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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE AND HETEROGENEITY OF SEED ORIGIN PLANTING MATERIAL ON GROWTH VARIATIONS IN Melia dubia Cav.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-05) RAGHAVA, B.; Devakumar, A. S.This study is an attempt to assess the growth of Melia dubia in different locations of Karnataka. Four-year-old trees, grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Girth of the trees varied from as low as 0.40 m under rainfed conditions to as high as 0.60 m under irrigated condition and in height it ranged from as low as 3.27 m to 7.82 m respectively. The tree volume ranged from as low as 0.043 m3 in rainfed condition to as high as 0.172 m3 in irrigated condition. The above ground standing biomass of a tree varied from as low as 17.53 Kg tree-1 under rainfed to as high as 68.97 Kg tree-1 under irrigated condition. Results indicate that Melia dubia perform well under rainfed condition and responds well when grown under irrigated condition. Growth of Melia dubia is found to perform better than silver oak and teak under rainfed conditions. Large variation in the number of individuals found in different girth classes of the same age indicate the variation in growth due to heterogeneity of planting material of seed origin. The loss of productivity due to heterogeneity was found to the tune of 71 and 74 percent under rainfed and irrigated conditions respectively.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON UTILIZATION OF BY- PRODUCTS OF BIODIESEL FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-01) NEELIMA, HOODA; Prasanna, K. TBiogas is generated from the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes and is rapidly emerging means for providing continuous energy generation. A large amount of nonedible oil cakes and glycerine is produced as by-products of biodiesel production that can be used as substrates for biogas production. This study presents the summary of results obtained in anaerobic digestion of pongamia oil cake, pongamia deoiled cake and glycerine with different proportions of cow dung for 75 days. The study revealed that the pH recorded in cow dung slurry was 7.2, pongamia oil cake slurry 5.9, pongamia deoiled cake slurry 6.6 and glycerine 8.5 suggesting significant differences in pH among the biogas substrates used. After 75 days of anaerobic digestion, a decrease was recorded the pH of treatments in which glycerine was in major proportions while in treatments without glycerine, a increase in pH was observed. However, no significant changes in EC were recorded in different treatments during the period of study. Increase in N, P and K content of biogas spent slurry was recorded after anaerobic digestion. A significant decline was observed in organic matter content, volatile solids and C:N ratio at the end of the experiment. Highest decline in C:N ratio was recorded in T4 with 9:1 cow dung and glycerine 75 days after anaerobic digestion. The cumulative biogas production after 75 days was significant only in T4 with 9:1 cow dung and glycerine. This suggests that optimum amount of glycerine could enhance biogas production manyfolds but excess glycerine can lead to accumulation of volatile fatty acids, lowering pH of the slurry and affecting biogas production potential.ThesisItem Open Access SELECTION OF INDIGENOUS FOREST TREE SPECIES RESPONDING TO HIGH CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) CONCENTRATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-07-30) PRIYANKA, V. S.; Mahadeva Murthy, M.Rise in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases under global climate change warrants an urgent need to understand the mechanisms associated with plant growth and development. Selection of appropriate indigenous forest tree species would help in sequestering the increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Therefore, the present study was conducted with two levels of CO2 (ambient 400 ppm and elevated 550 ppm) and one year old seedlings of indigenous species, namely Syzygium cumini, Dalbergia latifolia, Eugenia jambolana, Pterocarpus marsupium, Terminalia catappa, Mamia surgi, Pongamia pinnata and Madhuca latifolia. The leaf area and leaf dry weights were higher in Eugenia jambolana under CO2 enrichment. The dry matter production in Syzygium cumini (67.8 g/plant), Terminalia catappa (54.4 g/plant), Eugenia jambolana (53.9 g/plant) and Pongamia pinnata (52.9 g/plant) were higher at elevated CO2 levels. The root/ shoot ratio was decreased in all species except the Madhuca with higher CO2 concentration. An increased NAR was observed in Pongamia pinnata (805.4 mg. dm-2). Photosynthetic rate, leaf area duration and biomass production were high in Syzygium cumini at elevated CO2 concentration. In overall, the elevated CO2 resulted in higher water use efficiency through decreased stomatal conductances with relatively higher photosynthetic rates. Although, the data on gas exchange traits needs to be confirmed, based on the growth parameters, Syzygium cumini, Pterocarpus marsupium, Terminalia catappa, Mamia surgi and Eugenia jambolana found responsive to elevated CO2. These species can be recommended for afforestation as