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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF HUMAN ELEPHANT CONFLICT IMPACT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LANDSCAPES OF SAKALESHPUR AND ALUR TALUKS, CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2019-08-28) CHETHAN, C M; CHETHAN, C M; RAGHAVENDRA, S; RAGHAVENDRA, SThe Asian elephant inhabits more densely populated country like India that is facing rapid development accompanied by a high rate of deforestation, leading to increased interaction with humans. Sakaleshpur and Alur Taluks in Karnataka is one such case that has witnessed a higher level of human-elephant conflict (HEC) over the years. Forest area has been decreased from 32.00%(1998) to 30.10%(2011) and degraded further into 25.00% in 2018. Elephants are moving to the farmlands due to developmental activities. Increased plantation area from 17.80% to 24.50% resulted in increased area for elephant refuge. 50% of dung samples shows presence of 1-50 coffee beans. Respondent’s perception revealed that elephant menace was increased from the past 10 years(76.50%), due to scarcity of food and water(36.50%), attraction towards crops(23.00%),forest-fringes(7.50%),inadequate preventive measures(6.00%) and increased elephant’s population (6.00%). The vulnerability areas of HEC shows that damage was severe in the areas near to coffee, monoculture plantations and reserve-forest. More conflict incidences were observed within the distance of one kilometer from the reserve forest, and it decreased as distance increased. The severe conflict was seen during paddy maturation stage in the month of October- December. Elephants prefer Dawn, Dusk and night for crop-raiding to avoid human disturbance. Assessment made at a spatial and temporal level can be useful for taking up proper management of conflict at ground level.ThesisItem Open Access BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM HUSKS OF DIFFERENT SMALL MILLETS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-13) ASHWINI, R. N.An experiment entitled “Bioethanol production from husks of different small millets” was conducted in the laboratory of forestry and environmental sciences. In this experiment the millet husks (foxtail millet, barnyard millet and little millet) were subjected to different pre-treatments, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The microorganisms isolated from the spoiled fruits and millet husks were used in fermentation of millet husk. The results revealed that among six bacterial isolates, IS2 bacterial isolate(apple) has recorded highest mean population (3.6 × 104 CFU/ml). In enzymatic hydrolysis the total sugars were higher at 12 hours in autoclaved alkali barnyard millet husk (20905.36 mg/50g of feed stock) and total soluble solids was higher at 72 hours in autoclaved alkali pretreatment. Higher ethanol content during fermentation was recorded in autoclaved alkali barnyard millet husk (T17) pre-treatment at 120 hours (4018.26mg/50g feedstock). The study revealed that autoclaved alkaline pre-treatment was the best among all the other pretreatments. However, all the three millet husks produced bioethanol, but the concentration of bioethanol observed was higher in barn yard millet husk.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TREE BORNE OILSEEDS ESTABLISHED UNDER AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-17) DHANUSH, S. K.In order to fight the ever-increasing pressure on forest and to utilize the natural resources in a sustainable way for production of goods and services, cultivating trees on arable lands has become necessary. In this context, a field experiment was carried out in agroforestry block at ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru to study the growth performance, amount of carbon sequestered and to analyse the soil fertility status influenced by tree borne oilseed species under agroforestry system. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design with seven treatments i.e., tree species (Simarouba glauca, Melia dubia, Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach, Pongamia pinnata, Madhuca latifolia and Calophyllum inophyllum) and replicated three times. Fallow land (without crops) was an additional treatment as control to compare the influence of tree species on soil chemical properties at 15 and 30 cm depth. Based on the performance of growth and yield trait analysis, Melia dubia recorded significantly higher tree height (12.72 m), DBH (38.61 cm), wood volume (0.848 m3), canopy spread (14.78 m in N-S and 11.91 m in S-W direction) and light reduction percentage (66.46 %) as against other tree species. Melia dubia was able to sequester 268.4 tonnes of CO2 followed by Simarouba glauca which sequestered 162.5 tonnes of CO2 and Pongamia pinnata which captured 150.5 tonnes of CO2. This indicated that, Melia dubia, Simarouba glauca and Pongamia pinnata were highly promising tree species for carbon sequestration over other tree species. Soil fertility status was considerably better in association with trees as against fallow land. Soil pH was found to be low in association with trees whereas, soil organic carbon, available N, P & K were significantly higher under tree species. Pongamia pinnata, Melia dubia and Simarouba glauca significantly improved the soil fertility status. The study revealed that the nutrients were concentrated in the upper 15 cm of soil compared to 