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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access HABITAT SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT OF CROP RAIDING ELEPHANT POPULATION IN CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-22) VIPUL KUMAR; S. RAGHAVENDRAElephas maximus, commonly known as the Asian elephant is an endangered species. Habitat loss and fragmentation lead to an increase in crop raiding in these areas. The present study was carried out to assess the suitable habitat for the elephant in Shakleshpur and Alur taluks in Central Western Ghats. Habitat Suitability Model was developed for elephants by using remote sensing and GIS. Variables such as Land Use Land Cover, Forest cover, Proximity to water source, Elevation, and Slope were used to create a suitability map. Analytical HierarchyProcedure was used to assign weightage to each variable. In this study ever green forest area and built up area was found to be 23% and 40 % respectively. 16 % offorest area was found to be dense to medium. Average elevation was around 900msl. More than half of the area had slope less than 8 % and is near the water source. The study identifies that the forest cover is decreasing due to the conversion of agricultural land which has a severe impact on elephant habitat. Also southeastern pocket of Central Western Ghats is more suitable since Nor theastern part has more human inhabitants. Hence southeastern pocket can be developed into the protected area and marginally suitable areas into a community reserve.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF COWPEA AND FODDER SORGHUM UNDER FODDER TREE BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-01) HARSHITHA, M.; C., HanumanthappaThe study entitled “Performance of cowpea and fodder sorghum under fodder tree based agroforestry system” was carried out at Agroforestry unit, ZARS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2020-21. The experiment consisted of ten treatment combinations replicated four times under RCBD. Main plots consisted of fodder trees viz., Agase, Calliandra, Gliricidia, Moringa and Subabul. Whereas, sub lots consisted of fodder sorghum and fodder cowpea. The cowpea variety (KBC-9) was used @ 25 kg ha-1 . Whereas, fodder sorghum variety (COFS-31) was used @ 30 kg ha-1. These were sown as intercrops under different perennial fodder trees. The result showed that, highest green biomass production was recorded in Subabul (25.84 kg tree-1 annum-1) followed by Gliricidia (25.28 kg tree-1 annum-1) and less biomass production was recorded in Calliandra (8.48 kg tree-1 annum-1). The highest fodder sorghum yield was 2366 kg ha-1 and highest cowpea yield was 2217 kg ha-1. Among fodder trees, Moringa had highest protein content of 20.16 per cent followed by Subabul was 18.87 per cent, Economics of fodder trees revealed that, the highest net returns was recorded in Agase (Rs. 21705 ha-1) followed by Subabul (Rs. 18553 ha-1). So, the best fodder trees that can be used for agroforestry system were Agase and Subabul. The net returns of cowpea (Rs. 22590 ha-1) and sorghum (Rs. 21273 ha-1) under Agase was found to be the highest. So, it was concluded that intercropping of fodder sorghum and cowpea with Agase would be better to get good growth and economics under agroforestry system.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON TEAK (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE, 2021-11-11) BHARATH, S.B.; MAHADEVAMURHTY, M.The study entitled “Studies on teak (Teactona grandis linn. f.) based agroforestry system” was carried out from October 2020 to May 2021 at agroforestry unit, ZARS, GKVK Bengaluru. The study involved quantification of litterfall, litter decomposition, carbon sequestration and to know the influence of Teak on growth and yield of intercrop. Litter production over the months varied significantly throughout the study period. The accumulated litterfall during the study period in T1 (12 m × 3 m), T2 (10 m × 3 m) and T3 (8 m × 3 m)was 394.66 Kg/ha,562.51Kg/ha and 837.05 Kg/ha respectively and the averagedecomposition rate constant of Teak was found to be 0.235 k month-1. In addition to this carbon sequestration potential of Teak in T3 was observed as 164.6 t/ha. Growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves and number of branches was found to be more for agricultural crop which was grown as main crop when compared with intercrop with Teak. Growth parameters of teak like height and girth was seen higher in the T1(12 m × 3 m)i.e., 8.70 m and 0.47 m respectively.ThesisItem Open Access QUANTIFICATION OF LAND AVAILABILITY IN BUNDS OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS TO INCREASE TREE COVER ACROSS RURAL-URBAN GRADIENTS AROUND BENGALURU DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) ABHILASH, K.P.; DEVAKUMAR, A.S.The present investigation is an effort to Quantify land availability in bunds of agriculture lands to understand the possibility of increasing the tree cover. Study was conducted along the rural-urban gradients of Bengaluru district and compared with rural landscape of Tumakuru district with