these indigenous species possess rapid growth rates and CO2 sequestration.ThesisItem Open Access ESTIMATION OF CARBON FOOTPRINT IN CULTIVATION OF MAJOR AGRICULTURE CROPS IN INDIA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-07-25) DIKSHA SAH; Devakumar, A. S.Global climate change has emerged as the most prominent environmental issue all over the world which need immediate attention to prevent further deterioration of the environment. It is also one of the biggest developmental challenge of the present time due to its influences on the focal possibilities for sustainable development. The effects of climate change is already felt all over the world, in diverse forms ranging from shifting weather patterns, receding glaciers, crop losses, altered distribution of precipitation, increased frequency and intensities of floods and droughts, and serious ecological imbalances. All these changes have severe ramification on economic growth. Major cause of climate change is increase in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY STUDIES IN NOTHAPODYTES NIMMONIANA (GRAHAM.) MABBER - AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL TREE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2008-06-10) GOPALA KRISHNAMURTHY, M. C.; RAMAKRISHNA, HEGDEVariations within a species develop in response to evolutionary forces such as natural selection that vary in different parts o f the natural range o f a species. Identification and exploitation o f natural variability is the cheapest and fastest way o f accomplishing gain in the forest tree improvement programme. Vast range of herbal based drugs are the base for pharmaceutical industry which are either of forest origin or derived from the plants that came from forests. Camptothecin (CPT) is one o f the potential anticancer plant based drug. Among the various plant sources, Nothapodytes nimmonicina could be one of the potential source o f CPT which is extracted from the wood and bark of the tree. The study was carried out in Western Ghats (12°08 N to 16°21’ N latitude and 76°30’ E to 75°55’ E longitude) of Karnataka with stratified random sampling method. The species was found to have considerable variation with respect to growth traits. Seeds of different regions locations and individual trees varied considerably in seed weight and germination. Survival rate, seedling height, collar diameter o f seedlings at nursery were also found to differ considerably between regions, locations and trees. CPT content of seedlings of different regions and locations were also differed significantly. The prevalence o f wide range of variability is common in highly cross-pollinated species and it is true in the case of N. nimmoniar.a as well. Quantitative estimation of the magnitude o f variability in each charactcr would suggest the scope for improving the desirable traits through selection. Initiation of tree improvement program based on sounn principles is needed in order to exploit the species commercially, there by reducing the pressure on the natural population. Selection of genotypes with higher alkaloid content and its mass multiplication need to be undertaken and while formulating the long term stra'egies.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF POTABLE WATER FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES IN BENGALURU(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2010-07-19) SUCHITHRA, K. P.; CHANDRA PRAKASH, J.It is well known that the safe drinking water continues to be an important public health issue because its contamination is responsible for the transmission of infectious diseases which causes serious illness and associated mortality worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, very few studies have been conducted to dealing with the quality of drinking water from hotels and other sources of supply. Totally 90 water samples were collected from different categories of hotels like high, medium and low end hotels and other sources like borewell, BWSSB and tankers to analyze physico-chemical, bio-chemical and microbial properties of potable water. In both hotels and sources potable water the pH, EC, TDS, Cl, NO2, NO3, SO4, CO3, HCO3, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn were well within desirable and permissible limit of BIS standards. Similarly, the metals like Mn, Cu and heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni were under Below Detectable Limit in all water samples. But the Fl was exceeded the permissible limit in L5, L9, B14 and B15 samples. The PO4 content was exceeded the desirable limit (0.1 mg/l) in all samples. The iron content in most of the HEH, Borewells and tanker waters exceeded the Desirable limit (0.3 mg/l) but well within the permissible limit. In B15 sample, BOD was recorded (7 mg/l) higher than excessive limit. DO was slightly exceeded the permissible limit (6-8 mg/l) in L2, L5, L12, B11 and T8 samples. Similarly the E.coli was higher in M4, C11 and T4 (>10 colonies) samples may be due to contamination from Municipal solid waste, septic tanks, leakage of sewage water, etc. Among hotels, HEH and MEH waters was fit for human consumption whereas in sources most of the tankers water unfit for consumption due to presence of E.coli.