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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON COFFEE EFFLUENT WASTE COMPOST ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PADDY (Oryza sativa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2012-11-29) NAGESH, G; NAGARAJAIAH, CField experiment, “Studies on Coffee Effluent waste compost and its effect on growth and yield of Paddy”, was conducted at ZARS, GKVK, Bangalore during kharif 2011. The experiment comprising of eight treatments namely Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) + Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha-1, RDF + Coffee effluent waste compost (CEWC) @ 5 t ha-1, RDF + 25% FYM + 75% CEWC, RDF + 50% FYM + 50% CEWC, RDF + 75% FYM + 25% CEWC, FYM @ 5 t ha-1, CEWC @ 5 t ha-1, and RDF 100:50:50 NPK kg ha-1, were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that application of 5 t CEWC with RDF improved soil physical properties such as bulk density (1.38 g/cc), water holding capacity (32.45 %) and also soil chemical properties like soil pH (6.00), Electrical conductivity (0.10 dSm-1), organic carbon (0.58 %), available nitrogen (321.23 kg ha-1), phosphorous (34.23 kg ha-1) and potassium (147.63 kg ha-1). Further the same treatment improved soil urease (225.20 μg NH4 N g-1 soil 2 h-1) and acid phosphatase (28.41 μg PNP g-1 h-1) enzymatic activity. The same treatment recorded significantly higher grain (5.09 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.57 t ha-1) and also higher net returns (Rs 43150 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.76) which was attributed to higher number of productive tillers (29.27 hill-1), total dry matter (105.15 g hill-1), number of grains (74.20 panicle-1) and 1000 grain weight (23.15 g), as compared to other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access MAPPING GENETIC DIVERSITY OF Saraca asoca (Roxb.) W. J. de Wilde (Fabaceae)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2013-07-27) SACHIN, A ROSARIO; GANESHAIAH, K NMapping the distribution of a species and identifying populations for 'in-situ' conservation is considered as the primary step in any species conservation. For 'in-situ' conservation, the population must be large and contiguous, with high density per unit area, regeneration high genetic diversity and high fitness. With invention of new tools and techniques of mapping, now it's easy to identify the populations for 'in-situ' conservation. One such tool is 'Ecological Niche Modelling' (ENM), which helps identifying the most suitable habitats for species conservation based on known points of occurrences. In this study we have attempted to identify populations of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) W. J. de Wilde, for 'in-situ' conservation along Western Ghats. As a first step, we developed niche map for Saraca asoca with the help of DIVA-GIS, an ENM tool. We studied the populations from different areas of varying suitability for their fitness measures such as regeneration, density, girth, height, fluctuating leaf asymmetry and specific leaf weight along with genetic diversity. The results from this study validated the assumption that the populations growing in higher suitability areas possessed higher fitness and high genetic diversity than the populations growing in least suitable areas. Based on the results we have been able to identify the 'Sink’ populations for creating 'Forest gene banks' an 'in-situ' conservation strategy. The 'Donor' populations to contribute complementary genes to ‘Sink’ were also identified.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF STORAGE ON QUALITY OF BIODIESEL FROM Pongamia pinnata (L.) PIERRE(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2013-09-24) THOYAJAKHSI; Prasanna, K TA study was conducted to characterise quality of fresh biodiesel produced from Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre and effect of storage on quality of biodiesel blends (B0, to B100) in mild steel and HDPE container in open and closed condition upto 180 days. The quality parameters of biodiesel were Acid value (1.90 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (18.11 meq O2/kg), iodine value (93.46 gI2/100g), sediments (0.1%), metal ion (0.56 ppm), viscosity (6.00 mm2/s), density (0.88 g/cm3), calorific values (38661.45 KJ/kg) fresh biodiesel were found to be in the range. The study revealed that most of the quality parameters of biodiesel varied with storage period. This may be due to the formation of acids, peroxides and aldehydes during storage. The storage period had effect on quality parameters varying marginally up to100 days as compared to control in case of open and closed HDPE containers. While in metal containers both open and closed conditions values differed significantly from 60th day on wards. The blends of biodiesel B0, B5, B10, B20, were very much within the admissible range for use as fuel in all the cases while B50 and B100 showed significant variation in the quality parameters. Hence, the closed HDPE containers were found to be ideal for storage up to 100th day with blends from B0 to B20. While in the metal