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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF MOONLIGHT ON NIGHT FORAGING AND COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR OF THE ROCK BEE, Apis dorsata. F.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-10-30) SANGAMESH KODABALAGI; Kuberappa, G. C.Studies on effect of moonlight on night foraging and communication behaviour of the rock bee, Apis dorsata F. was carried out during 2018-19 at the University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. When there was a sufficient illumination, the rock bees were observed to forage and perform the waggle dances during full moon nights and these nocturnal activities were influenced by night temperature, illumination and moon altitude. Delay in the moon rising time, delayed the starting of nocturnal foraging and dance activity. Night foragers stopped foraging and dance activity when moon altitude was maximum with 52° to 58° above the horizon. This inactive time also shifted with respect to moon altitude on successive nights after the full moon night. The low temperature during morning period also affected the foraging and dance activity of night foragers. The study on foraging population showed that the group of foragers which foraged during day time were different from the group of foragers which foraged during night time. It was observed that the night foragers did not forage during morning hours when temperature was less than 15°C.ThesisItem Open Access POLLINATOR FAUNA, DIVERSITY AND THEIR ROLE IN ENHANCING YIELD IN CHILLI, Capsicum annuum L.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 21-08-08) CHAITRA, T.; KUBERAPPA, G. C.Studies on pollinator fauna, diversity and their role in enhancing yield in chilli was carried out during 2018-19 at the University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. Anthesis was between 06:00h and 07:00h and pollen dehiscence was between 07:00h and 10:00h. Thirteen species of insect pollinators were recorded on chilli, of which ten species belonged to order Hymenoptera, one to Lepidoptera and two to Diptera. Among the pollinators, honey bees constituted 64.01 per cent. The peak foraging activity was observed between 09:00 AM to 11:00 AM of the day. Average fruit set (100.00 %), mean of single fruit weight (7.65g and 7.40g), mean fruit girth (1.18cm and 1.65cm), mean fruit length (8.95cm and 6.50cm), seeds capsule-1 (48.70 and 61.03) and mean seed weight (5.25g and 6.05g) were higher in eight visits flower-1 in case of Apis dorsata and Tetragonula iridipennis, respectively. The results of modes of pollination on quantitative parameters such as average fruit set, mean fruit weight, mean fruit girth, mean fruit length, seeds capsule-1 and mean seed weight and qualitative parameters such as moisture per cent, total soluble sugars, germination per cent and seedling vigour index were higher in open pollination.ThesisItem Open Access POLLINATOR FAUNA, DIVERSITY AND THEIR ROLE IN ENHANCING YIELD IN CHILLI, Capsicum annuum L.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-21) CHAITRA, T.; KUBERAPPA, G. C.Studies on pollinator fauna, diversity and their role in enhancing yield in chilli was carried out during 2018-19 at the University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. Anthesis was between 06:00h and 07:00h and pollen dehiscence was between 07:00h and 10:00h. Thirteen species of insect pollinators were recorded on chilli, of which ten species belonged to order Hymenoptera, one to Lepidoptera and two to Diptera. Among the pollinators, honey bees constituted 64.01 per cent. The peak foraging activity was observed between 09:00 AM to 11:00 AM of the day. Average fruit set (100.00 %), mean of single fruit weight (7.65g and 7.40g), mean fruit girth (1.18cm and 1.65cm), mean fruit length (8.95cm and 6.50cm), seeds capsule-1 (48.70 and 61.03) and mean seed weight (5.25g and 6.05g) were higher in eight visits flower-1 in case of Apis dorsata and Tetragonula iridipennis, respectively. The results of modes of pollination on quantitative parameters such as average fruit set, mean fruit weight, mean fruit girth, mean fruit length, seeds capsule-1 and mean seed weight and qualitative parameters such as moisture per cent, total soluble sugars, germination per cent and seedling vigour index were higher in open pollination.ThesisItem Open Access RISK ANALYSIS OF BIO-PESTICIDES AND NEWER MOLECULES ON HONEY BEE POLLINATORS IN SUNFLOWER ECOSYSTEM(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-11-20) SHABARISH KUMAR, S.; SRINIVAS REDDY, K. M.Studies on effect of