30 cm depth which infers trees have a positive influence on soil fertility status.ThesisItem Open Access PLANT DIVERSITY IN AGRO-ECOSYSTEM ALONG RURAL URBAN INTERFACE OF BENGALURU AND THE CONSEQUENTIAL CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-20) DHANUSH, C.; DEVAKUMAR, A. S.Urbanization is a contemporary global trend resulting from population growth and migration, which concentrates the demand for food, energy and land at place of aggregation exerting pressure on the natural resources, leading to major changes in ecosystem and its services. Present study was aim to assessing the consequential changes in the plant diversity in agroecosystem along the rural urban transition (RUT) of Bengaluru. A total of 208 plant species were recorded in the agroecosystems along the RUT zones of Bengaluru out of 208 species 62 were cultivated crop species. Highest numbers of vegetable, fruit and flower crop species were found in the urban and transition zones, while in the rural zone number of staple food crop species cultivated were more. Similar trends were noticed in case of area cultivated across RUT zones. The chemical fertilizers and pesticides required for cultivation of vegetables, fruits and flower crops is found to be more compared to staple food crops. The source of water contamination is leaching and runoff of fertilizers and pesticides from agriculture fields, since higher quantities of these chemicals used in the cultivation in urban and transition zones is bound to add more contaminants to water bodies. From water quality it is found that in urban and transition zones water bodies are more contaminated compared to rural zone. Similar trend of soil quality deterioration was also noticed in RUT zones. Present study indicates the influence of urbanization on the biodiversity of agroecosystems of Bengaluru.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF NURSERY TECHNIQUES AND PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES TO PRODUCE QUALITY PLANTING MATERIAL FOR A FEW SELECTED TROPICAL FOREST TREE SPECIES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-09-05) GOWRISH, R.; Mahadeva Murthy, M.It has become inevitable to grow the trees outside the forest, especially to reduce the pressure on forest and forest products. The lack of nursery techniques for production of quality planting materials has become a hindrance in the afforestation programmes. Hence, there is a need to produce healthy and vigorous seedlings in short duration by enhancing seed germination through appropriate pre-sowing seed treatments. With this point in view, the present study was carried out in The Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, UAS, G.K.V.K., Bangalore. Among five treatments given as a pretreatment of seeds, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia arjuna and Ceasalpina bandusella, were recorded maximum germination percentage viz., 80.30, 76.00 and 67.00 respectively with 100ppm GA3 (Gibberellic acid) pre-treatment. This infers that, the gibberellic acid pre-treatment of seeds showed the maximum and uniform germination for most of the selected tropical tree species. For the standardization of growth media in order to obtain the healthy seedlings, three different media viz., M1, M2, M3 with different combination of soil, sand, manure were formulated. The significant result was obtained by using M1 growth media (3:2:1) which produced maximum height at 90DAP in Ceasalpina bonducella (22.85cm) and Albizia odoratissima (21.05cm) and maximum collar diameter at 90DAP in Terminalia catappa (4.0mm) and Pterocarpus marsupium (3.10mm) was recorded. The least growth parameters of seedlings were recorded in M3 growth media (3:2:0). Thus, the study shows the positive response of pre-treatment of seeds and growth media standardization for production of healthy and vigorous seedlings.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS UNDER CAUVERY WATER BASIN OF TUMKUR DISTRICT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-30) CHETHAN, M. S.; Nagarajaiah, C.The study on ‘Evaluation of agroforestry systems under Cauvery water basin of Tumkur district’ was conducted during the 2018-19 in Cauvery water basin of Tumkur district comprising of five taluks viz., Tumkur, Gubbi, Turuvekere, Kunigal and Tiptur. Bund and boundary plantings were the major traditional agroforestry systems practiced by the farmers whereas Horti-silviculture system was the major agroforestry system followed by large farmers. The crop productivity with respect to grain and straw yields of finger millet under neem and teak based different agroforestry systems were documented lower compared to control. The cost-benefit ratio under agroforestry systems reported to be higher in association with other field crops further Horti-silviculture system recorded higher cost benefit ratio compare to other agroforestry systems. Higher carbon sequestration potential was observed in agroforestry systems than the conventional agriculture. Tree numbers was positively correlated with farm holding size and type of agroforestry systems followed by the farmers. Shannon’s diversity index was higher with large farmer followed by medium and small farmer. 19 tree species belonging to 12 plant families with 68.42 percent of trees being indigenous were recorded in study area. Tectona grandis was the most dominant tree species followed by Grevillea robusta, Azadirachta indica and Cocos nucifera. The agroforestry systems following farmers’ integrated trees in their farms based on their preferences such as economic benefit, multipurpose utility of the trees and cultural preference of the locality based.