containers both open and closed conditions showed significant variation in most of the parameters and the admissible range was for 40-60 days in blends up to B20.ThesisItem Open Access PREDICTING THE CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE DISTRIBUTION ON SANDAL WOOD (Santalum album L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2014-02-14) SAMIULLAH, FAQERZADA; GANESHAIAH, K NEcological Niche Modeling is a tool for predicting the potential geographical distribution of given species. In this study, an attempt has been made to map the potential Ecological Niche of Santalum album, at present and, in the year 2100, based on the occurrence points from south India. Results indicated that, beyond the well known area, sandalwood occurs in the northern parts of Eastern Ghats also. Accordingly the most suitable habitats were found to be located in three major areas: i) southern parts of Maharashtra along the borders of Karnataka, ii) Central Western Ghats in Karnataka, and, iii) southern dry parts of Karnataka. Analysis indicated that there may not be major changes in the total area suitable for sandalwood by the year 2100, though there could be a slight increase in the suitable area. However, both the sets of data from Eastern and Western Ghats predicted about 22 percent reduction in the suitable area; this result may be confound because the two areas seem to host different ecotypes. Thus, even under the changed climatic conditions, sandal wood could be cultivated well in the three areas: borders of Karnataka and Maharashtra, North Canara, Kodagu, plains of Tumkur, Mysore, Bangalore, Chamrajanagar, Coimbatore, Madumalai, Wynad and Satyamangalam.ThesisItem Open Access DECOMPOSITION AND DEGRADATION OF AMOORA FRUIT HUSK (Aphanomixis polystachya Wall.)(2014-06-14) DINCY DECHAMMA, V M; BALAKRISHNA, GOWDAA laboratory experiment was conducted to decompose the amoora fruit husk enriched with amoora de-oiled cake as a source of N and di-ammonium phosphate as a source of P with inoculation of a microbial consortium (Trichoderma viridae, Phanaerochyte crysosporium and Trichurus spiralis) for rapid composting. The effect of thus enriched bio-compost on the growth of tomato plants in pot culture was also assessed. The initial C: N ratio of the substrate was 85:1 which got reduced to 12.3: 1 in treatment with amoora fruit husk + microbial Consortium+ diammonium phosphate and de-oiled cake satisfying the degree of compost maturity. The compost contained higher amounts of N (1.94%), P (1.58%) and K (1.43%) in treatment with amoora fruit husk + microbial consortium + de-oiled cake and was found to enhance the total height of plant, number of leaves, number of branches, internodal length, dry weight and fresh weight and total biomass of the tomato plants. The treatment with amoora fruit husk + microbial consortium + de-oiled cake + di-ammonium phosphate recorded significantly higher in terms of mass loss, NPK content and C: N. The treatment with amoora fruit husk + microbial consortium + deoiled cake was also on par with the treatment amoora fruit husk + microbial consortium+ diammonium phosphate and de-oiled cake indicating that in the presence of oil cake as a source of N, microbial consortium can bring about faster decomposition of amoora fruit husk organically and also can influence the plant growth.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of newly established bengaluru international airport (BIA) on local biodiversity(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2013-06-29) R. M, Mayur; S, HattappaStudies were conducted in Devanahalli and surrounding airport area during 2009-2010. Due to development of BIA cultivation of land has ceased, native people have lost their occupation and profession. Families here were rehabilitated and there by natural resources have been poorly compensated. As per the digitized maps estimates with GIS tools, the area under cultivation before establishment of BIA covered 43% of the land mass and today it’s not in practice. There has been a loss by 52.83% of the water bodies and 37.32% of forest cover in its precincts. Forest cover not only has reduced quantitatively and also reduced qualitatively in terms of loss of species of high conservation values. There was negligible (0.15%) patches of land under built-up before BIA; currently 16.35% area is under built up. Earlier to BIA establishment the disturbed/excavated area was totally absent. However after BIA establishment the area increased by 48.29%. 65 bird species were identified in the study area during 2009-2010 which includes some of the rare bird species were Grey Wagtail, Black Drongo, Sykes’s Crested Lark, Rosy Starling, Blue Rock-Thrush, Small Green-Billed Malkoha, Indian Treepie, Bay-Backed Shrike, Grey-Headed Starling, Asian Paradise Flycatcher, Black Shouldered Kite,Spotted Owlet, Black Kite, Mottled Wood-Owl, Eurasian Golden Oriole and Barn Owl. Some of the bird species which could not tolerate built up area as a habitat must have moved to the surrounding hospitable areas. The butterflies and birds species showed a remarkable change comparing with the other locations at Ramanahalli.