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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR POD YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES IN F2 & F3 POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM THREE SELECTED CROSSES OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) UMA, R. BYADAGI.; Venkataravana, P.F2 and F3 populations of three connected crosses of groundnut viz., TMV-2×ICGV-91114, TMV-2×TG-69 and TMV-2×ICGV-00350 were assessed to estimate the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, pattern of character association and direct effect of component traits on pod yield plant-1 during kharif and summer-2017 at ARS, Chintamani and NSP, GKVK, Bengaluru, respectively. Higher magnitudes of range and standardized range were observed for all traits in all three crosses. Higher estimates of GCV and PCV noticed for pods plant-1, branches plant-1, SMK%, pod yield and kernel yield plant-1 in three crosses indicated the presence of adequate variability. Close correspondence between estimates of GCV and PCV indicated lesser influence of environment on traits like plant height, branches plant-1 and days to first flowering in all three crosses which was amply reflected by high broad sense heritability along with high expected GAM, suggesting the involvement of additive gene action in controlling these traits. The characters like branches plant-1, pods plant-1, shelling% and SMK% had significant positive while, plant height showed significant negative correlation with pod yield plant-1 in three crosses. Pods plant-1, branches plant-1 and plant height exerted higher direct effect on pod yield plant-1. High and positive estimates of selection differential and selection response were recorded for all the traits in three crosses. Performance of cross TMV-2×ICGV-00350 was superior over other crosses in both generations. 28 superior TMV-2 pod type bearing F3 plants which surpassed the performance of parents and checks were identified from all three crosses and suggested to evaluate further.ThesisItem Open Access COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS OF DIVERSE CMS SYSTEMS’-BASED SEED PARENTS IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) DIVYA, B.S.; NEHRU, S.D.Development and use of diverse CGMS systems-based hybrids is expected to overcome genetic vulnerability of hybrids based on a single source of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). An investigation was carried out to assess general combining ability (gca) and per se performance of seed parents, and specific combining ability (sca) and heterosis of hybrids based on three diverse CMS sources (H. annuus, H. argophyllus and H. praecox) for seed yield and its component traits in sunflower. Nine seed parents (three each from three CMS sources) were crossed to nine testers in Line × Tester mating design. The parents and resultant 81 hybrids along with three checks (KBSH-44, KBSH- 53 and RSFH-1887) were evaluated for gca, sca and heterosis. The seed parents, BCGA- 28 (H. praecox) and BCGA-44 (H. argophyllus) were identified as desirable general combiners for productivity per se traits. Mean performances of seed parents were good indicators of their gca effects for plant height, hundred seed weight and oil content. Relatively high magnitude of correlation between sum of the parental gca effects with hybrids’ per se performance suggested that parental gca effects retained fairly high predictability of hybrid per se performance for all the traits. H. praecox-based hybrids involving the common seed parent (BCGA-28) and restorers (RHA 95 C-1, RCR 60 P and RHA 284) were desirable specific combinations and heterotic for multiple traits including seed yield plant-1 suggesting the need for large scale multi locations/ seasons testing to confirm their yield potential for commercial exploitation.ThesisItem Open Access STABILITY OF SELECTED BLACKGRAM [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] GENOTYPES ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS REPRESENTED BY DATES OF SOWING(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) THOTTEMPUDI KAVYA; Rangaiah, S.Availability of genetic variation for productivity per se traits in the working germplasm is a prerequisite for breeding crops and blackgram is no exception to this. Blackgram germplasm comprising of 88 accessions with three checks Rashmi, T-9 and DU-1 were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the experimental plots of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. Data were collected on nine quantitative traits. The estimates of broad-sense heritability as well as expected GAM were higher for clusters plant-1, pods plant -1 and seed yield plant-1 than those for other traits. The accessions were grouped into nine clusters based on K-means clustering. Quantitative traits means of genotypes included in nine clusters differed significantly for three out of nine quantitative traits, while trait variances were homogenous for all the nine QT’s. Evaluation of 12 promising genotypes across environments representing three different dates of sowing during 2017 indicated significant genotype × environment interaction for seed yield plant-1 based on AMMI model. The genotypes, RU-16-10, IC-261182 and