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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC TRAITS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANTHESIS - SILKING INTERVAL IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-11-20) ARUNKUMAR, B; Gangappa, E.Moisture stress, especially during the vegetative and reproductive stages limits the grain yield by about 50 per cent in maize. A wider Anthesis Silking Interval (ASI) often results from drought stress at flowering. Narrow ASI is associated with drought tolerance and wider longer ASI is associated with drought susceptibility. An investigation was undertaken to assess the genetic potential of selected inbred lines and to identify stable and adaptable heterotic hybrid/s during 2012-2016. The study revealed ample evidence for the presence of genetic variability among the inbreds for grain yield and ASI. Less than unity of GCA/SCA ratio indicated the pre-dominance of nonadditive gene action governing the traits. The inbred MAI 283 was identified as a good general combiner. The hybrids MAI-283×KDMI-16, M 04×KDMI 16, BGUDI 88×MAI 394, BGUDI 120×VL 109252 and M 04×BGUDI 89 were identified as desirable specific combiners for grain yield. The hybrids, MAI-349×BGUDI-118, MAI-283×KDMI-16 and BGUDI-120×VL-109252 were found significantly superior to standard checks Hema and CP 818 for grain yield and ASI in desirable direction. Out of 380 single cross hybrids eight were selected and evaluated at three locations during rabi 2016 to identify stable and adaptable heterotic hybrid/s. The AMMI analysis of variance revealed significant contribution of hybrid, location and hybrid × location (GLI) interaction to variation in all the traits. The hybrids MAI 283×KDMI 16 for ASI and KDMI 16×BGUDI 118 for grain yield were found to have wider adaptation across the locations.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF RESISTANCE TO BLAST DISEASE IN FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-25) VIJAYA KUMAR, K. V.; Channabyre Gowda, M. V.Finger millet is one of the few crops that feature novel genetic traits combining unique nutritional properties, an array of health benefits and environmental sustainability in production. Blast disease is the most important biotic stress affecting yield and quality of produce in most of the finger millet growing areas necessitating a strong program of breeding for blast resistance. Three immortalized (F5) recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations viz., VR 708×GPU 48 (400), GPU 28×KM 252 (360) and PR 202×GPU 48 (360) were assessed for blast disease across locations (Almora, Bengaluru, Coimbatore and Vizianagaram) over two seasons (Kharif 2013 and 2014). Significant genotypic variances were observed for all the three blast phases (leaf, neck and finger), while high Genotype × Environment interaction was recorded for neck and finger blast, indicating a strong need for multi environment testing. A detailed analysis of RILs revealed a role of a few factors in determining resistance to leaf blast but multiple factors for neck and finger blast requiring a recurrent breeding strategy to combine such factors. Evaluation of 18 hybrids based on blast resistant male sterile line, PS 1 with diverse male parents revealed significant variation for blast disease and productivity traits. The hybrids PS 1 × VL 315, PS 1 × VL 149, PS 1 × VL 353, PS 1 × VL 324, PS 1 × A 404, PS 1 × Chilika, PS 1 × GN 5, PS 1 × KOPN 235 and PS 1 × PRM 1 exhibited significant heterosis for blast resistance and productivity traits constituted a potential resource for crop improvement. A panel of 8 accessions and 16 RILs differing for blast disease were subjected to ddRAD sequencing with Illumina HiSeq platform. A total of 144 SNPs that were found between resistant and susceptible groups and having hits to jasmonate inducible protein, mitogenactivated protein kinase, proline rich protein and NBS type disease resistance protein provided a potential genomic resource for improvement of blast resistance in finger millet.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF MALE STERILITY TRAITS IN BC5F1 GENOTYPES AND EVALUATION OF RECIPROCAL CROSSES FOR CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-04) JAGADEESH, HADIMANI; Shailaja, HittalmaniMost of the present rice hybrids are derived from CMS lines that are suitable for irrigated condition which have led to narrow genetic base. Such hybrids are not suitable for wider adaptation including adverse situation. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to develop new CMS lines suitable for aerobic condition in the background of MAS99, a potential drought tolerant advanced line. BC5F1 generation plants derived from IR70369A × MAS99 and KCMS31A × MAS99 crosses were evaluated for morphofloral traits. The phenotypic evaluation of traits revealed that most of the plants were completely male sterile. The BC5F1 plants for plant height at 35 days and at maturity, total tillers plant-1, productive tillers plant-1, panicle length and days to maturity were on par with recurrent parent MAS99. The genetic variability studies indicated that heritability for most of the traits under the study were high with narrow difference between PCV and GCV except plant height at 35 days and spikelet sterility. The selected plants synchronizing for flowering traits with recurrent parent were backcrossed to develop BC6F1 progenies. The plants with higher proportion of MAS99 (RP) genome in BC6F1 generation were identified using marker assisted background selection using 81 polymorphic SSR markers for IR70369A × MAS99 derived plants. Rasi variety was identified as effective maintainer. In addition, influence of cytoplasm on number of fertile grains panicle-1, total number of grains panicle-1 and grain weight plant-1 were identified. In conclusion new CMS line suitable for aerobic condition was developed by converting MAS99B into MAS99A line.