similar climatic conditions. Length and width of the bund is measured along with trees present on bunds. The length of bund varied significantly and width did not among the small, medium and large farmer’s. Tree density in general was found to be more in northern part of Bengaluru compared to southern parts. Number of tree species found in the rural parts of Tumakuru was more compared to rural Bengaluru. Number of tree species varied from eight in rural to thirteen in the urban areas. However highest number of trees belonged to Tectona grandis and Azadirachta indica. The number of trees seen on the bunds in Bengaluru regions remained almost same. Considering the total length of the bund and the spacing at which the trees are planted, the possibility of increasing the tree density on the available bunds among the small farmer’s is relatively more compared to medium and large farmer’s, while in case of rural area of Tumakuru there is a huge potential to increase the tree density on the bunds as the existing tree density is vary sparse compared to Bengaluru.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ENDOSPERM DERIVED TRIPLOID CLONE OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) FOR MORPHOGENIC RESPONSE IN VITRO(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) FASIHA; MAHADEVA MURTHY, M.World over, the primary interest on Neem research is centered around documenting the active principles and working on the methods to enhance the principles for commercial interests. The research done at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru in collaboration with C-Camp, NCBS, Bengaluru had yielded a triploid clone from the endosperm culture in vitro. This particular clone on UHPLC-MS had shown a hundred-fold increase in Azadirachtin content. The present research was aimed at finding out efficient in vitro interventions for plant regeneration from of the triploid clone. Repeated trials over a period of 5 to 6 months from leaflet and rachis explants failed to provide aseptic cultures. In order to obtain aseptic cultures, realizing that the explant material of this only available clone is very limited to only one plant, A novel methodology of forcing new vegetative buds by pruning of shoots was done. The culture of newly emerged shoots which just turned green gave aseptic cultures. A maximum amount of callus (1.7) was recorded (by scoring) on MS media supplemented with the combination of 5.0 mg L-1 NAA+0.5 mg L-1 BAP in leaf explant. Further, upon subculture, onto the MS media containing same concentration of growth regulators, an increment in callus growth (3.89) was obtained. Best morphogenic response in terms of maximum number of shoots (5.67) from callus was obtained upon culture of the callus onto the media containing 1 mg L-1 BAP and the maximum number of (1.6) adventitious roots were produced in callus cultured on the MS basal medium.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS UNDER KRISHNA WATER BASIN OF TUMKUR DISTRICT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-28) SMITHAPATIL, J; Nagarajaiah, C.The ‘Evaluation of agroforestry systems under Krishna water basin of Tumkur district’ of five taluks viz., Chikkanayakanahalli, Koratagere, Madhugiri, Pavagada and Sira were found five prominent agroforestry systems used by the farmers like Bund planting, Boundary planting, Scattered planting, Silvi-horticulture and Block plantation and about 35.56 per cent of total respondents has practicing more than one agroforestry systems, Amongst bund and boundary plantings were the major existing agroforestry systems practiced by the farmers in Krishna water basin of Tumkur district. The grain yields of finger millet in association with teak and neem were lower in agroforestry systems than sole cropping system. The carbon sequestration potential in agroforestry system was recorded very high in comparison to sole crop and trees in agroforestry systems accounted for 50-70 per cent higher carbon sequestration than the conventional agriculture. Tree number varied with farm holding size and kind of agroforestry systems was positively correlated. 19 tree species belonging to 10 families with 64 per cent being indigenous were recorded in the agroforestry systems with mean number of trees 51.87 ha-1. However, significantly higher number of trees per hectare was recorded with large farmer followed by medium farmer and small farmer. Tectona grandis was the most predominant species followed by Grevillea robusta, Azadirachta indica. The study also revealed that the majority of the tree species in agroforestry systems were used for timber followed by fodder and fruit whereas least importance was given for religious and ornamental species.