bio-pesticides and newer molecules on honeybee pollinators in sunflower ecosystem were carried out at Department of Apiculture and Zonal Agricultural Research Station, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2017-18. Insecticides viz., Bacillus thuringiensis, NPV, NSKE, Indoxacarb, Cyantraniliprole, Chlorantraniliprole, Spinosad and Emamectin benzoate were sprayed during flowering period on sunflower crop. The foraging activity of different honey bee species was observed for 7 days. Emamectin benzoate was found to be more toxic to honey bee pollinators followed by spinosad, cyantraniliprole, indoxacarb, NSKE, chlorantraniliprole, Bacillus thuringiensis and NPV. Emamectin benzoate was found to be highly toxic to A. dorsata and A. cerana followed by spinosad, cyantraniliprole, indoxacarb, NSKE, chlorantraniliprole, Bacillus thuringiensis and NPV under field condition. NPV was found to be relatively safer to A. florea followed by Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorantraniliprole, NSKE, spinosad, indoxacarb, cyantraniliprole and Emamectin benzoate, whereas NPV was found to be least toxic followed by Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, spinosad, NSKE, cyantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate to Tetragonula irridipennis under field conditions. In laboratory conditions NSKE was found to be least toxic to A. cerana whereas Emamectin benzoate was found to be highly toxic.ThesisItem Open Access SUITABILITY OF BIOFUEL CROP RESIDUES AS POTENTIAL SOIL AMENDMENT- A CRITICAL STUDY(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-03-18) RISING PANMEI; PRASANNA, K. T.A study was conducted to determine the suitability of biofuel crop residues as potential soil amendment. During the composting of leaf litter, fruit husk and oil cake of Pongamia pinnata and Simarouba glauca, it was observed that the temperature in all the compost piles ranged from 24.4 to 50.5. EC values of the compost were within the threshold value of <4.0 dS m-1 (FCO, 2013) and their pH ranged from 6.0 to 8.5 at 90 days. The bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and N2-fixers were found in good numbers during the maturation phase. There was also net decrease in enzyme activities in all the treatments at the end of 90 days. Thus, these results suggested that the biofuel crop residues have been converted to stable compost in 90 days. The study was taken forward to assess the effects of raw and composted biofuel crop residues on the physiology and growth efficiency, and yield of maize; and soil health properties. It was observed that the biofuel crop residues regardless of their forms as raw or composted at 10 t ha-1 produced higher growth and yield compared to the recommended dose of farmyard manure or NPK fertilizers. The incorporation of biofuel crop residues has shown diverse responses at various stages of observation. This may be due to the influence on soil physical properties as well as the microbial population that might have influenced better availability and uptake of nutrients. Either raw or composted biofuel residues can be applied as soil organic amendment at the rate of 10 t ha-1 serving as an important component of sustainable agriculture.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM IVY GOURD (Coccinia indica L.) AND GLYCAEMIC INDEX IN IVY GOURD CHAPATHI(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-02-20) SNEHA SHIGIHALLI; VIJAYALAXMI, K. G.Ivy gourd is a tropical plant belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae, commonly known as little gourd and is valued for its nutritional and medicinal value. The present study was undertaken to standardize the process of dehydration, to develop value added shelf stable products from dehydrated ivy gourd powder and to evaluate its glycemic index. Fresh ivy gourds were subjected for different pretreatments and dried at two different drying temperatures (i.e. at 55°C for 8 hr and 60°C for 6 hr) in a tray drier. The moisture content, dehydration and rehydration ratio varied significantly among the pretreatments. However, drying at 60°C was considered best for further process. Dehydrated ivy gourd powder was analyzed for physico-chemical, functional and nutrient analysis. Different value added products were developed by incorporating dehydrated ivy gourd powder at different levels. Sensory acceptability of developed products were in the range of liked moderately to liked extremely. It revealed that sweet biscuits (IGSB-10%), masala biscuits (IGM-10%), sponge cake (IGC-10%), jelly (IGJ-10%) soup sticks (IGST- 20%) rusk (IGR-20%) and chapathi (IGCH-12.5%) were best accepted to other variations. Micronutrient (Ca, Fe and P) and ß-carotene contents were improved significantly upon ivy gourd incorporation in the products. Biscuits, soup sticks and rusks were acceptable and microbial load were well within safe permissible limits for 60 days of storage. α-Amylase inhibition activity (units/mg) in the extracts was observed from 27.40 in 0.5 ml to 69 in 1.5ml of extract. The per cent inhibition was found to increase with increase in the concentration. Glycaemic index for ivy gourd added chapathi was found to be 56.08, which is found almost nearer to low glycaemic value. Thus, dehydrated ivy gourd as vegetable will not only provide the dietary and nutritional benefits, but also plays a vital role in management of blood glucose level.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIETARY APPROACHES AND EATING BEHAVIOUR AMONG OVERWEIGHT HOME MAKERS(University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Bengaluru, 2018-11-30) VEENA, B.M.; USHA RAVINDRAA study was conducted to assess the relationship between socio economic and nutritional status of women. Standardization of low calorie food formulation for overweight homemakers was done and its functional properties, chemical composition and shelf life was evaluated followed by intervention studies to see the effect of low calorie food formulation along with education on anthropometric and biochemical parameters of the selected subjects. Most of the respondents (46.7 %) belonged to 36-45 years of age group, 32.5 per cent belonged to 26-35 years age group and 20.8 per cent of respondents were of >45 years age group. More than half of the women respondents were housewives (59.2 %) followed by working group (30 %) and entrepreneurs (10.8%). 34.2 per cent of respondents had only one child, more than half of the respondents had 2 children (53.3%) and only 12.5 per cent of respondents had 3 children. Developed food formulation contained moisture -5.0%, protein -18.6g/100g, fat -5.8g/100g, carbohydrate -67.3g/100g energy value -396 kcal/100g, crude fiber -11.0%, total dietary fiber -10.45%, ash -3.32%, calcium -308.66mg/100g, iron -6.89mg/100g, β-carotene -1123.5 μg/100g, Zinc -1.89mg/100g, Phosphorous -277.66mg/100g, potassium -54.06mg/100g and sodium -2.53mg/100g. A significant decrease in the total cholesterol, (from 182.3±33.9 to 163.3±32.4 mg/dl and 209.5±38.4 to 193.1±32.1mg/dl for group I and II was observed after intervention of food formulation for six months. With regard to high density lipoprotein, significant increase was observed among the subjects of group I and group II from 38.7±9.8 to 46.3±8.3 mg/dl and 43.0±8.0 to 48.6±7.1 mg/dl respectively. Significant change in BMI from 27.2±1.9 to 25.4±2.0 was observed for group I. Hence low calorie food formulation along with lifestyle modifications played an important role in weight managementThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of plant extracts of Amomum spp. on Apis dorsata Fab.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2018-10-03) Vinay Rama Hegde.; Kuberappa, G. C.The behaviour of Apis dorsata Fab. to the stem extracts of Amomum aculeatum Roxb. were studied in field and laboratory condition. The field experiments were conducted on the rock bee colony which was located at UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru and the laboratory experiments were conducted at NCBS, Bengaluru. The chemical compositions of the stem extract were analysed in this study. In field experiments, the effects of boiled and crude stem extracts of A. aculeatum was worked out. The bees moved away from the comb, when crude stem extract was held close to the comb, which showed the clear significant repellent effect on bees. Boiled stem extract had no effect on the colony which indicated the importance of volatiles in the plants that repels bees. In laboratory condition, the individual bee was exposed to fresh air and crude stem extract odour in a fabricated setup. But, bees did not show significant response to the crude stem extract, which may be due to change in behaviour of individual bee as compared to social behaviour. The chemical compounds present in the A. aculeatum stem extract was analysed by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results of the GC-MS analysis of the stem extract showed that there were about 70 compounds present in it. The classes of compounds identified in the stem extract were monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Out of these, the main compounds identified were α-(+)-Pinene (30.68%) and Caryophyllene (25.22%).