RU-16-11 with lowest estimate of AMMI stability value (ASV) and Stability index (SI) were identified as stable across three dates of sowing, while BG-2 and LBG-20 were found specifically adapted to August sowing for most of the QTs.ThesisItem Open Access CHOICE OF DESIRABLE INDICES FOR EFFECTIVE DISCRIMINATION AND SELECTION OF TERMINAL DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANT DOLICHOS BEAN (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) GENOTYPES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) BALARAJU SUSMITHA; Ramesh, S.Direct selection under moisture stress free (MSF) environments for high economic product yield (EPY) and for its stability (with minimal reduction in EPY) under moisture stress (MS) is an effective strategy to breed crop plants for drought tolerance (DT). Indices that integrate EPY under MSF and MS have been used for screening and selection of moisture stress tolerant genotypes in several crops. The present study was aimed at identifying desirable indices from among those reported for effective discrimination and selection of terminal moisture stress (TMS) tolerant dolichos bean genotypes. Two experiments were conducted. The 33 genotypes of the first experiment and 13 genotypes of the second experiment were evaluated under two moisture regimes (MR), namely, MSF and TMS environments in separate trials following Randomized Block Design. The genotypes of both the experiments performed differentially across the two MR for both dry pod and seed yield plant-1. Based on the criteria of both correlation and discriminating ability of the indices, only three indices namely, stress tolerance index (STI), modified1 STI (K1STI) and modified2 STI (K2STI) were found desirable to identify TMS tolerant genotypes of both the experiments. Based on rank sum method, involving the three indices F3 selections no. 16 & 27 and landraces (GL 6, GL 66, GL 447 and Kadalavare), HA 12-3 and HA 4 were found TMS tolerant. Thus, the three indices STI, K1STI and K2STI are effective for identifying TMS tolerant genotypes with high grain yield under MSF and TMS environments in dolichos bean.ThesisItem Open Access BREEDING POTENTIAL OF FOUR CROSSES FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN COWPEA [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SHWETHA, H.R.; Marappa, N.Predicting the breeding potential of a cross and early elimination of less productive crosses helps ease up the handling of large segregating populations derived from few promising crosses and hence enhance the efficiency of crop breeding. A study was undertaken to assess breeding potential of four crosses viz., PL-5 × IC-27749, PL-2 × EC-402104, PL-2 × NBC-39 and PL-5 × EC-402104 in cowpea. The crosses with high quantitative trait mean, absolute and standardized range, phenotypic coefficient of variation and frequency of transgressive segregants in F2 and F3 generations were considered to have better breeding potential. The results indicated that the cross PL-2 × NBC-39 followed by PL-5 × EC-402104 were found to have better breeding potential. Hence only these crosses should be forwarded to the next generations. Further, correlation studies indicated significant positive correlations of seed yield with clusters per plant, pods per plant, pods per cluster and seeds per pod, suggesting the use of these traits as surrogates to indirectly select for seed yield in cowpea. Moderate to high narrowsense heritability was recorded for clusters per plant, pods per plant, pod and seed yield per plant in the crosses indicating a prominent role of additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Hence, selection would be effective for these traits in early generation itself.ThesisItem Open Access BREEDING POTENTIAL OF FOUR CROSSES FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN COWPEA [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SHWETHA, H.R.; Marappa, N.Predicting the breeding potential of a cross and early elimination of less productive crosses helps ease up the handling of large segregating populations derived from few promising crosses and hence enhance the efficiency of crop breeding. A study was undertaken to assess breeding potential of four crosses viz., PL-5 × IC-27749, PL-2 × EC-402104, PL-2 × NBC-39 and PL-5 × EC-402104 in cowpea. The crosses with high quantitative trait mean, absolute and standardized range, phenotypic coefficient of variation and frequency of transgressive segregants in F2 and F3 generations were considered to have better breeding potential. The results indicated that the cross PL-2 × NBC-39 followed by PL-5 × EC-402104 were found to have better breeding potential. Hence only these crosses should be forwarded to the next generations. Further, correlation studies indicated significant positive correlations of seed yield with clusters per plant, pods per plant, pods per cluster and seeds per pod, suggesting the use of these traits as surrogates to indirectly select for seed yield in cowpea. Moderate to high narrowsense heritability was recorded for clusters per plant, pods per plant, pod and seed yield per plant in the crosses indicating a prominent role of additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Hence, selection would be effective for these traits in early