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF ELITE F6 RILs IN FINGER MILLET [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.](UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-01) PURUSHOTTAM, PIRAJE; RAVISHANKAR, P.Finger millet is an important staple food crop of Karnataka. Most cultivars susceptible to lodging. The major biotic constraint in finger millet production is blast. Hence, development of stable high yielding, lodging and blast resistant varieties is of utmost importance. Mechanical harvesting necessitates non-lodging and sturdy plant type. In the present study, 52 F5 RILs derived from the cross GPU 28 × GPU 67 were evaluated during summer 2015 at GKVK, Bengaluru, 28 selected F6 RILs were evaluated during kharif 2016 at three different locations viz., Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Bengaluru, Mandya and Vizianagaram. High GCV, PCV and heritability coupled with genetic advance as per cent mean values for grain yield plant-1 was recorded in both F5 and F6 RILs. Recovery angle after bending is one of the important traits contributing to lodging resistance. Recovery angle was found to be negatively correlated with plant height, tillers plant-1, internodal length and peduncle length. Internodal length has highest negative direct effect on recovery angle after bending followed by plant height and peduncle length. GGE biplot analysis has revealed that RILs 1, 22, 24, 26, and 30 were widely adapted for grain yield plant-1. The best resistant lines to lodging, neck and finger blast were identified. RILs 2 and 8 were resistant to lodging and blast.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) MUTANTS FOR YIELD, PROTEIN AND RELATED CHARACTERS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-16) KHAJABANDENAWAJ; NANDINI, R.Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc] is neglected and underutilized pulse crop grown mostly in semi-arid tropics of the African continent. Forty eight stabilized mutants of Bambara groundnut variety SB-42 irradiated with gamma-rays were used to study morphological diversity and twelve selected mutants were subjected for proteins quantification, characterization of proteins and isoenzymes and also for the estimation of phytic acid. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all the characters indicating the prevalence of variability. The estimates of PCV and GCV were higher to moderate for all most all the characters and difference between PCV and GCV for all most all characters was narrow. High heritability coupled with high GAM was observed for pods plant-1, seeds plant-1 and shelling percentage. Grouping of genotypes into clusters using Tocher’s method resulted in the formation of 8 clusters, of which cluster-I was the biggest with 30 genotypes) followed by cluster-II(9) and III(7). Protein estimation among the selected mutants indicated ample variation for protein content. Protein profile, esterase and peroxidase isozyme profile revealed sufficient amount of polymorphism among mutants. Peroxidase isozyme showed highest polymorphism compared to esterase isozyme indicating that gamma irradiation being more efficient in inducing mutations at the peroxidase loci. Phytic acid estimation among selected mutants also indicated ample amount of variation for phytic acid content. Mutants F.55-1(4) and F.12(1) with high yield and low phytic acid whereas F.20(2) and F.3(3) with high protein and high yield can be utilized for the crop improvement.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY IN GERMPLASM LINES OF NIGER [Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.](UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-16) NAVEENKUMAR, PATIL; NANDINI, R.Niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.] is a minor oilseed crop and its cultivation mainly confined to marginal and sub-marginal land. Thirty six genotypes of niger were evaluated in augmented design and observations on ten quantitative characters were recorded. Significant differences were observed among the germplasm lines for plant height, capsule plant-1 and seeds capsule-1. High phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for capsule plant-1 and seeds capsule-1. High heritability estimate coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for plant height, capsule plant-1 and seeds capsule-1. Correlation studies indicated that seed yield plant-1 had high significant positive association with capsule plant-1, seeds capsule-1 and 1000 seed weight at phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis for seed yield plant-1 revealed that 1000 seed weight plant-1 had highest direct effect followed by primary branches plant-1. Indirect contribution of component characters viz., capsule plant-1 and seeds