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF LITTER DYNAMICS IN EVERGREEN AND DECIDUOUS TREE SPECIES UNDER LOW RAINFALL CONDITION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-08-27) KOKILA, A.; Devakumar, A.S.Litter dynamics is assessed in four tree species of which two are deciduous (Dalbergia latifolia and Terminalia arjuna) and two are evergreen (Artocarpus heterophyllus and Amoora lawii). Leaf litter was collected using litter traps of 1 m × 1 m dimension at monthly interval. The total litter production is found significantly higher in Amoora lawii having bimodal litter production, while Terminalia arjuna which is deciduous in nature with unimodal litter production. Nitrogen concentration was highest in the litter of T. arjuna, while A. lawii had higher concentrations of phosphorus and A. heterophyllus showed higher concentrations of potassium. Cellulose was more in the litter of A. heterophyllus while D. latifolia and A. lawii recorded maximum hemicellulose and lignin respectively. These two complex hydrocarbons take longer to disintegrate and hence contribute to higher carbon in the deeper layer. Soil chemical composition decreased with increasing depth. Among the tree species litter from T. arjuna found to decompose faster. A. heterophyllus initially showed a slow rate of decomposition during the first three months and later it increased. Rate of decomposition was observed to be slower in A. lawii which was due to higher lignin content. Soil moisture, soil temperature and soil microbial activities are found to be major factors of litter decomposition, which was evident from strong correlation seen among these traits.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POTENTIALITY OF Arctium lappa L. AS A SHORT GESTATION BIOFUEL SPECIES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-08-27) SANTOSH R ARASINAGUDI; BALAKRISHNA GOWDABiodiesel production from non-edible sources has become one of the most prime areas of search for renewable fuels. The currently used non-edible tree born oil seeds are considered as long gestation sources which take 5-10 years to provide economic yield of feedstock. There are probabilities of having short gestation crops viz. annual/ seasonal crops in short cycles that can provide the feedstock continuously. The present study was conducted with a view to introduce one such crop plant to the list of plants aiding uninterrupted production of biodiesel. Arctium lappa L. plants were raised in two locations Biofuel Center, GKVK, Bengaluru and Biofuel Park, Madenur, Hassan during September, 2016 in order to check the feasibility of establishment of the annual herb and to study the properties of oil feasible for use in biodiesel production. The morphological characters of the plant, oil content estimation, biochemical properties of oil and biodiesel have been investigated following standard methods. The oil was found to be rich in linoleic acid (62.06 %) with viscosity (41.07 mm2 /s) and density (919 kg / m3 ). Biodiesel production was carried out in a single stage process, involving alkali catalyzed transesterification with maximum conversion of 96.2 %. From the study, Arctium lappa L. was found to contain about 20-23 % oil in its seeds and yields are estimated about 1,700 kg per hectare in 7-8 months. The growth performance of plant was found to be good in both the locations and biodiesel properties were on par with the International standardThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF HUMAN ELEPHANT CONFLICT IMPACT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LANDSCAPES OF SAKALESHPUR AND ALUR TALUKS, CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS(2019-08-28) CHETHAN., C. M.; Raghavendra., S.The Asian elephant inhabits more densely populated country like India that is facing rapid development accompanied by a high rate of deforestation, leading to increased interaction with humans. Sakaleshpur and Alur Taluks in Karnataka is one such case that has witnessed a higher level of human-elephant conflict (HEC) over the years. Forest area has been decreased from 32.00%(1998) to 30.10%(2011) and degraded further into 25.00% in 2018. Elephants are moving to the farmlands due to developmental activities. Increased plantation area from 17.80% to 24.50% resulted in increased area for elephant refuge. 50% of dung samples shows presence of 1-50 coffee beans. Respondent’s perception revealed that elephant menace was increased from the past 10 years(76.50%), due to scarcity of food and water(36.50%), attraction towards crops(23.00%),forest-fringes(7.50%),inadequate preventive measures(6.00%) and increased elephant’s population (6.00%). The vulnerability areas of HEC shows that damage was severe in the areas near to coffee, monoculture plantations and reserve-forest. More conflict incidences were observed within the distance of one kilometer from the reserve forest, and it decreased as distance increased. The severe conflict was seen during paddy maturation stage in the month of OctoberDecember. Elephants prefer Dawn, Dusk and night for crop-raiding to avoid human disturbance. Assessment made at a spatial and temporal level can be useful for taking up proper management of conflict at ground level.