generation itself.ThesisItem Open Access CHOICE OF DESIRABLE INDICES FOR EFFECTIVE DISCRIMINATION AND SELECTION OF TERMINAL DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANT DOLICHOS BEAN (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) GENOTYPES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) BALARAJU SUSMITHA; Ramesh, S.Direct selection under moisture stress free (MSF) environments for high economic product yield (EPY) and for its stability (with minimal reduction in EPY) under moisture stress (MS) is an effective strategy to breed crop plants for drought tolerance (DT). Indices that integrate EPY under MSF and MS have been used for screening and selection of moisture stress tolerant genotypes in several crops. The present study was aimed at identifying desirable indices from among those reported for effective discrimination and selection of terminal moisture stress (TMS) tolerant dolichos bean genotypes. Two experiments were conducted. The 33 genotypes of the first experiment and 13 genotypes of the second experiment were evaluated under two moisture regimes (MR), namely, MSF and TMS environments in separate trials following Randomized Block Design. The genotypes of both the experiments performed differentially across the two MR for both dry pod and seed yield plant-1. Based on the criteria of both correlation and discriminating ability of the indices, only three indices namely, stress tolerance index (STI), modified1 STI (K1STI) and modified2 STI (K2STI) were found desirable to identify TMS tolerant genotypes of both the experiments. Based on rank sum method, involving the three indices F3 selections no. 16 & 27 and landraces (GL 6, GL 66, GL 447 and Kadalavare), HA 12-3 and HA 4 were found TMS tolerant. Thus, the three indices STI, K1STI and K2STI are effective for identifying TMS tolerant genotypes with high grain yield under MSF and TMS environments in dolichos bean.ThesisItem Open Access BREEDING POTENTIAL OF FOUR CROSSES FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN COWPEA [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SHWETHA, H.R.; Marappa, N.Predicting the breeding potential of a cross and early elimination of less productive crosses helps ease up the handling of large segregating populations derived from few promising crosses and hence enhance the efficiency of crop breeding. A study was undertaken to assess breeding potential of four crosses viz., PL-5 × IC-27749, PL-2 × EC-402104, PL-2 × NBC-39 and PL-5 × EC-402104 in cowpea. The crosses with high quantitative trait mean, absolute and standardized range, phenotypic coefficient of variation and frequency of transgressive segregants in F2 and F3 generations were considered to have better breeding potential. The results indicated that the cross PL-2 × NBC-39 followed by PL-5 × EC-402104 were found to have better breeding potential. Hence only these crosses should be forwarded to the next generations. Further, correlation studies indicated significant positive correlations of seed yield with clusters per plant, pods per plant, pods per cluster and seeds per pod, suggesting the use of these traits as surrogates to indirectly select for seed yield in cowpea. Moderate to high narrowsense heritability was recorded for clusters per plant, pods per plant, pod and seed yield per plant in the crosses indicating a prominent role of additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Hence, selection would be effective for these traits in early generation itself.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN F4 AND F5 SEGREGATING GENERATIONS OF SELECTED CROSSES FOR LATE LEAF SPOT DISEASE RESISTANCE, POD YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) JYOTHI RANJANA, T.P.; SAVITHRAMMA, D.L.Genetic variability for disease resistance is very important for efficient crop improvement in groundnut. An investigation was carried to understand genetic variability of segregating generations for Late Leaf Spot (LLS) disease resistance, pod yield and its component traits. The experimental material of F4 and F5 segregating generations comprised resistant and susceptible parental combinations of crosses GPBD 4 × TMV 2, GPBD 4 × ICGV 99005, ICGVC 13099 × ICGV 86590, GKVK 17 × ICGV 86590, NRCG 12568 × ICGV 91114. Analysis of results revealed moderate GCV, PCV, moderate to high heritability and GAM for pods plant-1, pod yield plant-1, kernel yield plant-1, shelling percentage, SMK per cent in F4 and F5 generations for all five crosses. This indicates presence of additive gene action and selection could be appropriate. High GCV, PCV with moderate to high heritability and GAM was observed for per cent disease index at 75, 90 and115 days after sowing. Hence selection for LLS disease resistance could be carried out for these traits in all five crosses of F5 generation. Estimation of narrow sense heritability using parent offspring regression was carried out. Results revealed moderate narrow sense heritability for pod yield attributing traits and LLS disease resistance indicated additive gene action with high selection efficiency for these traits. Based on the results obtained in F5 generation superior performing progenies for LLS disease resistance coupled with high pod yield were selected in all five crosses of groundnut.