capsule-1 on seed yield plant-1 was high through 1000 seed weight plant-1. Based on D2 analysis genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Intra cluster genetic diversity was narrow, but it was greater among clusters. The genotypes from distinct clusters could be utilized in population improvement program to get high yielding varieties. Oil content range of all the ten top yielding genotypes was 35.10 – 38.49 % as compared that of KBN-1(37.79). Hence, these top ten germplasm lines with high yield and high oil content can further be utilized to develop a base population for population improvement.ThesisItem Open Access Mapping QTL for traits related to water use efficiency, yield and yield related parameters in recombinant inbred line population of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-11) SAVITA, S. K.; Savithramma, D. L.Drought is the greatest impact on yield losses in groundnut. With the objective of identifying Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling traits related to water use efficiency viz., SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, specific leaf area and carbon isotope discrimination in recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of the cross GKVK 4 × NRCG 12473. Linkage map analysis of the 164 loci resulted in the mapping of 105 marker loci on 22 linkage groups (LGs) and total map distance of 763.1 cM was developed. QTL analysis detected a total of four main effect QTL (M-QTL) for SCMR and two QTL for SLA with 8.64 - 11.35% phenotypic variation explained (PVE) and a total of 44 M-QTLs were obtained for pod yield and yield related parameters with PVE % up to 43.74 %. A total of 56 significant epistatic-QTL (E-QTL) interactions were detected with PVE % upto 29.70 %. M-QTL and E-QTL interaction explained a fairly large magnitude of PVE % for traits related to WUE, pod yield and its parameters. Identified linked markers/QTLs have to be validated for its potential use in marker assisted breeding for high WUE. Drought tolerance was quantified by thirteen drought tolerant indices, among them STI, MP, GMP and HMP showed significant high correlation with pod yield under well watered and water stress conditions. This aids for identification of four RILs 1076-3-2, 1647-4-8, 1034-7-3 and 1100-6-8 with high WUE and high pod yield.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF CMS AND NEW INBRED LINES FOR COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-08) AKSHATA TIMMANNA, BUDIHAL; Nehru, S. D.Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world belonging to family Asteraceae with 2n=2x=34 chromosomes. It is extensively grown in Argentina, France, Spain, USA, China, Ukraine and India. It is primarily grown for edible oil which has high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids viz., linoleic and oleic acids and hence considered as good quality oil from the health point of view. It is also a good source of calcium, phosphorus, nicotinic acid and vitamin E (Aslam et al., 2010). Sunflower occupies the fourth place among oilseed crops in terms of acreage and production. In India, sunflower is grown over an area of 5.2 lakh hectares with a production and productivity of 3.35 lakh tonnes and 0.64 t ha-1, respectively (Anon., 2016). Sunflower crop is being grown over 70 per cent across Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. In Karnataka, it occupies an area of about 3.6 lakh hectare with a production of 2.1 lakh tonnes and productivity of 0.57 t ha-1 (Anon., 2016).ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF GERMPLASM LINES IN FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-01) SANJEEV KUMAR, R.; SHANTHALA, J.One hundred twenty genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated in augmented design for yield and yield related traits and observations were recorded on eight quantitative characters. Significant differences were observed among the germplasm lines for the characters plant height and green pod plant-1. High PCV and GCV was observed for plant height, green pod plant-1 and green pod weight plant-1. High heritability estimate coupled with high GAM were observed for plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering and green pods plant-1 implying that these traits were governed by additive gene action. Correlation studies indicated that green pod yield plant-1 had high significant and positive association with green pod cluster-1, green pod length, green pod width both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis for green pod yield plant-1 revealed that green pod plant-1 had the highest direct effect followed by green pod width. Indirect contribution of component characters viz., green pods plant-1 and days to 50 per cent flowering on green pod yield plant-1 was high through branches plant-1 and green pods plant-1. Genotypes grouped into four clusters. Intra cluster genetic diversity was narrow, but was greater among clusters. The Genotypes from distinct clusters could be utilized in hybridization programme to get high yielding varieties. Potential determinate genotypes for green pod yield plant-1 viz., EC325080, ARKA ANOOP, EC37166, EC283179, IC18175 and indeterminate forms viz., IC14913, IC17916, IC37144, IC37581, EC39073 were identified based on green pod yield-1 and pattern of cluster through diversity analysis.