant height in T5 (26+cm) with 45 days of early flowering was observed in M1 generation. Early bearing family was H with 56 days, whereas family E showed dwarf stature at first flowering among M2 mutants. In M4 mutant, early flowering was observed in Family H and C with 55 and 54 days meanwhile showed lowest error of variance. The shelf life studies, post harvest analysis and biochemical parameters were studied among all selected 36 mutant lines. Based on 14 to 16 days enhanced shelf life, quality fruit storage, pulp thickness, highest TSS of 14°brix, less post harvest loss in weight, good fruit cavity, length and width. Higher total soluble sugars, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content carotene and lycopene content in the fruit pulp ten mutant lines were forwarded. In order to study the sequence variations, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP’s) and insertions and deletions in fruit ripening genes viz., ACC-oxidase, ACC-synthase and ETR-1. Gene amplification of 10 selected mutants R12P17, R14P15, R16P18, R17P14, R1P7, R5P13, R7P2, R19P10, R21P15 and R25P14 of ACC-oxidase, ACC-synthase and Ethylene receptor-1 resulted in 957bp, 1465bp and 2217bp fragments, these were cloned, plasmids were sequenced. The Multiple sequence alignments revealed several point mutations, SNP’s and insertions at various positions. These results confirmed the sequence various is mainly due to induction of different doses of gamma radiation induced to seeds. These changes in morphological, physical and biochemical variations in plants and fruits may be due to induced mutation.