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF TREE BIOMASS WITH RESPECT TO SOIL HEALTH OF DIFFERENT TREE SPECIES ESTABLISHED IN ARBORETUM AT UAS GKVK BENGALURU(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2018-08-30) RAMYASHREE, K. L; Nagarajaiah, C.The study entitled “Assessment of tree biomass with respect to soil health of different tree species established in arboretum at UAS GKVK Bangalore” was carried out in 30 year old plantation at tree arboretum. The study involved assessment of growth, above ground biomass production, carbon sequestration, nutrient accumulation in soil and R/S ratio general micro flora of four different tree species. The results revealed that among different tree species the maximum tree height was observed in Artocarpus hirsutus (15.74 m) and maximum girth at breast height (147 cm), volume (1.93 m3), above ground biomass (453.75 kg/tree), tree C sequestration (204.19 kg/tree) was recorded for Ceiba pentandra. At depth of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm, R/S ratio for Bacteria, Fungal population and Actinomycetes population was found to be highest in Artocarpus hirsutus. Maximum soil moisture was found in Ceiba pentandra (12.02 %) and (12.9 %) and bulk density was found highest in Sterculia companulata (1.14 g/cm3) and (1.6 g/cm3) at depth of 0-15cm and 15-30cm respectively. At depth of 0-15 cm and 15 -30 cm, Electrical conductivity (0.20 ds/m) and (0.19 ds/m), Organic carbon (2.38%) and (2.25%) and Phosphorous (40.74 kg/ha) and (24.1 kg /ha) content was found highest in Artocarpus hirsutus. The available nitrogen (287.31kg/ha) and (270.95 kg/ha), Potassium (109.3 kg/ha) and (96.0 kg/ha) and pH (6.45) and (6.2) was found highest in Ceiba pentandra at depth of 0-15 cm and 15 -30 cm respectively. Therefore study revealed findings are useful in the field of environmental science.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF RICE HUSK BIOCHAR ON GROWTH OF Calophyllum inophyllum SEEDLINGS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2018-08-23) JAYALAKSHMI, H. G.; DEVAKUMAR, A. S.In order to sustain the productivity of degraded soils especially the acidic soils, one of the emerging approaches is biochar amendment. Soil amended with different concentrations of biochar showed a positive influence on growth of Calophyllum inophyllum seedlings. Considerable changes were seen in soil physical and chemical properties over 180 days after amendment. Important chemical change is reduction in soil pH, and the physical change is increased surface area. Increase in surface area will be effective in retaining the applied moisture and nutrients in the rizhosphere which can be accessed by plant. Higher surface area also improves soil porosity that improves root respiration. Increase in the major and minor nutrient concentrations was also evident suggesting sufficient nutrient availability. These changes are critical in chemical and biophysical interactions between plant and soil. Among four concentrations of rice husk biochar tried 10,000 kg ha-1 along with soil moisture maintained at field capacity is found to be most effective in increasing plant growth. There was a significant increase in plant growth after 180 days of treatment. It is important to note that the growth of Calophyllum inophyllum seedlings did not show noticeable reduction in growth when grown at 50 percent less moisture, but amended with 10,000 kg ha-1 of biochar. This has lot of implications in terms of conserving moisture, because moisture is a major natural resource in scarce under rainfed conditions. Further soil moisture is likely to decrease due to reduced rainfalls in tropical conditions due to global warming.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ECO RESTORATION OF DERELICT AND DEGRADED LAND THROUGH TREE FARMING WITH INDIGENOUS FOREST TREE SPECIES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-07-23) UDAY KUMAR, S.N.; Mahadeva Murthy, M.Degraded lands are ecologically unstable, unproductive and have a negative influence on the environment. A patch of fallow land with sodic soil was identified at ZARS, V. C., Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, for the experimental study to restore the site with indigenous forest tree species. Based on growth performance, eight indigenous tree species Viz, Terminalia catappa, Melia dubia, Artocarpus hirsutus, Syzygium jambos, Madhuca indica, Thespesia populnea, Pongamia pinnata and Azadirechta indica were selected for planting on the derelict site. To promote better growth rate of tree species in adverse soil conditions, gypsum as soil amendment was applied at 1, 2, 3 kg per pit for each species. Observations were recorded on different growth parameters like plant height, collar diameter, internodal length as well as total dry matter at periodical intervals till 180 days. Among the eight native forest tree species, Syzygium jambos recorded maximum plant height at 180 days after planting followed by Pongamia pinnata and from gypsum treatment T1 (36.18 cm) showed significant increase in plant height and maximum collar diameter was observed in Terminalia catappa (1.04 cm) and Pongamia pinnata (1.05 cm). Considerable increase in total dry matter production was recorded in Syzygium jambos. The field study indicated a positive response in restoring the degraded and derelict land with different levels of gypsum and it also favorably altered the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improved the soil condition in favor to the growth of indigenous forest tree species.
